Timiaouine (also called Timiaouine, Timéiaouine, Timéiawine) (,

Amazigh Berbers, or the Berber peoples, also known as Amazigh or Imazighen, are a diverse grouping of distinct ethnic groups indigenous to North Africa who predate the arrival of Arabs in the Maghreb. Their main connections are identified by their u ...

: ⵜⵉⵎⵢⴰⵡⵉⵏ) is a town and commune in Bordj Badji Mokhtar District, Bordj Baji Mokhtar Province, in southwest

Algeria Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered to Algeria–Tunisia border, the northeast by Tunisia; to Algeria–Libya border, the east by Libya; to Alger ...

near the

border Borders are generally defined as geography, geographical boundaries, imposed either by features such as oceans and terrain, or by polity, political entities such as governments, sovereign states, federated states, and other administrative divisio ...

with

Mali Mali, officially the Republic of Mali, is a landlocked country in West Africa. It is the List of African countries by area, eighth-largest country in Africa, with an area of over . The country is bordered to the north by Algeria, to the east b ...

. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 4,493, up from 4,206 in 1998, with an annual growth rate of 0.7%, the lowest rate in the province.

History

In 1904,

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

sent two columns to exploit the last major gap in the central

Sahara The Sahara (, ) is a desert spanning across North Africa. With an area of , it is the largest hot desert in the world and the list of deserts by area, third-largest desert overall, smaller only than the deserts of Antarctica and the northern Ar ...

, the

Adrar des Ifoghas The Adrar des Ifoghas (also Adrar des Iforas; Tamasheq: ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵓⵖⴰⵙ in Tifinagh; Adrar n Ifoghas; Ifoghas' Mountains) is a massif located in the Kidal Region of Mali, reaching into Algeria. It has an area of aroun ...

. One departs from

Tamanrasset Tamanrasset (; ), also known as Tamanghasset or Tamenghest, is an oasis city and capital of Tamanrasset Province in southern Algeria, in the Ahaggar Mountains. It is the chief city of the Algerian Tuareg. It is located at an altitude of . As of ...

, to the north, under the command of General Laperrine, the other from

Timbuktu Timbuktu ( ; ; Koyra Chiini: ; ) is an ancient city in Mali, situated north of the Niger River. It is the capital of the Tombouctou Region, one of the eight administrative regions of Mali, having a population of 32,460 in the 2018 census. ...

, to the south, under the command of Lieutenant Théveniaud. They were found on the 1st of 1904 in the Timiau well.

Toponimia

In Amazigh, Timiaouine means "the gaps".

Geography

Timiaouine is 582 meters north of Adrar des Ifoghas, a large

massif A massif () is a principal mountain mass, such as a compact portion of a mountain range, containing one or more summits (e.g. France's Massif Central). In mountaineering literature, ''massif'' is frequently used to denote the main mass of an ...

in the Sahara Desert that extends further south to

Kidal Kidal ( Tuareg Berber: ⴾⴸⵍ, KDL, Kidal) is a town and commune in the desert region of northern Mali. The town lies northeast of Gao and is the capital of the Kidal Cercle and the Kidal Region. The commune has an area of about and incl ...

in Mali. The area immediately stands out for the large

granitic A granitoid is a broad term referring to a diverse group of coarse-grained igneous rocks that are widely distributed across the globe, covering a significant portion of the Earth's exposed surface and constituting a large part of the continental ...

rocks that are found to the west of the town, and further north.

Location

The territory of the municipality of Timiauine is located in the southeast of the province of Adrar, in the extreme south of Algeria. Distances from other major cities: * 130 km southeast of Bordj Badji Mokhtar * 465 km southwest of Tamanrasset * 850 km south-east of Adrar * 1 820 km south of

Algiers Algiers is the capital city of Algeria as well as the capital of the Algiers Province; it extends over many Communes of Algeria, communes without having its own separate governing body. With 2,988,145 residents in 2008Census 14 April 2008: Offi ...

Localities

As of 1984, the commune was composed of one locality: * Timiaouine

Transportation

The only major road out of Timiaouine is the N6 national highway, which connects the city to

Bordj Badji Mokhtar Bordj Badji Mokhtar () is a town and Communes of Algeria, commune in Bordj Badji Mokhtar District, Bordj Badji Mokhtar Province, in south-western Algeria. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 16,437, up from 9,323 in 1998, with an a ...

to the northwest and then Adrar to the north.

Education

0.4% of the population has a tertiary education (the lowest rate for any commune in Bordj Baji Mokhtar Province), and another 2.3% has completed secondary education. The overall literacy rate is 63.5%, and is 70.9% among males and 56.0% among females.

Health

In one of the hospitals in the province of Adrar, specialized consultations and hospitalizations are carried out for the inhabitants of the municipality. They have the following hospitals: *

Ibn Sina Ibn Sina ( – 22 June 1037), commonly known in the West as Avicenna ( ), was a preeminent philosopher and physician of the Muslim world, flourishing during the Islamic Golden Age, serving in the courts of various Iranian peoples, Iranian ...

Hospital in Adrar. * Mohamed Hachemi Hospital in Timimoun . *

Reggane Reggane (from Berber "Argan"; ) is a town and commune, and the capital of Reggane District, in Adrar Province, central Algeria. Reggane lies in the Sahara Desert near an oasis. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 20,402, up from 14 ...

Hospital. * Noureddine Sahraoui Hospital in

Aoulef Aoulef () is a town and commune and capital of Aoulef District, in Adrar Province, south-central Algeria. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 21,723, up from 15,229 in 1998, with an annual growth rate of 3.7%. Geography The t ...

. * Bordj Badji Mokhtar Hospital. *

Zaouiet Kounta Zaouiet Kounta () is a town in southern Algeria Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered to Algeria–Tunisia border, the northeast by Tunisia; to A ...

Hospital. * Tililane Hospital Center. * 240-bed general hospital. * 120-bed

Geriatric Geriatrics, or geriatric medicine, is a medical specialty focused on addressing the unique health needs of older adults. The term ''geriatrics'' originates from the Greek γέρων ''geron'' meaning "old man", and ιατρός ''iatros'' mean ...

Hospital. * 120-bed

psychiatric Psychiatry is the medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of deleterious mental conditions. These include matters related to cognition, perceptions, mood, emotion, and behavior. Initial psychiatric assessment of ...

hospital. * 120-bed cancer center.

Climate

Timiaouine has a hot

desert climate The desert climate or arid climate (in the Köppen climate classification ''BWh'' and ''BWk'') is a dry climate sub-type in which there is a severe excess of evaporation over precipitation. The typically bald, rocky, or sandy surfaces in desert ...

(

Köppen climate classification The Köppen climate classification divides Earth climates into five main climate groups, with each group being divided based on patterns of seasonal precipitation and temperature. The five main groups are ''A'' (tropical), ''B'' (arid), ''C'' (te ...

''BWh''), with extremely hot summers and mild winters, and very little

precipitation In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls from clouds due to gravitational pull. The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, rain and snow mixed ("sleet" in Commonwe ...

throughout the year.

References

Neighbouring towns and cities

{{Geographic location , Centre = Timiaouine , North = Adrar
Akabli , Northeast =

Silet (

) , East =

Tin Zaouatine Tin Zaouatine () (also spelled Tinzouatine, Tin Zaoutine, Ti-n-Zaouatene or Tin Zaouaten) is a commune, coextensive with the district of Tin Zaouatine, in In Guezzam Province, Algeria. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 4,157, u ...

(

) , Southeast =

Tahoua Tahoua is a city in Niger and the administrative centre of the Department of Tahoua and the larger Tahoua Region. ...

(

Niger Niger, officially the Republic of the Niger, is a landlocked country in West Africa. It is a unitary state Geography of Niger#Political geography, bordered by Libya to the Libya–Niger border, north-east, Chad to the Chad–Niger border, east ...

) , South =

Ménaka Ménaka (Berber languages, Berber: ⵎⵏⴾⴰ) is a town and Communes of Mali, urban commune in Ménaka Cercle and Ménaka Region in eastern Mali. It is the seat and the largest town in the ''cercle'' and region. The town is set amidst the rocky ...

(

) , Southwest =

Aguelhok Aguelhok, also known as Adjelhoc (the official name), is a rural commune and village in the Kidal Region of eastern Mali in the Tessalit Cercle. In the census of 2009 the commune had a population of 8,080. Geography Adjelhoc is situated in the ...

(

) , West =

Tessalit Tessalit is a Communes of Mali, rural commune and village in the Kidal Region of Mali. The village is the administrative centre of Tessalit Cercle (district). The village lies north of Aguelhok, Adjelhoc and about from the Algerian border. Th ...

(

) , Northwest =

Tindouf Tindouf () is the main town, and a Communes of Algeria, commune in Tindouf Province, Algeria, close to the Algeria–Mauritania border, Mauritanian, Algeria–Western Sahara border, Western Saharan and Algeria–Morocco border, Moroccan borders. Th ...

Communes of Bordj Badji Mokhtar Province