Timeline Of Istanbul

The following is a timeline of the history of the town of Istanbul, Turkey.

Prior to 4th century

* 1000 BCE - Thracian tribes find the settlements of Lygos and Semistra.
* 657 BCE – Byzantium founded by Greeks.
* 513 BCE – City taken by Persians under the rule of Darius the Great.
* 479 BCE – Spartans take control of Byzantium from the Persians following their victory at the Battle of Plataea.
* 411 BCE – Captured by Sparta.
* 408 BCE – Captured by Athens.
* 340 BCE – Besieged unsuccessfully by the forces of Philip II of Macedon.
* 317 BCE – Battle of Byzantium.
* 193 CE
** Besieged by Septimius Severus.
** Population: 15,000
* 196 – Captured by Septimius Severus. Walls demolished and city razed.
* 203
** Septimius Severus rebuilds the city.
** Hippodrome built (approximate date).
** Mese main street built.
** Baths of Zeuxippus built (approximate date).
** Walls rebuilt (approximate date).
* 267 – Captured by the Herules.

4th–15th centuries

* 315 – Hagia Irene church built (approximate date).
* 324
** 8 November: Constantine renames the city as Constantinoupolis and begins large-scale rebuilding.
** Serpent Column relocated to Byzantium.
** Hippodrome enlarged.
** Population: 20,000
* 328 – 4 November: Constantine dedicates Constantinople as capital.
* 330
** 11 May: Column of Constantine dedicated.
** Church of the Holy Apostles built (approximate date).
** Chora Church built (approximate date).
** Milion erected (approximate date).
* 332
** 18 May: Free distribution of food to citizens. 80,000 rations a day from 117 distribution points.
* 359 – First urban prefect appointed.
* 360 – 15 February: Great Church of Holy Wisdom inaugurated.
* 362 – Kontoskalion built.
* 365 – City taken by forces of Procopius.
* 368
** Valens Aqueduct completed.
** Magnaura palace built (approximate date).
** Population: 150,000
* 378 – Battle of Constantinople (378): Gothic attack on the city.
* 381 – First Council of Constantinople held in the Hagia Irene church.
* 382
** Drought.
** Second line added to the Valens Aqueduct.
* 390 – Obelisk of Theodosius installed.
* 393
** Forum of Theodosius rebuilt.
** Column of Theodosius erected.
** Arch of Theodosius completed.
** Population: 200,000
* 395 – Earthquake (approximate date).
* 400 – City occupied by the rebel forces of Gainas for several months.
* 401 – Construction of the Column of Arcadius begins.
* 403
** Forum of Arcadius built.
** Column of Aelia Eudoxia erected.
** Earthquake.
* 407 – 1 April: Earthquake.
* 413 – Theodosian Walls built.
* 415 – 10 October: Church of Theodosius II inaugurated.
* 420 – Palace of Lausus built (approximate date).
* 421 – Cistern of Aetius built.
* 425 – 27 February: Pandidakterion school founded by emperor Theodosius II.
* 428 – Theodosius Cistern built (approximate date).
* 430 – Palace of Antiochos built.
* 433 – August: Fire destroys buildings along the Golden Horn.
* 437 – 25 September: Constantinian and Theodosian Walls damaged by an earthquake.
* 439 – Boukoleon Palace built (approximate date).
* 440 – Saint Andrew in Krisei built (approximate date).
* 447
** 26 January: Walls damaged by an earthquake.
** Walls rebuilt in 60 days by 16,000 workers under praetorian prefect Constantinus.
** 6 November: Constantinian and Theodosian Walls damaged by an earthquake.
* 450
** Column of Marcian erected (approximate date).
** Church of St. Mary of Blachernae built.
* 459
** Construction of the Cistern of Aspar begins.
** Augustaion rebuilt.
* 462 – Monastery of Stoudios founded.
* 464 – September: Fire begins in the dockyards of the Golden Horn and damages eight of the city's fourteen regions.
* 473 – Imperial Library of Constantinople burned.
* 476 – Basilica Cistern rebuilt (approximate date).
* 478 – 25 September: Walls damaged by an earthquake.
* 498 – Riot by the Greens damages the Hippodrome and surrounding area.
* 500
** Cistern of Mocius built (approximate date).
** Palace of Blachernae built (approximate date).
** Byzantine structure that would become the Balaban Aga Mosque built (approximate date).
* 524 – Church of St. Polyeuctus built.
* 527 – Construction of the Church of the Saints Sergius and Bacchus begins.
* 532
** January: Nika riots.
** 23 February: Construction of the Hagia Sophia church begins.
** Basilica Cistern rebuilt and enlarged.
* 533 – Earthquake.
* 536 – Church of the Saints Sergius and Bacchus finished.
* 537
** 26 December: Hagia Sophia completed.
** Population: 300,000–500,000
* 541 – Plague of Justinian kills 40% of the population.
* 543 – Column of Justinian erected.
* 545 – Wheat and wine shortage.
* 548 – Hagia Irene rebuilt.
* 550 – 28 June: Church of the Holy Apostles rebuilt.
* 553 – Second Council of Constantinople held.
* 554 – 16 August: 554 Anatolia earthquake.
* 555 – May–July: Bread shortage.
* 557 – 14 December: 557 Constantinople earthquake destroys large parts of the city.
* 558 – February–July: Re-occurrence of the plague of Justinian.
* 560 – Monastery of the Mother of God at the Spring built.
* 562 – November: Drought.
* 570
** Chrysotriklinos built by emperor Justin II (approximate date).
** Orphanage of Saint Paul founded (approximate date).
* 573–574 – Re-occurrence of the plague of Justinian.
* 575 – Kontoskalion harbor deepened and enlarged.
* 576 – Valens Aqueduct repaired and expanded.
* 582 – Famine.
* 586 – Re-occurrence of the plague of Justinian.
* 599 – Re-occurrence of the plague of Justinian.
* 626 – Siege of Constantinople (626) by Avars, Slavs and Sassanian Persians.
* 674–678 – Siege of Constantinople (674–78).
* 680 – Third Council of Constantinople held.
* 690 – Hall of Justinianos built by emperor Justinian II (approximate date).
* 692 – Quinisext Council held.
* 698 – Outbreak of plague.
* 717–718 – Siege of Constantinople (717–18).
* 740 – October 26: 740 Constantinople earthquake.
* 747 – Outbreak of plague.
* 753 – Hagia Irene rebuilt.
* 758 – Drought.
* 766 – Valens Aqueduct restored.
* 769 – Church of the Virgin of the Pharos in existence.
* 813 – City besieged by Bulgarian forces.
* 821 – City besieged by forces of Thomas the Slav.
* 860 – Siege of Constantinople (860).
* 869 – A portion of the walls collapses in an earthquake.
* 870 – Fourth Council of Constantinople (Catholic Church) held.
* 880
** Fourth Council of Constantinople (Eastern Orthodox) held.
** 1 May: Nea Ekklesia built.
* 907 – Siege of Constantinople (907).
* 908 – Lips Monastery built.
* 920 – Myrelaion built.
* 922 – Battle of Constantinople (922).
* 941 – Siege of Constantinople (941).
* 971 – Church of Christ of the Chalke built by emperor John I Tzimiskes.
* 1000 – Hagios Theodoros built (approximate date).
* 1030 – Monastery of St. Mary Peribleptos built by emperor Romanos III Argyros.
* 1045 – Monastery of St. George of Mangana built (approximate date).
* 1047 – September: Siege by rebels under Leo Tornikios.
* 1049 — Theotokos Euergetis Monastery founded.
* 1059 – Saint Thekla of the Palace of Blachernae built.
* 1060 – Pammakaristos Church built (approximate date).
* 1081 – Chora Church rebuilt.
* 1087 – Monastery of Christ Pantepoptes built.
* 1100
** Paper in use.
** Saint John the Forerunner by-the-Dome built.
* 1110
** Kecharitomene Monastery built.
** Maiden's Tower built.
* 1136 – Monastery of the Pantocrator completed.
* 1147 – September: Battle of Constantinople (1147)
* 1181 – 2 May: Uprising of Maria Komnene against the rule of Alexios Komnenos suppressed.
* 1182 – April: Massacre of the Latins.
* 1197 – 25 July: Fire destroys the Latin Quarter and other buildings.
* 1200 – Theotokos Kyriotissa built (approximate date).
* 1203 – Siege of Constantinople (1203) by the Fourth Crusade, in which Alexius IV was able to usurp the throne after Alexius III fled to Thrace.
* 1204 – April: Siege of Constantinople (1204) by the Fourth Crusade, in which the Byzantines were overwhelmed and the city thoroughly sacked.
* 1235 – Siege of Constantinople (1235).
* 1260 – Siege of Constantinople (1260).
* 1261
** 25 July: Captured by Nicaean forces under Alexios Strategopoulos.
** Population: 35,000
* 1268 – Kyra Martha nunnery founded.
* 1289 – June: Earthquake.
* 1304 – South Church of Lips Monastery built.
* 1307 – Monastery of Christ Philanthropos built.
* 1325 – Church of San Domenico built.
* 1332 – 17 January: Earthquake.
* 1347
** 14 October: Earthquake.
** 18 October: Earthquake.
* 1348
** Galata Tower built.
** Population: 80,000
* 1351 – 28 May: Fifth Council of Constantinople completed.
* 1376 – City besieged by forces of Andronikos IV Palaiologos.
* 1394
** Blockade of the city begun by Ottoman forces under Bayezid I.
** Anadoluhisarı fortress built.

15th–18th centuries

* 1402
** Ottoman blockade lifted.
** Earthquake.
* 1410 – June: Battle of Kosmidion.
* 1411 – Siege of Constantinople (1411).
* 1422 – Siege of Constantinople (1422).
* 1427 – Church of Saint Benoit built.
* 1437
** 4 September: Earthquake.
** 25 November: Earthquake.
* 1452 – Rumelihisarı fortress built.
* 1453
** 6 April-29 May: Final Siege of Constantinople; City besieged by Ottoman forces; Mehmed II in power.
** Capital of the Ottoman Empire relocated to Constantinople from Edirne.
** Hagia Sophia (converted from Orthodox cathedral to mosque) in use.
** ''Medrese'' predecessor of Istanbul University established.
** Population: 40,000–50,000
* 1454
** 18 April: Treaty of Constantinople (1454)
** Imperial Arsenal established.
** Phanar Greek Orthodox College founded.
** Ağa hamamı built.
* 1458
** Yedikule Fortress built.
** Eyüp Sultan Mosque built.
* 1460 – Grand Bazaar built (approximate date).
* 1465 – Topkapı Palace construction begins.
* 1467 – Turkish State Mint established.
* 1470
** Fatih Mosque built.
** Sahn-ı Seman Medrese established.
* 1471 – Rum Mehmed Pasha Mosque built.
* 1472 – Tiled Kiosk built.
* 1478 – Galata Mosque in use.
* 1479 – 25 January: Treaty of Constantinople (1479)
* 1481 – Galatasaray High School established.
* 1488 – Complex of Sultan Bayezid II built.
* 1491 – Firuz Agha Mosque built in Fatih.
* 1497 – Gazi Atik Ali Pasha Mosque built.
* 1505 – İskender Pasha Mosque, Fatih built (approximate date).
* 1506 – Bayezid II Mosque built.
* 1509 – 1509 Constantinople earthquake.
* 1512 – Vasat Atik Ali Pasha Mosque built.
* 1520 – Suleiman the Magnificent becomes Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
* 1521 – Ibrahim Pasha Palace in use.
* 1528 – Yavuz Selim Mosque built.
* 1531 – Piri Mehmed Pasha Mosque built.
* 1533 – 22 July: Treaty of Constantinople (1533).
* 1535 – French embassy established.
* 1539 – Haseki Sultan Complex built.
* 1541 – Tomb of Hayreddin Barbarossa built.
* 1542 – Defterdar Mosque built.
* 1548
** Mihrimah Sultan Mosque (Üsküdar) built.
** Şehzade Mosque built.
* 1550
** Mosque with the Spiral Minaret built.
** Yavuz Sultan Selim Madras built.
* 1551 – Hadim Ibrahim Pasha Mosque built.
* 1554 – Coffee house in business.
* 1555 – November/December: Sinan Pasha Mosque (Istanbul) built.
* 1556 – Bath-house of Haseki Hurrem Sultan built.
* 1557
** Süleymaniye Mosque built.
** Süleymaniye Hamam bath built.
* 1559 – Caferağa Medresseh built.
* 1560 – İskender Pasha Mosque, Kanlıca built.
* 1563 – Rüstem Pasha Mosque built.
* 1567 – Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque (Büyükçekmece) built.
* 1570 – Mihrimah Sultan Mosque (Edirnekapı) built.
* 1571 – Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque (Kadırga) built.
* 1572 – Kara Ahmed Pasha Mosque built.
* 1573 – Piyale Pasha Mosque built.
* 1577 – Observatory of Taqi al-Din built.
* 1578 – Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque (Azapkapı) built.
* 1580 – Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex built.
* 1581 – Şemsi Pasha Mosque built.
* 1583 – 26 March: First British ambassador to Constantinople arrives.
* 1584
** Çemberlitaş Hamamı (bath) built.
** Molla Çelebi Mosque built.
** Church of St. Mary Draperis, Istanbul established.
* 1586
** Atik Valide Mosque built.
** Mesih Mehmed Pasha Mosque built.
* 1590
** 21 March: Treaty of Constantinople (1590).
** Zal Mahmud Pasha Mosque built.
* 1604 – Church of SS Peter and Paul, Istanbul built.
* 1612 – 20 November: Treaty of Nasuh Pasha.
* 1613 – Aynalıkavak Palace built.
* 1615 – Cossack raid on Istanbul (1615)
* 1616 – Sultan Ahmed Mosque built.
* 1620 – Cossack raid on Istanbul (1620)
* 1624 – Cossack raids on Istanbul (1624)
* 1648 – Atmeydanı incident.
* 1656 – 26 February: Çınar incident.
* 1660
** 24–26 July: Great Fire of 1660.
** New Bazaar built.
* 1665 – Valide Sultan Mosque built.
* 1678 – Church of St. Mary Draperis rebuilt.
* 1700 – 13 July: Treaty of Constantinople (1700).
* 1710 – Yeni Valide Mosque built.
* 1728 – Fountain of Ahmed III built.
* 1729 – Fountain of Ahmed III (Üsküdar) built.
* 1730 – 20 September: Patrona Halil rebellion.
* 1732 – Tophane Fountain built.
* 1736 – 24 September: Treaty of Constantinople (1736).
* 1742 – 15 April: Apostolic Vicariate of Constantinople established.
* 1746 – Kalenderhane Mosque consecrated.
* 1753 – Yedikule Hospital founded.
* 1755 – Nuruosmaniye Mosque built.
* 1758 – Şemsipaşa Primary School established.
* 1763 – Laleli Mosque built.
* 1766 – Earthquake.
* 1769 – Zeynep Sultan Mosque built.
* 1771 – Fatih Mosque rebuilt.
* 1773 – Naval Engineering at Golden Horn Naval Shipyard college founded.
* 1774 – Rami Barracks built.
* 1781 – Emirgan Mosque built.
* 1793 – Balıklı Greek Hospital rebuilt.
* 1795
** Imperial School of Military Engineering established.
** Mühendishane-i Berri Hümayun printing house established.

19th century

* 1800 – Eyüp Sultan Mosque rebuilt.
* 1801 – Big Selimiye Mosque built.
* 1806 – Taksim Military Barracks built.
* 1807 – 29 May: Coup of 1807.
* 1808 – 28 July: Coup of 1808.
* 1813 – Hidayet Mosque built.
* 1814 – Sultan Mahmut Fountain built.
* 1821 – Constantinople massacre of 1821.
* 1825 – Pangaltı Mkhitaryan School established.
* 1826
** 15 June: Auspicious Incident.
** Nusretiye Mosque built.
* 1828
** 6 February: Selimiye Barracks built.
** Beyazıt Tower built.
* 1831 – October: Takvim-i Vekayi newspaper established.
* 1832
** February: Treaty of Constantinople (1832).
** Beylerbeyi Palace Tunnel built.
** Davutpaşa Barracks built.
* 1833 – 8 July: Treaty of Hünkâr İskelesi.
* 1834
** Military Academy established.
** 31 May: Surp Pırgiç Armenian Hospital opened.
* 1836 – 3 September: Hayratiye Bridge built.
* 1837 – Surp Agop Hospital opened.
* 1843 – Church of SS Peter and Paul rebuilt.
* 1844 – Naum Theatre opened.
* 1845
** Galata Bridge built.
** 21 September: Mekteb-i Fünun-ı İdadiye military high school established.
* 1846
** Cathedral of the Holy Spirit built.
** 1 July: Armenian Evangelical Church established.
** 23 July: House of Multiple Sciences established (predecessor of Istanbul University).
* 1848
** Küçük Mecidiye Mosque built.
** Nusretiye Clock Tower built.
** Ottoman Military College established.
* 1849 – 9 October: Bulgarian St. Stephen Church inaugurated.
* 1850
** 21 March: Istanbul Girls High School inaugurated.
** 22 March: Cağaloğlu Anadolu Lisesi established.
* 1851
** Hırka-i Şerif Mosque built.
** Emirgan Pier opened.
* 1852
** Taşkışla houses built.
** Taksim German Hospital founded.
* 1853 – Üsküdar Ferry Terminal opened.
* 1854 – Teşvikiye Mosque built.
* 1855
** Ihlamur Palace built.
** Dolmabahçe Mosque built.
* 1856
** 27 November: Lycée Notre Dame de Sion Istanbul established.
** Dolmabahçe Palace built in Beşiktaş.
** Ortaköy Mosque built.
** Ottoman Bank founded.
** Fenerbahçe Lighthouse built.
* 1857
** Küçüksu Palace built.
** Ahırkapı Feneri lighthouse built.
* 1859
** 12 February: Mekteb-i Mülkiye-i Şahane college established.
** Şişli Greek Orthodox Cemetery founded.
* 1861
** 14 April: Bulgarian Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Constantinople established.
** Adile Sultan Palace built.
** ''Al-Jawâ'ib'' begins publication.
** Liceo Italiano di Istanbul founded.
* 1862 – Tekel tobacco company founded.
* 1863
** 16 September: Robert College opened.
** First painting exhibition sponsored by Sultan Abdülaziz.
* 1865
** Beylerbeyi Palace built.
** Altunizade Mosque built.
* 1866 – Gedikpaşa Tiyatrosu theatre established.
* 1867 – Çırağan Palace built.
* 1868
** 1 April: Court of Cassation established.
** 1 May: Deutsche Schule Istanbul founded.
** Kandilli Observatory established.
** Galatasaray Museum established.
* 1870
** June 5: Fire in Pera.
** 24 November: '' Diyojen'' magazine founded.
** Malta Kiosk built.
* 1871
** Feriye Palace built.
** American College for Girls established in Arnavutköy.
* 1872
** Pertevniyal Valide Sultan Mosque built.
** Haydarpaşa railway station opened.
** Pertevniyal High School founded.
** '' El Tiempo'' Ladino-language newspaper founded.
** 22 July:
*** Bakırköy railway station opened.
*** Küçükçekmece railway station opened.
** 27 July: Sirkeci railway station opened.
** 22 September:
*** Bostancı railway station opened.
*** Erenköy railway station opened.
*** Feneryolu railway station opened.
*** Kartal railway station opened.
*** Küçükyalı railway station opened.
* 1873
** 27 April: Fenerbahçe railway station opened.
** Darüşşafaka High School founded.
* 1874 – Population: 827,750
* 1875
** 17 January:
*** Beyoğlu (Tünel) railway station opened.
*** Karaköy (Tünel) railway station opened.
** Esma Sultan Mansion built.
* 1876
** 3 January:'' Akhtar'' Persian-language magazine established.
** ''Muharrir'' magazine established.
** Üsküdar American Academy founded.
** Göztepe railway station built.
* 1877 – 18 December: Central Committee for Defending Albanian Rights formed.
* 1878
** 26 June: Tercüman-ı Hakikat newspaper first published.
** Istanbul Bar Association established.
* 1879
** British Economical Society, Ltd, Istanbul´s first supermarket, opened
** 12 October: Society for the Publication of Albanian Writings formed.
* 1880
** 14 September: Hagia Triada Greek Orthodox Church, Istanbul built.
** Yıldız Palace built.
* 1882
** Palazzo Corpi built.
** Ottoman Public Debt Administration building constructed.
** School of Fine Arts established.
** Numune-i Terakki school founded.
** 14 January: Istanbul Chamber of Commerce established.
* 1883
** School of Economics established.
** Orient Express (Paris–Istanbul) begins operating.
** '' Drita'' Albanian magazine begins publishing.
* 1886
** 1 September: Getronagan Armenian High School established.
** Yıldız Hamidiye Mosque built.
* 1887
** Ertuğrul Tekke Mosque built.
** Hidayet Mosque rebuilt.
* 1890
** Yıldız Clock Tower built.
** Kum Kapu demonstration.
** Tekel Birası brewery established.
* 1891 – 13 June: Imperial Museum founded.
* 1892
** Pera Palace Hotel built.
** Mekteb-i Aşiret-i Humayun school established.
* 1893 – Zografeion Lyceum inaugurated.
* 1894
** 10 July: an earthquake in the Gulf of İzmit kills about 1,349 people.
** Pando's Creamery in business.
* 1895
** Dolmabahçe Clock Tower built.
** Russian Archaeological Institute of Constantinople established.
** Lycée Sainte-Euphémie established.
* 1896
** 1 January: Kurtuluş S.K. founded.
** 26 August: Occupation of the Ottoman Bank.
* 1897
** Treaty of Constantinople (1897).
** Istanbul Naval Museum established.
** Tokatlıyan Hotels built.
* 1899 – 20 April: Port of Haydarpaşa opened.

20th century

* 1900 – Port of Istanbul opened.
* 1901
** 27 January: German Fountain inaugurated.
** Ulus Sephardi Jewish Cemetery established.
* 1903
** 4 March: Beşiktaş J.K. founded.
** Moda F.C. founded.
* 1904
** Istanbul Football League established.
** Elpis F.C. founded.
** HMS Imogene F.C. founded.
* 1905
** 21 July: Yıldız assassination attempt.
** 30 October: Galatasaray S.K. founded.
* 1907
** 3 May: Fenerbahçe S.K. (football) founded.
** Khedive Palace built.
** Etfal Hospital Clock Tower built.
* 1908
** Istanbul declared a province with nine constituent districts.
** Ottoman National Olympic Society founded.
** Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium inaugurated.
** Kabataş Erkek Lisesi established.
** '' Karagöz'' magazine established.
** Osmanischer Lloyd established.
** '' Demet'' magazine established.
** '' Jamanak'' Armenian-language newspaper established.
** '' El Gugeton'' Ladino-language newspaper established.
** Vefa S.K. founded.
** Beykoz S.K.D. founded.
** Üsküdar Anadolu S.K. founded.
** Strugglers F.C. founded.
* 1909
** 31 March Incident
** National Bank of Turkey established.
** Scouting and Guiding Federation of Turkey predecessor formed.
**