This is a historical timeline of the development and progress of cancer treatments, which includes time of discovery, progress, and approval of the treatments.

Ancient Era

Cancer was traditionally treated with surgery, heat, or herbal (chemical) therapies. * 2600 BC Egyptian physician

Imhotep Imhotep (; egy, ỉỉ-m-ḥtp "(the one who) comes in peace"; fl. late 27th century BCE) was an Egyptian chancellor to the Pharaoh Djoser, possible architect of Djoser's step pyramid, and high priest of the sun god Ra at Heliop ...

recommended producing a localised infection to promote regression of tumours. According to the Ebers medical papyrus, this was done by placing a poultice near the tumour, followed by local incision. * BC Ancient Greeks, Romans, and Egyptians used heat to treat masses. Healers in ancient India used regional and whole-body hyperthermia as treatments. * 2 AD Ancient Greeks describe surgical treatment of cancer.

Modern Era

1800s

* 1820s British Dr. James Arnott, "the father of modern

cryosurgery Cryosurgery is the use of extreme cold in surgery to destroy abnormal or diseased tissue; thus, it is the surgical application of cryoablation. The term comes from the Greek words cryo (κρύο) ("icy cold") and surgery (''cheirourgiki'' – � ...

", starts to use

cryotherapy Cryotherapy, sometimes known as cold therapy, is the local or general use of low temperatures in medical therapy. Cryotherapy may be used to treat a variety of tissue lesions. The most prominent use of the term refers to the surgical treatment, s ...

to freeze tumours in the treatment of breast and uterine cancers * 1880s American Dr.

William Stewart Halsted William Stewart Halsted, M.D. (September 23, 1852 – September 7, 1922) was an American surgeon who emphasized strict aseptic technique during surgical procedures, was an early champion of newly discovered anesthetics, and introduced severa ...

develops radical mastectomy for breast cancer * 1890s German Dr. Westermark used localized hyperthermia to produce tumour regression in patients * 1891 American Dr.

William B. Coley William Bradley Coley (January 12, 1862 – April 16, 1936) was an American bone surgeon and cancer researcher best known for his early contributions to the study of cancer immunotherapy. Although his work was not proven effective in his lifetime ...

, "the father of

immunotherapy Immunotherapy or biological therapy is the treatment of disease by activating or suppressing the immune system. Immunotherapies designed to elicit or amplify an immune response are classified as ''activation immunotherapies,'' while immunotherap ...

", starts to treat cancer patients by injecting them with

streptococci ''Streptococcus'' is a genus of gram-positive ' (plural ) or spherical bacteria that belongs to the family Streptococcaceae, within the order Lactobacillales (lactic acid bacteria), in the phylum Bacillota. Cell division in streptococci ...

, containing immunostimulatory

CpG CpG can be: * CpG site - methylated sequences of DNA significant in gene regulation * CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide - unmethylated sequences of DNA that have immunostimulatory properties *CpG island The CpG sites or CG sites are regions of DNA wher ...

motifs * 1896 French Dr.

Victor Despeignes Victor Despeignes (14 February 1866 – 30 July 1937 ) was a pioneer in radiation oncology. He was possibly the first person to use X-rays to treat cancer, which he did in July 1896 for a patient with stomach cancer. He was also the first physician ...

, "the father of radiation therapy", starts to use X-rays to treat cancer * 1896 American Dr.

Emil Grubbe Émil Herman Grubbé (1 January 1875 — 26 March 1960) was possibly the first American to use x-rays as a treatment for cancer (versus detection) but this is disputed and no reliable contemporary source of this claim exists. He was born in Ch ...

starts to treat breast cancer patients with X-rays * 1896 Sir George Thomas Beatson invented hormonal treatment of breast cancer by bilateral ovary removal in women with inoperable breast cancer.

1900s

* 1900 Swedish Dr. Stenbeck cures a skin cancer with small doses of radiation * 1920s Dr.

's immunotherapy treatment, regressed tumors in hundreds of cases, the success of

Coley's Toxins Coley's toxins (also called Coley's toxin, Coley's vaccine, Coley vaccine, Coley's fluid or mixed bacterial vaccine) is a mixture containing toxins filtered from killed bacteria of species ''Streptococcus pyogenes'' and ''Serratia marcescens'', na ...

attracted heavy resistance from his rival and supervisor, Dr. James Ewing, who was an ardent supporter of radiation therapy for cancer. This rivalry and opposition to Dr. Coley leads to the disuse of immunotherapy for cancer, in favor of Dr. Ewing's preferred radiation therapy * 1939 American Dr.

Charles Huggins Charles Brenton Huggins (September 22, 1901 – January 12, 1997) was a Canadian-American physician, physiologist and cancer researcher at the University of Chicago specializing in prostate cancer. He was awarded the 1966 Nobel Prize for Physio ...

uses synthetic hormone therapy to treat prostate cancer * 1942 First chemotherapy drug

mustine Chlormethine (INN, BAN), also known as mechlorethamine (USAN, USP), mustine, HN2, and (in post-Soviet states) embikhin (эмбихин), is a nitrogen mustard sold under the brand name Mustargen among others. It is the prototype of alkylating age ...

used to treat cancer * 1947 American Dr.

Sidney Farber Sidney Farber (September 30, 1903 – March 30, 1973) was an American pediatric pathologist. He is regarded as the father of modern chemotherapy for his work using folic acid antagonists to combat leukemia, which led to the development of other c ...

induces brief remission in a patient with leukaemia with the antifolate drug

aminopterin Aminopterin (or 4-aminopteroic acid), the 4-amino derivative of folic acid, is an antineoplastic drug with immunosuppressive properties often used in chemotherapy. Aminopterin is a synthetic derivative of pterin. Aminopterin works as an enzyme in ...

(

methotrexate Methotrexate (MTX), formerly known as amethopterin, is a chemotherapy agent and immune-system suppressant. It is used to treat cancer, autoimmune diseases, and ectopic pregnancies. Types of cancers it is used for include breast cancer, leuke ...

) * 1949 US FDA approves

mechlorethamine Chlormethine (INN, BAN), also known as mechlorethamine ( USAN, USP), mustine, HN2, and (in post-Soviet states) embikhin (эмбихин), is a nitrogen mustard sold under the brand name Mustargen among others. It is the prototype of alkylating ag ...

, a

nitrogen mustard Nitrogen mustards are cytotoxic organic compounds with the chloroethylamine (Cl(CH2)2NR2) functional group. Although originally produced as chemical warfare agents, they were the first chemotherapeutic agents for treatment of cancer. Nitrogen ...

compound, for treatment of cancer * 1949

Oncolytic viruses An oncolytic virus is a virus that preferentially infects and kills cancer cells. As the infected cancer cells are destroyed by oncolysis, they release new infectious virus particles or virions to help destroy the remaining tumour. Oncolytic viru ...

began human clinical trials * 1951 Dr.

Jane C. Wright Jane Cooke Wright (also known as "Jane Jones") (November 20, 1919 – February 19, 2013) was a pioneering cancer researcher and surgeon noted for her contributions to chemotherapy. In particular, Wright is credited with developing the techniq ...

demonstrated the use of the antifolate,

in solid tumors, showing remission in breast cancer * 1950s Anti-cancer

anthracycline Anthracyclines are a class of drugs used in cancer chemotherapy that are extracted from ''Streptomyces'' bacterium. These compounds are used to treat many cancers, including leukemias, lymphomas, breast, stomach, uterine, ovarian, bladder ...

s isolated from the ''

Streptomyces peucetius ''Streptomyces peucetius'' is a bacterium species in the genus ''Streptomyces''. ''S. peucetius'' produces the anthracycline antitumor antibiotics daunorubicin and doxorubicin Doxorubicin, sold under the brand name Adriamycin among others, ...

'' bacteria. Anthracycline-based derivatives include:

daunorubicin Daunorubicin, also known as daunomycin, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer. Specifically it is used for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and Kaposi's sarcoma ...

doxorubicin Doxorubicin, sold under the brand name Adriamycin among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer. This includes breast cancer, bladder cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma, and acute lymphocytic leukemia. It is often used tog ...

amrubicin Amrubicin (INN; previously known as SM-5887) is an anthracycline used in the treatment of lung cancer. It is marketed in Japan since 2002 by Sumitomo under the brand name Calsed. Amrubicin acts by inhibiting topoisomerase II, and has been compar ...

idarubicin Idarubicin or 4-demethoxydaunorubicin is an anthracycline antileukemic drug. It inserts itself into DNA and prevents DNA unwinding by interfering with the enzyme topoisomerase II. It is an analog of daunorubicin, but the absence of a methoxy gro ...

* 1953 US FDA approves

Mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine (6-MP), sold under the brand name Purinethol among others, is a medication used for cancer and autoimmune diseases. Specifically it is used to treat acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), Crohn's dise ...

(6 MP), an immunosuppressive agent * 1956 Metastatic choriocarcinoma cancer is cured with the antifolate,

* 1956 First

bone marrow transplantation Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) is the transplantation of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells, usually derived from bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood in order to replicate inside of a patient and to produ ...

performed by

E. Donnall Thomas Edward Donnall "Don" Thomas (March 15, 1920 – October 20, 2012)Frederick R. Appelbaum.Perspective: E. Donnall Thomas (1920–2012) Science 338(6111):1163, 30 November 2012 was an American physician, professor emeritus at the University o ...

in order to treat

leukemia Leukemia ( also spelled leukaemia and pronounced ) is a group of blood cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal blood cells. These blood cells are not fully developed and are called ''blasts'' or ...

in one of two identical twins, the healthy twin being the donor * 1957 Introduction of

fluorouracil Fluorouracil (5-FU), sold under the brand name Adrucil among others, is a cytotoxic chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer. By intravenous injection it is used for treatment of colorectal cancer, oesophageal cancer, stomach cancer, pa ...

to treat colorectal, breast, stomach, and pancreatic cancers * 1957 Introduction of

interferon Interferons (IFNs, ) are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several viruses. In a typical scenario, a virus-infected cell will release interferons causing nearby cells to heighten t ...

to treat kidney, skin, and bladder cancer * 1958

Combination therapy Combination therapy or polytherapy is therapy that uses more than one medication or modality. Typically, the term refers to using multiple therapies to treat a ''single'' disease, and often all the therapies are pharmaceutical (although it can also ...

consisting of

6-mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine (6-MP), sold under the brand name Purinethol among others, is a medication used for cancer and autoimmune diseases. Specifically it is used to treat acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), Crohn's dise ...

and

results in a cure of leukaemia in a trial run in US hospitals * 1958 US FDA approves

cyclophosphamide Cyclophosphamide (CP), also known as cytophosphane among other names, is a medication used as chemotherapy and to immunosuppressant, suppress the immune system. As chemotherapy it is used to treat lymphoma, multiple myeloma, leukemia, ovarian can ...

for chemotherapy of cancer * 1960s Introduction of laser therapy in treatment of cancer * 1960 Invention of

tamoxifen Tamoxifen, sold under the brand name Nolvadex among others, is a selective estrogen receptor modulator used to prevent breast cancer in women and treat breast cancer in women and men. It is also being studied for other types of cancer. It has b ...

breast cancer

anti-estrogen Antiestrogens, also known as estrogen antagonists or estrogen blockers, are a class of drugs which prevent estrogens like estradiol from mediating their biological effects in the body. They act by blocking the estrogen receptor (ER) and/or inhi ...

( SERM)

hormonal therapy Hormone therapy or hormonal therapy is the use of hormones in medical treatment. Treatment with hormone antagonists may also be referred to as hormonal therapy or antihormone therapy. The most general classes of hormone therapy are oncologic horm ...

drug * 1961

Vincristine Vincristine, also known as leurocristine and marketed under the brand name Oncovin among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of types of cancer. This includes acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, Hodgkin' ...

, anti-cancer alkaloid, isolated from the

Madagascar periwinkle ''Catharanthus roseus'', commonly known as bright eyes, Cape periwinkle, graveyard plant, Madagascar periwinkle, old maid, pink periwinkle, rose periwinkle, is a species of flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae. It is native and endemic to M ...

plant * 1962 US FDA disapproves Dr. Coley's immunotherapy, making it illegal; radiation therapy remained the dominant treatment for cancer * 1963 US FDA approves

vincristine Vincristine, also known as leurocristine and marketed under the brand name Oncovin among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of types of cancer. This includes acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, Hodgkin' ...

(Oncovin) for chemotherapy of cancer * 1964 VAMP regimen

combination therapy Combination therapy or polytherapy is therapy that uses more than one medication or modality. Typically, the term refers to using multiple therapies to treat a ''single'' disease, and often all the therapies are pharmaceutical (although it can also ...

, consisting of:

amethopterin Methotrexate (MTX), formerly known as amethopterin, is a chemotherapy agent and immunosuppressive drug, immune-system suppressant. It is used to treat cancer, autoimmune diseases, and ectopic pregnancy, ectopic pregnancies. Types of cancers it ...

, and

prednisone Prednisone is a glucocorticoid medication mostly used to suppress the immune system and decrease inflammation in conditions such as asthma, COPD, and rheumatologic diseases. It is also used to treat high blood calcium due to cancer and adren ...

, induces long-term remissions in juvenile acute lymphoblastic leukemia * 1965 MOPP regimen

cures advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma, with the combination of: nitrogen mustard, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone * 1965 MOMP regimen

, consisting of:

, 6-MP, and

, induces long-term remissions in juvenile acute lymphoblastic leukemia * 1965 Latvian scientist

Aina Muceniece Aina Muceniece (23 March 1924 – 14 February 2010) was a Latvian people, Latvian Immunology, immunologist and founder of practical cancer virotherapy who discovered that an echovirus might be a useful treatment for melanoma. Life and work Ain ...

identifies

echovirus Echovirus is a polyphyletic group of viruses associated with enteric disease in humans. The name is derived from "enteric cytopathic human orphan virus". These viruses were originally not associated with disease, but many have since been identifie ...

as a potential agent for

oncolytic virotherapy An oncolytic virus is a virus that preferentially infects and kills cancer cells. As the infected cancer cells are destroyed by oncolysis, they release new infectious virus particles or virions to help destroy the remaining tumour. Oncolytic viru ...

, resulting in the development of

RIGVIR ECHO-7 (trade name Rigvir) is a wild type member of the echovirus group of viruses. It was formerly approved as a virotherapy medication by the State Agency of Medicines of the Republic of Latvia (2004–19). In March 2019, the distribution in ...

Muceniece A.J., Bumbieris J.V. 1982. Transplantation antigens and their changes in carcinogenesis and viral infection. In: Virusnyi onkoliz i iskusstvennaya geterogenizatsiya opukholei (Viral Oncolysis and Artificial Heterogenization of Tumors). Riga, pp. 217–234. * 1966

Taxol Paclitaxel (PTX), sold under the brand name Taxol among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of types of cancer. This includes ovarian cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, cervical canc ...

, anti-cancer compound, isolated from the

yew Yew is a common name given to various species of trees. It is most prominently given to any of various coniferous trees and shrubs in the genus ''Taxus'': * European yew or common yew (''Taxus baccata'') * Pacific yew or western yew (''Taxus b ...

plant * 1967

Camptothecin Camptothecin (CPT) is a topoisomerase inhibitor. It was discovered in 1966 by M. E. Wall and M. C. Wani in systematic screening of natural products for anticancer drugs. It was isolated from the bark and stem of '' Camptotheca acuminata'' (Campt ...

, anti-cancer compound, isolated from the ''

Camptotheca acuminata ''Camptotheca'' (happy tree, cancer tree, or tree of life) is a genus of medium-sized deciduous trees growing to tall, native to southern China and Tibet. The genus is usually included in the tupelo family Nyssaceae, but sometimes included (w ...

'', the Chinese Happy Tree, which was used as a cancer treatment in traditional Chinese medicine. It is the source of chemotherapy drugs:

topotecan Topotecan, sold under the brand name Hycamtin among others, is a chemotherapeutic agent medication that is a topoisomerase inhibitor. It is a synthetic, water-soluble analog of the natural chemical compound camptothecin. It is used in the for ...

and

irinotecan Irinotecan, sold under the brand name Camptosar among others, is a medication used to treat colon cancer, and small cell lung cancer. For colon cancer it is used either alone or with fluorouracil. For small cell lung cancer it is used with cispl ...

. * 1968 Japanese Dr. Tanaka pioneers the treatment of metastatic

breast cancer Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue. Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, milk rejection, fluid coming from the nipple, a newly inverted nipple, or ...

with

cryoablation Cryoablation is a process that uses extreme cold to destroy tissue. Cryoablation is performed using hollow needles (cryoprobes) through which cooled, thermally conductive, fluids are circulated. Cryoprobes are positioned adjacent to the target in ...

, resulting in prolonged survival * 1972 UK and other European countries approve

for breast cancer * 1972 American Dr.

Lawrence Einhorn Lawrence Einhorn is an American oncologist at Indiana University School of Medicine. A pioneer in cancer treatment research, Einhorn developed cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimens that increased cure rates while minimizing toxic side effects. Ov ...

cures metastatic testicular cancer with

cisplatin Cisplatin is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of cancers. These include testicular cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, head and neck cancer, esophageal cancer, lung cancer, mesothelio ...

* 1975 Invention of

monoclonal antibodies A monoclonal antibody (mAb, more rarely called moAb) is an antibody produced from a cell Lineage made by cloning a unique white blood cell. All subsequent antibodies derived this way trace back to a unique parent cell. Monoclonal antibodies ...

* 1975 American Dr. Einhorn shows

consisting of

cisplatinum Cisplatin is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of cancers. These include testicular cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, head and neck cancer, esophageal cancer, lung cancer, mesothelioma, brain ...

vinblastine Vinblastine (VBL), sold under the brand name Velban among others, is a chemotherapy medication, typically used with other medications, to treat a number of types of cancer. This includes Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-small cell lung cancer, bladder c ...

, and

bleomycin -13- (1''H''-imidazol-5-yl)methyl9-hydroxy-5- 1''R'')-1-hydroxyethyl8,10-dimethyl-4,7,12,15-tetraoxo-3,6,11,14-tetraazapentadec-1-yl}-2,4'-bi-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)carbonyl]amino}propyl)(dimethyl)sulfonium , chemical_formula = , C=55 , H=84 , N=1 ...

can cure 70% of advanced testicular cancer cases * 1975 C-MOPP regimen

, consisting of:

, and

, cured advanced diffuse large B-cell lymphoma * 1977 US FDA approves

for metastatic breast cancer only, not widely popular as chemotherapy remains first line of treatment * 1981 American Dr. Bernard Fisher (scientist), Bernard Fisher proves

lumpectomy Lumpectomy (sometimes known as a tylectomy, partial mastectomy, breast segmental resection or breast wide local excision) is a surgical removal of a discrete portion or "lump" of breast tissue, usually in the treatment of a malignant tumor or brea ...

is as effective as mastectomy for breast cancer * 1989 US FDA approves

Carboplatin Carboplatin, sold under the trade name Paraplatin among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of forms of cancer. This includes ovarian cancer, lung cancer, head and neck cancer, brain cancer, and neuroblastoma. It is used ...

, a derivative of

, for chemotherapy * 1990 US FDA approves

for major additional use to help prevent the recurrence of cancer in "node-negative" patients * 1990 China begins treating various cancers with

photodynamic therapy Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a form of phototherapy involving light and a photosensitizing chemical substance, used in conjunction with molecular oxygen to elicit cell death ( phototoxicity). PDT is popularly used in treating acne. It is used ...

* 1991 First

gene therapy Gene therapy is a medical field which focuses on the genetic modification of cells to produce a therapeutic effect or the treatment of disease by repairing or reconstructing defective genetic material. The first attempt at modifying human D ...

treatment of cancer (melanoma) * 1992 Invention of tyrosine-kinase inhibitor Imatinib * 1992 Invention of

Etacstil Etacstil (developmental code names GW-5638, DPC974) is an orally active, nonsteroidal, combined selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) that was developed for the treatment of estrogen receptor ...

breast cancer

( SERM/

SERD A selective estrogen receptor degrader or downregulator (SERD) is a type of drug which binds to the estrogen receptor (ER) and, in the process of doing so, causes the ER to be degraded and thus downregulated. They are used to treat estrogen rec ...

)

drug that overcomes hormone-therapy resistance * 1996 US FDA approves antiestrogen, aromatase inhibitor

Anastrozole Anastrozole, sold under the brand name Arimidex among others, is a medication used in addition to other treatments for breast cancer. Specifically it is used for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. It has also been used to prevent breast ca ...

for advanced breast cancer * 1996 Russia begins treating various cancers with

* 1997 First

monoclonal antibody A monoclonal antibody (mAb, more rarely called moAb) is an antibody produced from a cell Lineage made by cloning a unique white blood cell. All subsequent antibodies derived this way trace back to a unique parent cell. Monoclonal antibodies ...

Rituximab Rituximab, sold under the brand name Rituxan among others, is a monoclonal antibody medication used to treat certain autoimmune diseases and types of cancer. It is used for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (in non-geriatric p ...

, is licensed * 1997 Chinese doctors start treating uterine fibroids, liver cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, bone tumours, and renal cancer with ultrasound imaging-guided

High-intensity focused ultrasound High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a non-invasive therapeutic technique that uses non-ionizing ultrasonic waves to heat or ablate tissue. HIFU can be used to increase the flow of blood or lymph or to destroy tissue, such as tumors, vi ...

* 1998 Chinese doctors start treating breast, kidney, lung, liver, prostate and bone cancer with imaging-guided

* 1998 US FDA approves

herceptin Trastuzumab, sold under the brand name Herceptin among others, is a monoclonal antibody used to treat breast cancer and stomach cancer. It is specifically used for cancer that is HER2 receptor positive. It may be used by itself or together wi ...

, a

for HER2 metastatic breast cancer * 1998 US FDA approves

for the treatment of prostate cancer * 1998 US FDA approves Camptothecin-analogue

for chemotherapy of cancer * 1998 US FDA approves

to reduce breast cancer risk in high-risk patients * 1998 US FDA approves monoclonal antibody,

Trastuzumab Trastuzumab, sold under the brand name Herceptin among others, is a monoclonal antibody used to treat breast cancer and stomach cancer. It is specifically used for cancer that is HER2 receptor positive. It may be used by itself or together wi ...

for advanced HER-2 breast cancer * 1998 Imaging-guided

is approved for use in Europe for treatment of cancer

2000s

* 2001 UK NICE approves

taxol Paclitaxel (PTX), sold under the brand name Taxol among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of types of cancer. This includes ovarian cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, cervical canc ...

for chemotherapy of breast, ovarian, and non-small cell lung cancers * 2002 US FDA approves imatinib * 2002 The State Food and Drug Administration of China approves

Gendicine Gendicine is a recombinant adenovirus engineered to express wildtype- p53 (rAd-p53). This virus is designed to treat patients with tumors which have mutated p53 genes. __TOC__ History Gendicine is the first gene therapy product approved for cl ...

for cancer * 2002 Corporate takeover of Dupont by BMS resulted in abandoning

breast cancer

( SERM/

)

drug that overcomes hormone-therapy resistance * 2003 American Dr. Peter Littrup starts to treat early and metastatic

with

According to Littrup et al., who performed cryoablation of breast tumors in clinical stages I-IV with a multi-probe freeze approach, isotherms within cryozones can be accurately controlled and such cryoablation enables the destruction of much bigger lesions, up to 7 cm in diameter (15) * 2004

bevacizumab Bevacizumab, sold under the brand name Avastin among others, is a medication used to treat a number of types of cancers and a specific eye disease. For cancer, it is given by slow injection into a vein ( intravenous) and used for colon cancer, ...

, the first approved drug to inhibit blood vessel formation by tumours, is licensed * 2005 US FDA approves

for chemotherapy of breast, pancreatic, and non-small cell lung cancers * 2006 US FDA approves

* 2007 US FDA approves

sorafenib Sorafenib, sold under the brand name Nexavar, is a kinase inhibitor drug approved for the treatment of primary kidney cancer (advanced renal cell carcinoma), advanced primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma), FLT3-ITD positive AML and ra ...

* 2007 US FDA approves

camptothecin Camptothecin (CPT) is a topoisomerase inhibitor. It was discovered in 1966 by M. E. Wall and M. C. Wani in systematic screening of natural products for anticancer drugs. It was isolated from the bark and stem of '' Camptotheca acuminata'' (Campt ...

-analogue

for chemotherapy of cancer * 2010 US FDA approves immunotherapy,

sipuleucel-T Sipuleucel-T, sold under the brand name Provenge, developed by Dendreon Pharmaceuticals, LLC, is a cell-based cancer immunotherapy for prostate cancer (CaP). It is an autologous cellular immunotherapy. Medical uses Sipuleucel-T is indicated f ...

dendritic cell vaccine for advanced prostate cancer * 2010 China advances

cryoimmunotherapy Cryoimmunotherapy, also referred to as cryoimmunology, is an oncological treatment for various cancers that combines cryoablation of tumor with immunotherapy treatment. In-vivo cryoablation of a tumor, alone, can induce an immunostimulatory, system ...

to treat breast, kidney, lung, liver, prostate and bone cancer * 2011 US FDA approves monoclonal antibody,

Ipilimumab Ipilimumab, sold under the brand name Yervoy, is a monoclonal antibody medication that works to activate the immune system by targeting CTLA-4, a protein receptor that downregulates the immune system. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can recogniz ...

for advanced melanoma * 2011 Cuba develops and releases

CimaVax-EGF CimaVax-EGF is a vaccine used to treat cancer, specifically non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). CIMAvax-EGF is composed of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (EGF) conjugated to a protein carrier. The vaccine was developed by the Cen ...

, the first therapeutic cancer vaccine for lung cancer * 2012 Cuba develops and releases monoclonal antibody,

Racotumomab Racotumomab (trade name Vaxira) is a therapeutic cancer vaccine for the treatment of solid tumors that is currently under clinical development by Recombio, an international public-private consortium with the participation of the Center of Molecu ...

, the therapeutic cancer vaccine for lung cancer * 2015 US FDA approves anti-CDK4/6,

Palbociclib Palbociclib, sold under the brand name Ibrance among others, is a medication developed by Pfizer for the treatment of HR-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer. It is a selective inhibitor of the cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6. Pal ...

for advanced breast cancer * 2015 US FDA approves imaging-guided

for prostate cancer

References

{{reflist

External links

The Rise And Fall Of Modern Medicine

The Evolution of Drug Discovery: From Traditional Medicines to Modern Drugs

Chemotherapy

Treatment of Solid Tumor Cancers with the Chemotherapy Drug Methotrexate
Therapy Cancer Treatment Development

Ancient Era

Modern Era

1800s

1900s

2000s

See also

References

External links