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Tilman Sauer (born 1963) is a German theoretical physicist and historian of the natural sciences. He has an international reputation as an expert on the history of the development of general relativity theory.


Education and career

At the
Free University of Berlin The Free University of Berlin (, often abbreviated as FU Berlin or simply FU) is a public university, public research university in Berlin, Germany. It is consistently ranked among Germany's best universities, with particular strengths in poli ...
, Sauer received in 1990 his ''
Diplom A ''Diplom'' (, from grc, δίπλωμα ''diploma'') is an academic degree in the German-speaking countries Germany, Austria, and Switzerland and a similarly named degree in some other European countries including Albania, Bulgaria, Belaru ...
'' in theoretical physics and in 1994 his doctorate (''
Promotion Promotion may refer to: Marketing * Promotion (marketing), one of the four marketing mix elements, comprising any type of marketing communication used to inform or persuade target audiences of the relative merits of a product, service, brand or i ...
'') in theoretical physics. His doctoral dissertation is entitled ''Development and Application of Refined Path Monte Carlo Methods''. From 1991 to 1996 he was employed as a research scholar at Berlin's
Max Planck Institute for Human Development The Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development (Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung) is an internationally renowned social science research organization. Located in Berlin, it was initiated in 1961 and officially began operations in 1963 ...
. In 1996 from March to December he worked at Berlin's
Max Planck Institute for the History of Science The Max Planck Institute for the History of Science (German: Max-Planck-Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte) is a scientific research institute founded in March 1994. It is dedicated to addressing fundamental questions of the history of knowledg ...
. From 1997 to 1999 he worked for the project ''Hilbert-Edition'' at the
University of Göttingen The University of Göttingen, officially the Georg August University of Göttingen, (german: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, known informally as Georgia Augusta) is a public research university in the city of Göttingen, Germany. Founded i ...
's Institute for the History of Science. From 1999 to 2001 he was an assistant professor (''Hochschulassistent'') at the
University of Bern The University of Bern (german: Universität Bern, french: Université de Berne, la, Universitas Bernensis) is a university in the Swiss capital of Bern and was founded in 1834. It is regulated and financed by the Canton of Bern. It is a compreh ...
's Institute for the History of Science, where he eventually completed his
habilitation Habilitation is the highest university degree, or the procedure by which it is achieved, in many European countries. The candidate fulfills a university's set criteria of excellence in research, teaching and further education, usually including ...
in the history of science in 2008. From December 2008 to September 2015 he was a ''Privatdozent'' at the University of Bern. Sauer has held various academic appointments in the history department at
Caltech The California Institute of Technology (branded as Caltech or CIT)The university itself only spells its short form as "Caltech"; the institution considers other spellings such a"Cal Tech" and "CalTech" incorrect. The institute is also occasional ...
since 2001. For the academic year 2010–2011 at the University of Bern, he held an interim chair (''Lehrstuhlvertretung'') for the history and philosophy of science. At the
University of Mainz The Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (german: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz) is a public research university in Mainz, Rhineland Palatinate, Germany, named after the printer Johannes Gutenberg since 1946. With approximately 32,000 stu ...
, he has been, since 2015, a professor for the history of mathematics and natural sciences. Sauer has done much research on the history of
general relativity General relativity, also known as the general theory of relativity and Einstein's theory of gravity, is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915 and is the current description of gravitation in modern physics. ...
(GR) in the scientific work of
Albert Einstein Albert Einstein ( ; ; 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist, widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest and most influential physicists of all time. Einstein is best known for developing the theor ...
and co-edited for the
Einstein Papers Project The Einstein Papers Project (EPP) produces the historical edition of the writings and correspondence of Albert Einstein. The EPP collects, transcribes, translates, annotates, and publishes materials from Einstein's literary estate and a multitude ...
volumes 9 through 14 and also volume 16. He was a contributing editor for volume 4. Specifically, he edited the scientific manuscripts on GR and unified field theory. With
Jürgen Renn Jürgen Renn (born 11 July 1956 in Moers, West Germany) is a German historian of science, and since 1994 Director at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin. Short biography Renn studied physics at the Free University of B ...
, Sauer investigated and published Einstein's 1912 Zurich notebook, which is important for the history of the emergence of GR. Einstein seems to have delayed until 1936 publishing an important idea he had in 1912. Renn and Sauer explicated the role that Rudi W. Mandl played in urging Einstein to publish on
gravitational lensing A gravitational lens is a distribution of matter (such as a cluster of galaxies) between a distant light source and an observer that is capable of bending the light from the source as the light travels toward the observer. This effect is known ...
. Sauer also researched David Hilbert's contributions to the early history of GR and the Hilbert-Einstein priority dispute and Hilbert's program on the foundations of physics. The priority dispute is, among other things, about the question of what is written on a missing page of a
page proof In printing and publishing, proofs are the preliminary versions of publications meant for review by authors, editors, and proofreaders, often with extra-wide margins. Galley proofs may be uncut and unbound, or in some cases electronically tran ...
of Hilbert's paper — Sauer is of the opinion that the complete Einstein field equations were not found by Hilbert. Sauer's research also includes, among other topics, the history of
Richard Feynman Richard Phillips Feynman (; May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988) was an American theoretical physicist, known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, the physics of the superf ...
's research and the development of the theory of path integrals. In 2016 Sauer gave the historical lecture ''„Ich bewundere die Eleganz Ihrer Rechnungsweise“ - Einstein und die Mathematik'' (I admire the elegance of your calculations — Einstein and mathematics), which was part of the events accompanying the
Euler Lecture The Euler Lecture (''Euler-Vorlesung in Sanssouci'') is a mathematics lecture given at an annual event at the University of Potsdam (''Universität Potsdam''). The event, initiated in 1993, is organized by the ''Universität Potsdam, Institut for Ma ...
.


Selected publications


Articles

* *
''Einsteins Züricher Notizbuch'', Preprint MPI Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Berlin
*


Book chapters

* *
Chapter. ''Heuristics and Mathematical Representation in Einstein's Search for a Gravitational Field Equation''
by Jürgen Renn and Tilman Sauer, pages 87–126 * ** Chapter
''Errors and insights: reconstructing the genesis of general relativity from Einstein's Zürich notebook''
by Jürgen Renn and Tilman Sauer, pages 253–268 * ** Book Chapter. ''Albert Einstein's 1916 Review Article on General Relativity'' by Tilman Sauer, pages 802–822.
arXiv preprint
* ;
table of contents
** Chapter. ''Einstein's Zürich Notebook. Introduction and Source. Introduction to Volumes 1 and 2: The Zurich Notebook and the Genesis of General Relativity'' by Michel Janssen, John D. Norton, Jürgen Renn, Tilman Sauer, and John Stachel, pages 7–20 ** Chapter. ''Pathways Out of Classical Physics: Einstein's Double Strategy in his Search for the Gravitational Field Equation'' by Jürgen Renn and Tilman Sauer, pages 113–312 *
table of contents
** Chapter. ''A Commentary on the Notes on Gravity in the Zurich Notebook'' by Michel Janssen, Jürgen Renn, Tilman Sauer, John D. Norton, and John Stachel, pages 489–714


Books

* * * * *


References


External links

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Sauer, Tilman 1963 births Living people German historians of science 20th-century German historians 21st-century German historians 20th-century German physicists 21st-century German physicists Free University of Berlin alumni University of Bern alumni Academic staff of the University of Bern California Institute of Technology people Academic staff of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz