''Tianyi bao'' (

Chinese Chinese may refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people identified with China, through nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **Han Chinese, East Asian ethnic group native to China. **'' Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic ...

: 天義報; ''Journal of Natural Justice'') was an anarcho-feminist magazine which was published in

Tokyo Tokyo, officially the Tokyo Metropolis, is the capital of Japan, capital and List of cities in Japan, most populous city in Japan. With a population of over 14 million in the city proper in 2023, it is List of largest cities, one of the most ...

, Japan, for two years between 1907 and 1908. It was started by the Chinese exiles and closed down by the

Government of Japan The Government of Japan is the central government of Japan. It consists of legislative, executive (government), executive and judiciary branches and functions under the framework established by the Constitution of Japan. Japan is a unitary st ...

History and profile

''Tianyi bao'' was established in Tokyo by

Liu Shipei Liu Shipei ( zh, t= 劉師培; 24 June 1884 – 20 December 1919) was a philologist, Chinese anarchist, and revolutionary activist. While he and his wife, He Zhen were in exile in Japan he became a fervent nationalist. He then saw the doctrin ...

and He Zen in 1907. The magazine featured articles written by a group of anarchists which is called the Tokyo anarchists, including Jing Meijiu. In contrast to the westernized Chinese anarchists in

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...

this group much more firmly criticized

imperialism Imperialism is the maintaining and extending of Power (international relations), power over foreign nations, particularly through expansionism, employing both hard power (military and economic power) and soft power (diplomatic power and cultura ...

and

Western culture Western culture, also known as Western civilization, European civilization, Occidental culture, Western society, or simply the West, refers to the Cultural heritage, internally diverse culture of the Western world. The term "Western" encompas ...

and supported feminism. They also adopted the views of

Peter Kropotkin Pyotr Alexeyevich Kropotkin (9 December 1842 – 8 February 1921) was a Russian anarchist and geographer known as a proponent of anarchist communism. Born into an aristocratic land-owning family, Kropotkin attended the Page Corps and later s ...

concerning the fusion of agriculture and industry in social organization and of mental and manual labor. The articles by He Zhen were mostly about her feminist project, and she argued that their goal was to destroy the old society and practice human equality. She supported not only women's revolution, but also racial, political and economic revolutions in her writings. The magazine occasionally employed

Esperanto Esperanto (, ) is the world's most widely spoken Constructed language, constructed international auxiliary language. Created by L. L. Zamenhof in 1887 to be 'the International Language' (), it is intended to be a universal second language for ...

, for instance, in the title of a photo of the French anarchist

Élisée Reclus Jacques Élisée Reclus (; 15 March 18304 July 1905) was a French geographer, writer and anarchist. He produced his 19-volume masterwork, ''La Nouvelle Géographie universelle, la terre et les hommes'' ("Universal Geography"), over a period of ...

, and published the Esperanto anthem by

L. L. Zamenhof L. L. Zamenhof (15 December 185914 April 1917) was the creator of Esperanto, the most widely used constructed language, constructed international auxiliary language. Zamenhof published Esperanto in 1887, although his initial ideas date back as ...

. Liu Shipei also published an article about Esperanto. ''Tianyi bao'' was banned by the Japanese authorities and ceased publication in 1908 immediately following the publication of a translation of the

Communist Manifesto ''The Communist Manifesto'' (), originally the ''Manifesto of the Communist Party'' (), is a political pamphlet written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, commissioned by the Communist League and originally published in London in 1848. The t ...

in January 1908. It was succeeded by another anarchist publication entitled ''Hengbao''.

References

1907 establishments in Japan 1908 disestablishments in Japan Anarchist periodicals Banned magazines Censorship in Japan Defunct Chinese-language magazines Defunct communist magazines Defunct political magazines published in Japan Defunct feminist magazines Magazines established in 1907 Magazines disestablished in 1908 Magazines published in Tokyo {{Japan-newspaper-stub