Thuwaini bin Said al-Busaidi (, ) (1821–1866) was Sultan of

Muscat and Oman The Sultanate of Muscat and Oman (), also known briefly as the State of Muscat and Oman () during the rule of Taimur bin Feisal, was a sovereign state that encompassed the present-day Sultanate of Oman and parts of present-day United Arab Emir ...

(19 October 1856 – 11 February 1866) and the third son of

Said bin Sultan Sayyid Saïd bin Sultan al-Busaidi (, , ) (5 June 1791 – 19 October 1856) was Sultan of Muscat and Oman, the fifth ruler of the Al Bu Said dynasty from 1804 to 4 June 1856. His rule began after a period of conflict and internecine rivalry of su ...

. Thuwaini was born in Oman, and never visited Zanzibar. When his father was away in Zanzibar, Thuwaini was his representative in Oman. Thuwaini was married to his cousin ''Ralie'' (Sayyida Ghaliya bint Salim Al-Busaidiyah), daughter of his father's elder brother Salim Ibn Sultan. They had several children. After the death of Said bin Sultan on Zanzibar in 1856, Thuwaini became Sultan of Muscat and Oman, while his brother, the sixth son, Majid, took power on Zanzibar. Through British mediation, it was agreed that Majid should pay a yearly tribute to Oman. However, Majid paid this tribute for only a few years, and when he stopped, Thuwaini was in no position to enforce payment from the much wealthier Zanzibar. This left Muscat and Oman in a difficult financial situation. Thuwaini was forced to levy duties on various articles, creating malcontent. In 1866 he was rumored to have been killed by his own son, Sayyid Salim bin Thuwaini. The Arabist scholar and traveller William Gifford Palgrave relates how, when they were shipwrecked in March 1863 on Sowadah Island just off Oman, they were very well received and treated by Thuwaini.

References

* Emily Ruete, Ulrich Haarmann (Editor), E. Van Donzel (Editor), Leiden, Netherlands, (1992): ''An Arabian Princess Between Two Worlds: Memoirs, Letters Home, Sequels to the Memoirs, Syrian Customs and Usages.'' * Palgrave, W. G. (1866):
Personal Narrative of a Year's Journey through Central and Eastern Arabia (1862–1863)
', Vol. II, (full text available online, also reprinted many times) 1821 births 1866 deaths 19th-century Omani people Al Said dynasty Sons of Omani sultans Sultans of Oman {{MEast-royal-stub