Thomas Rymer (c. 1643 – 14 December 1713) was an English poet, literary critic, antiquary and historiographer. His lasting contribution was to compile and publish under royal warrant the 17 volumes (the last two posthumously) of the first edition of ''Foedera'', a work conveying treaties between

The Crown The Crown is a political concept used in Commonwealth realms. Depending on the context used, it generally refers to the entirety of the State (polity), state (or in federal realms, the relevant level of government in that state), the executive ...

of England and foreign powers from 1101 to 1625. Rymer held the office of English Historiographer Royal from 1692 until his death in 1713, which allowed him access to the historical documents published in ''Foedera'' and held in the

Tower of London The Tower of London, officially His Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic citadel and castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London, England. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamle ...

and elsewhere. He is credited with coining the phrase "

poetic justice Poetic justice, also called poetic irony, is a literary device with which ultimately virtue is rewarded and misdeeds are punished. In modern literature, it is often accompanied by an ironic twist of fate related to the character's own action, h ...

" in ''The Tragedies of the Last Age Consider'd'' (1678).

Life

Early life and education

Thomas Rymer was born at Appleton Wiske, near Northallerton in the

North Riding of Yorkshire The North Riding of Yorkshire was a subdivision of Yorkshire, England, alongside York, the East Riding and West Riding. The riding's highest point was at Mickle Fell at . From the Restoration it was used as a lieutenancy area, having b ...

in 1643, or possibly at Yafforth. He was the younger son of Ralph Rymer,

lord of the manor Lord of the manor is a title that, in Anglo-Saxon England and Norman England, referred to the landholder of a historical rural estate. The titles date to the English Feudalism, feudal (specifically English feudal barony, baronial) system. The ...

of Brafferton in Yorkshire, said by Clarendon to possess a good estate. The son studied at Northallerton Grammar School, where he was a classmate of

George Hickes George Hickes may refer to: * George Hickes (divine) (1642–1715), English divine and scholar * George Hickes (Manitoba politician) (born 1946), Canadian politician * George Hickes (Nunavut politician) (born 1968/69), Canadian politician, son of t ...

. There he studied for eight years under Thomas Smelt, a noted Royalist. Aged 16, he went to study at

Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge Sidney Sussex College (historically known as "Sussex College" and today referred to informally as "Sidney") is a Colleges of the University of Cambridge, constituent college of the University of Cambridge in England. The College was founded in 1 ...

, matriculating on 29 April 1659. Although Rymer was still at Cambridge in 1662 when he contributed Latin verses to a university volume to mark the marriage of Charles II and

Catherine of Braganza Catherine of Braganza (; 25 November 1638 – 31 December 1705) was List of English royal consorts, Queen of England, List of Scottish royal consorts, Scotland and Ireland during her marriage to Charles II of England, King Charles II, which la ...

, there is no record of his taking a degree. This may have been due to financial problems his father was suffering at the time, or to his father's arrest on 13 October 1663 — he was executed the following year for involvement in the Farnley Wood Plot, an intended uprising in Yorkshire against Charles II. Although Thomas's elder brother Ralph was also arrested and imprisoned, Thomas was not implicated. On 2 May 1666 he became a member of

Gray's Inn The Honourable Society of Gray's Inn, commonly known as Gray's Inn, is one of the four Inns of Court (professional associations for barristers and judges) in London. To be called to the bar in order to practise as a barrister in England and Wale ...

. He was

called to the bar The call to the bar is a legal term of art in most common law jurisdictions where persons must be qualified to be allowed to argue in court on behalf of another party and are then said to have been "called to the bar" or to have received "call to ...

on 16 June 1673.

Literary career

From 1674 to 1693 Rymer published a variety of works. He wrote a play; made a number of English translations of Latin authors, especially the poetry of

Ovid Publius Ovidius Naso (; 20 March 43 BC – AD 17/18), known in English as Ovid ( ), was a Augustan literature (ancient Rome), Roman poet who lived during the reign of Augustus. He was a younger contemporary of Virgil and Horace, with whom he i ...

; contributed prefaces in Latin and English to editions of works by various authors, including

Thomas Hobbes Thomas Hobbes ( ; 5 April 1588 – 4 December 1679) was an English philosopher, best known for his 1651 book ''Leviathan (Hobbes book), Leviathan'', in which he expounds an influential formulation of social contract theory. He is considered t ...

; wrote political tracts; and published literary criticism, notably against Shakespeare. These are all discussed in the § Literary works section below.

Historiographer

On the death of

Thomas Shadwell Thomas Shadwell ( – 19 November 1692) was an English poet and playwright who was appointed Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom, Poet Laureate in 1689. Life Shadwell was born at either Bromehill Farm, Weeting-with-Broomhill or Santon House, Ly ...

in 1692, Rymer was appointed Historiographer Royal at a yearly salary of £200. Under a royal warrant of 1693 and working with original documents dating back to the 12th century, many held in the

, for the rest of his life he collated and published ( 'pacts' or 'alliances'), a collection of treaties made between the English Crown and foreign European powers. The publication history of its 17 volumes (1704–1717) is somewhat involved, complicated by Rymer's death in 1713. See '' § Foedera'' below.

Death

Rymer died on 14 December 1713 and was buried four days later in St Clement Danes' Church in the Strand in London. He appears not to have left any immediate family.

Works

Literary works

Rymer's first appearance in print was as translator of René Rapin's ''Reflections on

Aristotle Aristotle (; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosophy, Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath. His writings cover a broad range of subjects spanning the natural sciences, philosophy, linguistics, economics, politics, psychology, a ...

's Treatise of Poesie'' (1674), to which he added a preface in defence of the classic rules for unity in drama. Following the principles set there, he composed a verse tragedy licensed on 13 September 1677, called ''Edgar, or the English Monarch'', which failed. It was printed in 1678, with a second edition in 1693. Rymer's views on drama were again given to the world in a printed letter to Fleetwood Shepheard, a friend of Matthew Prior, entitled ''The Tragedies of the Last Age Consider'd'' (1678). Here, in discussing '' Rollo Duke of Normandy'' by John Fletcher, Philip Massinger,

Ben Jonson Benjamin Jonson ( 11 June 1572 – ) was an English playwright, poet and actor. Jonson's artistry exerted a lasting influence on English poetry and stage comedy. He popularised the comedy of humours; he is best known for the satire, satirical ...

, and

George Chapman George Chapman ( – 12 May 1634) was an English dramatist, translator and poet. He was a classical scholar whose work shows the influence of Stoicism. Chapman is seen as an anticipator of the metaphysical poets of the 17th century. He is ...

, Rymer coined the term " poetical justice". To

's ''Epistles Translated by Several Hands'' (1680), prefaced by Dryden, Rymer contributed ''Penelope to Ulysses''. He was also one of those who Englished the so-called ''Dryden's

Plutarch Plutarch (; , ''Ploútarchos'', ; – 120s) was a Greek Middle Platonist philosopher, historian, biographer, essayist, and priest at the Temple of Apollo (Delphi), Temple of Apollo in Delphi. He is known primarily for his ''Parallel Lives'', ...

'' of 1683–1686 (5 vols.): the life of Nicias fell to his share. Rymer wrote a preface to Whitelocke's ''Memorials of English Affairs'' (1682), and in 1681 ''A General Draught and Prospect of the Government of Europe'', reprinted in 1689 and 1714 as ''Of the Antiquity, Power, and Decay of Parliaments'', where ignorant of a future dignity that would be his, he had the misfortune to observe, "You are not to expect truth from an historiographer royal." Tomb of Edmund Waller-geograph

Rymer contributed three pieces to the collection of ''Poems to the Memory of Edmund Waller'' (1688) (afterwards reprinted in Dryden's ''

Miscellany A miscellany (, ) is a collection of various pieces of writing by different authors. Meaning a mixture, medley, or assortment, a miscellany can include pieces on many subjects and in a variety of different forms. In contrast to anthologies, w ...

Poems''), and wrote the Latin inscription on all four sides of Edmund Waller's monument in

Beaconsfield Beaconsfield ( ) is a market town and Civil parishes in England, civil parish in Buckinghamshire, England, northwest of central London and southeast of Aylesbury. Three other towns are within : Gerrards Cross, Amersham and High Wycombe. The ...

churchyard. The preface ("Lectori salutem") to the posthumous ''Historia Ecclesiastica'' (1688) of

seems to have been written by Rymer. An English translation appeared in 1722. The ''Life of Hobbes'' (1681), sometimes ascribed to him, was written by Richard Blackburne. He produced a congratulatory poem on the arrival of Queen Mary in Westminster with William III on 12 February 1689. Rymer's next piece of authorship was to translate the sixth elegy of the third book of Ovid's ''Tristia'' for Dryden's ''Poetical Miscellanies''. The only version to contain Rymer's rendering seems to be the second edition of the second part of the ''Miscellanies'', subtitled ''Silvae'' (1692). Shortly after Rymer's appintment as Historiographer Royal in 1692, there appeared his much-discussed ''A Short View of Tragedy'' (1693), criticising

Shakespeare William Shakespeare ( 23 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's natio ...

and

, which gave rise to ''The Impartial Critick'' (1693) of John Dennis, the epigram of Dryden.

''Foedera''

First edition

Rymer's lasting contribution to scholarship was the ( abbr. ), a collection of "all the leagues, treaties, alliances, capitulations, and confederacies, which have at any time been made between the Crown of England and any other kingdoms, princes and states." Begun under a royal warrant in 1693, it was "an immense labour of research and transcription on which he spent the last twenty years of his life". Documents were presented in their original Latin. Sir

Thomas Duffus Hardy Sir Thomas Duffus Hardy (22 May 1804 – 15 June 1878) was an English archivist and antiquary, who served as Deputy Keeper of the Public Record Office from 1861 to 1878. Life Hardy was the third son of Major Thomas Bartholomew Price Hardy, fro ...

's later ''Syllabus'' (1869-1885) provided summaries in English, despite the multiple incorrect assertions of certain websites. During his last two decades Rymer prepared for the press the text of vols. 1 through 15, most of vol. 16, and some of vol. 17, but only lived to see the publication of vols. 1 though 15, with printing of the latter, according to Sir

, "finished on the 25th of August 1713, about four months before the death of Rymer" These fifteen volumes of the 1st edition which Rymer saw to publication covered the period from May 1101 ( Henry I) up to July 1586, half-way through the reign of

Elizabeth I Elizabeth I (7 September 153324 March 1603) was List of English monarchs, Queen of England and List of Irish monarchs, Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. She was the last and longest reigning monarch of the House of Tudo ...

. He was assisted by Robert Sanderson, who completed and published by 1717 the material of Rymer's two unfinished volumes covering the period up to 1625 (death of James I), including an index to the whole work of which it was written, "nothing can well be more inconvenient". Sanderson, working on his own account (i.e. unsanctioned by a Royal warrant), published in the same format three further volumes (vols. 18–20, pub. 1731–1735) of lesser quality, dealing with domestic history rather than foreign affairs. Hardy does not consider them to be properly part of Rymer's 1st edition. Hardy is highly critical of these last three volumes, saying that only about a quarter of the articles deserve to be there. Sanderson added some extraneous material which, according to Hardy, change the whole focus of the work: "Instead of a ''Foedera'' he has rather produced a new work in the shape of materials for our domestic history, in which foreign affairs are slightly intermingled." ''

The Gentleman's Magazine ''The Gentleman's Magazine'' was a monthly magazine founded in London, England, by Edward Cave in January 1731. It ran uninterrupted for almost 200 years, until 1907, ceasing publication altogether in 1922. It was the first to use the term ''m ...

'' of Edinburgh in 1834 described Sanderson's contributions as "the last three being supplementary."

Later editions

The following section contains a general outline of the complex and involved publication history of further editions of the ''Foedera''. George Holmes Vertue

George Holmes, clerk to Sir William Petyt, Keeper of the Records in the Tower of London revised the first 17 volumes in a 2nd edition (pub. 1727–1735), and also published a single

folio The term "folio" () has three interconnected but distinct meanings in the world of books and printing: first, it is a term for a common method of arranging Paper size, sheets of paper into book form, folding the sheet only once, and a term for ...

in 1730 of corrections or 'Amendations' to the first edition only. Hardy states that Holmes was employed by the publisher of the first edition, Jacob Tonson, from p. 112 of Vol. 1, up to the end of Vol. 12 only; and that the subsequent third edition is essentially an edited reprint of the 17 vols. of the 2nd edition, plus Sanderson's last 3 volumes unredacted. A re-set and newly edited 3rd ("Hague") edition (10 vols. in two-column format, pub. 1737–1745, including Sanderson's 'supplemental' volumes 18-20), was published and possibly edited by John Neaulme in

The Hague The Hague ( ) is the capital city of the South Holland province of the Netherlands. With a population of over half a million, it is the third-largest city in the Netherlands. Situated on the west coast facing the North Sea, The Hague is the c ...

, in "ten closely-printed folio volumes". The first nine reprinted the 2nd edition by Holmes, with the tenth combining the French-language synopses () of Vols. 1–17 by Jean Le Clerc and Paul de Rapin, which had appeared soon after the English publication of each successive volume, with a new index to this edition of the ''Foedera''. Rapin's abridgements of Vols. II–XIX (but not I or XX) had been earlier translated into English in 1733. The Record Commission in 1800 proposed a "Supplement and Continuation" to the ''Foedera''; in 1809 it decided instead to make a complete revision, the 4th ("Record") edition. Seven parts were prepared before the project was abandoned after the Commissioners became dissatisfied with the editing of Dr. Adam Clarke and others. Six parts in three volumes were published from 1816 to 1830 and the seventh in 1869, along with miscellaneous notes. ''Foedera'' was thus seemingly revised up to the year 1383, but this edition has attracted considerable criticism. A three-volume English-language summary and index (''Syllabus'') to the 1st, 3rd and 4th editions of ''Foedera'' was published by Sir

in 1869–1885. In the introduction to his second volume, Hardy was highly critical of Clarke who, although an industrious biblical and oriental scholar, was utterly unskilled in diplomacy or palaeography, and lacking any profound acquaintance with the English historical and antiquarian literature. Hardy prints a short list of 50 errors he randomly found in Clarke's edition. He spends ten whole pages berating the editors of the Record edition for both what they included and what they omitted, especially for copying from printed sources and not consulting original MS, even though they were easily available and to hand. Hardy also blames Clarke for criticising Rymer and Holmes, although Clarke proceeded to commit the same sort of faults himself. The ''Gentleman's Magazine'' of July 1834 also notes that although Clarke was a distinguished orientalist himself, the sole entry in Arabic in the 4th edition has a mistake. Despite Hardy's extensive condemnation of the editors and publications of the Record Commission, backed up by multiple examples of their errors, the

Victoria County History The Victoria History of the Counties of England, commonly known as the Victoria County History (VCH), is an English history project which began in 1899 with the aim of creating an encyclopaedic history of each of the historic counties of Englan ...

recommends citing the Record Commission (RC) edition where available and the Hague edition otherwise. All the editions thus suffer from various defects, and no complete and correct revision has been published as of 2024. Hardy had intended in his ''Syllabus'' to correct not only all the errors in Clarke, but in the whole of the first three editions as well: but this proved to be beyond him, faced with a vast array of material. Hardy's work is probably the most reliable guide to the ''Foedera'', but even confirming a single fact can involve checking multiple sources of the various editions of the ''Foedera'' and their indexes, along with Holmes's 'Emendations' and his own copy of the 1st edition, against Hardy's ''Syllabus'' and its own index, and also his list of errata.

References

;Notes ;Citations ;Bibliography * * {{cite journal , last=Bracken , first=James K. , title=Evidence of George Holmes's Corrections to the First Edition of the Foedera (1704-17) , journal=Analytical & Enumerative Bibliography , year=2000 , volume=1 , pages=114-123 , issn=0161-0376 , place=DeKalb, Ill. , publisher=The Bibliographical Society of Northern Illinois , url=https://kb.osu.edu/bitstream/handle/1811/48688/1/BrackenJamesK_AnalyticalandEnumerativeBibliography_2000_v11_p114-23.pdf *{{Cite book , editor1-last=Day , editor1-first=Gary , editor2-last=Lynch , editor2-first=Jack , title=The Encyclopedia of British Literature, 3 Volume Set: 1660 - 1789 , series=Volume 7 of Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Literature , publisher=John Wiley & Sons , year=2015 , isbn=978-1-4443-3020-5 , url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ThBhBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1059 *{{Cite book , last=Dennis , first=John , author-link=John Dennis (dramatist) , editor-last=Spingarn , editor-first=Joel Elias , chapter=The Impartial Critick , title=Critical Essays of the Seventeenth Century, Vol. III: 1685–1700 , place=Oxford , publisher=Clarendon Press , year=1909 , orig-date=1693 , chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/criticalessaysof03spinuoft/page/148 *{{Cite book , last=Dryden , first=John , title=Miscellany poems: in two parts: containing new translations out of Virgil, Lucretius, Horace, Ovid, Theocritus, and other authours: with several original poems by the most eminent hands , place=London , publisher=Printed for Jacob Tonson and are to be sold by Joseph Hindmarsh ... , year=1692 , oclc=606595097 , edition=2nd , url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/miscellany-poems-in-two-parts-containing-new-translations-out-of-virgil-lucretius-horace-ovid-theocritus-and-other-authours-with-several-original-poems-by-the-most-eminent-hands/oclc/606595097 *{{Cite book , editor-last=Dryden , editor-first=John , title=The First Part of Miscellany Poems. Containing Variety of New Translations of the Ancient Poets: Together with Several Original Poems, By the Most Eminent Hands , year=1716 , edition=4th , place=London , publisher=Mr. Dryden , url=https://archive.org/details/miscellanypoems01dryd/page/n7 *{{Cite book , editor-last=Hardy , editor-first=Thomas Duffus , editor-link=Thomas Duffus Hardy , title=Syllabus (in English) of the documents relating to England and other kingdoms contained in the collection known as "Rymer's Foedera": Vol. 1 1066–1377 , place=London , publisher=Longmans, Green & Co. , year=1869 , url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924007439213 *{{Cite book , editor-last=Hardy , editor-first=Thomas Duffus , title=Syllabus (in English) of the documents relating to England and other kingdoms contained in the collection known as "Rymer's Foedera": Vol. 2 1377–1654 , place=London , publisher=Longman & Co., and Trübner & Co. , year=1873 , url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924007439221 *{{Cite book , editor-last=Hardy , editor-first=Thomas Duffus , title=Syllabus (in English) of the documents relating to England and other kingdoms contained in the collection known as "Rymer's Foedera": Vol. 3 Appendix and Index , place=London , publisher=Longman & Co., and Trübner & Co. , year=1885 , url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k96034k (also as downloadable pdf) *{{Cite book , last1=Hobbes , first1=Thomas , editor-last=Rymer , editor-first=Thomas , title=A True Ecclesiastical History, from Moses to the time of Martin Luther, in Verse. Made English from the Latin original , series=Historia ecclesiastica, carmine elegiaco concinnata , translator=John Rooke , place=London , publisher=Printed for E. Curll , year=1722 , hdl=2027/njp.32101073248617 *{{Cite book , editor-last=Molesworth , editor-first=William , editor-link=Sir William Molesworth, 8th Baronet , title=Thomae Hobbes Malmesburiensis Opera philosophica quae latine scripsit omnia: in unum corpus nunc primum collecta / studio et labore Gulielmi Molesworth, Vol. 5 , series=(5 vols) , language=en,la , year=1845 , url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WuMQAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA342 *{{Cite book , last=Oppenheimer , first=Carl H. , title=The Carl H. Pforzheimer Library. 3. , place=New York , publisher=Privately Printed , year=1940 *{{Cite book , last1=Plutarch , author1-link=Plutarch , translator=Thomas Rymer , chapter=Nicias , title=The third volume of Plutarch's lives. Translated from the Greek, by several hands , others=(Early English Books Online – text only) , place=London , publisher=Printed by R. E. for Jacob Tonson, at the Judges Head in Chancery-Lane, near Fleet-street , year=1693 , chapter-url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=eebo;idno=A55202.0001.001 *{{Cite book , last=Rapin , first=René , others=Rymer, Thomas (trans.) , title=Reflections on Aristotle's treatise of poesie containing the necessary, rational, and universal rules for epick, dramatick, and the other sorts of poetry: with reflections on the works of the ancient and modern poets, and their faults noted , year=1674 , place=London , publisher=Licensed by Roger L'Estrange. Printed by T. N. for H. Herringman, at the Anchor in the Lower Walk of the New Exchange , url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=eebo;idno=A58068.0001.001 *{{Cite journal , last=Reedy , first=Gerard , title=Rymer and History , journal=Clio , volume=7 , issue=3 , year=1978 , pages=409–22 *{{Cite book , last=Riordan , first=Michael , title=From Middle Ages to Millennium: Northallerton Grammar School and College 1322–2000 , publisher=County Print , year=2000 , isbn=1-86123-103-2 *{{Cite book , last=Rymer , first=Thomas , title=The Tragedies of The Last Age Consider'd and Examin'd by the Practice of the Ancients, and by the Common Sense of all Ages , year=1678 , place=London , publisher=Printed for Richard Tonson at his Shop under Grays-Inn Gate, next Grays-Inn Lane , series=(Early English Books Online – text only) , url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=eebo;idno=A58024.0001.001 *{{Cite book , editor-last=Rymer , editor-first=Thomas , title=Poems to the memory of that incomparable poet Edmond Waller Esquire by several hands , series=(Early English Books Online – text only) , place=London , publisher=Printed for Ioseph Knight, and Francis Saunders, at the Blew Anchor, in the lower Walk of the New Exchange , year=1688 , url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A55279.0001.001?rgn=main;view=fulltext *{{Cite book , last=Rymer , first=Thomas , chapter=Preface , title=Historia ecclesiastica carmine elegiaco concinnata Authore, Thoma Hobbio Malmesburiensi , editor-last=Hobbes , editor-first=Thomas , language=la , place=Augustae Trinobantum (London) , year=1688a , series=(Early English Books Online – text only) , chapter-url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A43989.0001.001/1:2?rgn=div1;view=fulltext *{{Cite book , last=Rymer , first=Thomas , title=A Poem on the Arrival of Queen Mary, February the 12th, 1689 , year=1689 , place=London , publisher=Printed for Awnsham Churchil, at the Black Swan at Amen Corner , series=Early English Books Online , url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A58020.0001.001?rgn=main;view=fulltext *{{Cite book , last=Rymer , first=Thomas , chapter=The Epitaph on Mr. WALLER'S Monument in Beconsfield Church-yard in Buckinghamshire: written by Mr. Rymer, late Historiographer-Royal , title=The second part of Mr. Waller's poems Containing, his alteration of The maids tragedy, and whatever of his is yet unprinted: together with some other poems, speeches, &c. that were printed severally, and never put into the first collection of his poems , editor1-last=Waller , editor1-first=Edmund , year=1690 , place=London , publisher=printed for Tho. Bennet, at the Half-Moon in St. Pauls Church-yard , chapter-url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A67349.0001.001/ *{{Cite book , last=Rymer , first=Thomas , year=1693 , title=A Short View of Tragedy: its Original Excellency and Corruption , series=Scolar Press facsimile (1970) , place=London , publisher=Printed and to be sold by Richard Baldwin , isbn=978-0-85417-262-7 , url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AN4iAAAAMAAJ *{{Cite book , last=Rymer , first=Thomas , title=Edgar, or the English Monarch: an Heroick Tragedy , edition=2nd , year=1693a , orig-date=1678 , series=(Early English Books Online – text only) , place=London , publisher=Printed for James Knapton, at the Crown in St. Pauls-Church-yard , url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=eebo;idno=A58017.0001.001 *{{Cite book , last=Rymer , first=Thomas , title=Of the Antiquity, Power, and Decay of Parliaments , place=London , publisher=Sold by J. Roberts , year=1714 , orig-date=1681 , url=https://archive.org/details/ofantiquitypower00ryme/page/n2 *{{Cite book , last=Rymer , first=Thomas , editor-last=Whitelocke , editor-first=Bulstrode , editor-link=Bulstrode Whitelocke , chapter=Preface to the first edition , title=Memorials of the English affairs from the beginning of the reign of Charles the First to the happy restoration of King Charles the Second, Vol. 1 , series=(4 vols.) , edition=Repr. of 2nd, 1732 , year=1853 , orig-date=1682 , publisher=Oxford University Press , chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/memorialsofengli01whituoft/page/n5 *{{Cite encyclopedia , last=Sherbo , first=Arthur , title=Rymer, Thomas (1642/3–1713) , encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , publisher=Oxford University Press , orig-date=2004 , year=2013 , edition=online , url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/24426 , access-date=17 October 2017 , doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/24426{{subscription required *{{Cite journal , last=Springborg , first=Patricia , title=Hobbes, Heresy, and the Historia Ecclesiastica , journal=Journal of the History of Ideas , volume=55 , issue=4 , date=October 1994 , pages=553–571 , url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273363506, doi=10.2307/2709922 , jstor=2709922 *{{Cite book , last=T. R. , title=Cicero's Prince: the reasons and counsels for settlement and good government of a kingdom, collected out of Cicero's works/by T. R., Esq. , series=(Early English Books Online – text only) , year=1688 , place=London , publisher=Printed for S. Mearne , url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=eebo;idno=A33174.0001.001 *{{Cite book , last=Whatley , first=Stephen , title=Acta Regia; Being the Account which Mr. Rapin de Thoyras Published of the History of England, and Grounded Upon Those Records, which are Collected in Mr. Rymers Foedera , url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kIBcAAAAcAAJ , year=1733 , location=London , publisher=Printed by James Mechell *{{Cite book , ref={{harvid, Wheatley, 1907–21} , last=Wheatley , first=H. B. , chapter=Dryden: Bibliography , title=The Age of Dryden , chapter-url=https://www.bartleby.com/218/0100.html , editor1-last=Ward , editor2-last=Trent , editor3-last=Waller , display-editors=2 , series=Volume III of The Cambridge History of English and American Literature (18 vols., 1907–1921) , place=New York, London , publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons, CUP , isbn=978-1-58734-073-4 , others=Published online ©2000 by Bartleby.com, date=26 June 2022 *{{Cite book , last=Zimansky , first=Curt A. , title=The Critical Works of Thomas Rymer , place=New Haven , publisher=Yale University Press , year=1956 {{refend ;Attribution: *{{EB1911 , wstitle=Rymer, Thomas , volume=23 , pages=951–952 , first=Henry Richard , last=Tedder *{{DNB , wstitle=Rymer, Thomas , first=Sidney , last=Lee , volume=50

External links

*{{OL author, 470854A {{s-start {{succession box , title=English Historiographer Royal , before=

, after= Thomas Madox , years=1692–1714 {{s-end {{Authority control, state=collapsed {{DEFAULTSORT:Rymer, Thomas 1640s births 1713 deaths People from Northallerton Alumni of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge Members of Gray's Inn 17th-century English historians 18th-century English historians