Thismiaceae is a

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...

s whose status is currently uncertain. The

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish a consensus on the taxonomy of flowering plants (angiosperms) that reflects new knowledge about plant relationships disc ...

classifications (

APG II The APG II system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II system) of plant classification is the second, now obsolete, version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy that was published in April 2003 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Gro ...

APG III The APG III system of flowering plant classification is the third version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy being developed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). Published in 2009, it was superseded in 2016 by a fur ...

, and

APG IV The APG IV system of flowering plant classification is the fourth version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy for flowering plants (angiosperms) being developed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). It was published ...

) merge Thismiaceae into

Burmanniaceae Burmanniaceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of 99 species of herbaceous plants in eight genera. Description These plants are annual or perennial herbs, with generally unbranched stems, some lacking leaves. Some members of this fam ...

, noting that some studies have suggested that Thismiaceae, Burmanniaceae and Taccaceae should be separate families, whereas others support their merger. The family has been recognized by some authors (like J. Hutchinson, Chase ''et al.'' 1995, 2000; Caddick ''et al.'' 2000; Neyland 2002; Thiele & Jordan 2002, Merckx ''et al.'' 2006 and Woodward ''et al.'' 2007). Others have supported the APG position of merging the family into

, sometimes as the

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict ...

Thismieae (Maas-van de Kamer in

Kubitzki system The Kubitzki system is a system of plant taxonomy devised by Klaus Kubitzki, and is the product of an ongoing survey of vascular plants, entitled ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'', and extending to 15 volumes in 2018. The survey, in t ...

Maas-van de Kamer, H. (1998). Burmanniaceae. Pp.154–163 in: Kubitzki, K., Huber, H., Rudall, P.J., Stevens, P.S. & Stützel, T. (eds), ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'', Vol. III, Monocotyledons: Lilianae (except Orchidaceae). Springer-Verlag, Berlin. and others). For those who keep the family separate, it consists of six genera, three (''Afrothismia'', ''Haplothismia'' and ''Oxygyne'') are entirely from Old World, ''Thismia'' is from

tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the equator, where the sun may shine directly overhead. This contrasts with the temperate or polar regions of Earth, where the Sun can never be directly overhead. This is because of Earth's ax ...

areas of both

America The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

and

Asia Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which ...

, as well as three temperate species in

Illinois Illinois ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern United States. It borders on Lake Michigan to its northeast, the Mississippi River to its west, and the Wabash River, Wabash and Ohio River, Ohio rivers to its ...

(U.S.A),

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

and

New Zealand New Zealand () is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and List of islands of New Zealand, over 600 smaller islands. It is the List of isla ...

, temperate

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...

and ''Tiputinia'' is from the

Amazon basin The Amazon basin is the part of South America drained by the Amazon River and its tributary, tributaries. The Amazon drainage basin covers an area of about , or about 35.5 percent of the South American continent. It is located in the countries ...

. ;List of genera * ''

Afrothismia ''Afrothismia'' is a genus of myco-heterotrophic plants in the family Burmanniaceae, first described as a genus in 1906. It is native to tropical Africa. Species , Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online ta ...

'' (Engl.) Schltr. * '' Haplothismia'' Airy Shaw * ''

Oxygyne ''Oxygyne'' is a genus of plant in family Burmanniaceae, first described as a genus in 1906. It has a highly disjunct distribution, found in Japan in East Asia and in Cameroon in Central Africa. The genus is composed by six species which are all ...

'' Schltr. * '' Relictithismia'' Suetsugu, Yas.Nakam. & Tagane * ''

Thismia ''Thismia'' is a genus of myco-heterotrophic plants in family Burmanniaceae, known as "fairy lanterns". They are native to East and Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, and the Americas. Description ''Thismia'' are perennial,' ...

'' Griff. * '' Tiputinia'' P.E. Berry & C. L. Woodw.

References

External links

Thismiaceae
in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards)
The families of flowering plants
descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.

{{Taxonbar, from=Q134352 Dioscoreales Monocot families Historically recognized angiosperm families