Thiri Thudhamma

Thiri Thudhamma also called Srisudhammaraja ( Arakanese:သီရိသုဓမ္မ; 1602 - 31 May 1638) whose personal name was Min Hari (မင်းဟရီ), also known as Salim Shah II was a king of the Mrauk-U Dynasty of Arakan.

Early life

After the death of Min Khamaung, his son and crown prince Min Hari ascended the throne and took on the title of Thiri Thudhamma.

Thiri Thudhamma was between 18 and 20 years old when he took the throne. He married his half-sister, Nat Shin May, who would later become a influential queen.

He would work on repairing infrastructure built in the time of Min Bin, including the defences of the city of Mrauk U.

Reign

During Thudhamma's rule of Arakan, Muhammad Khurram (later Shah Jahan) took control of neighbouring Mughal Bengal in 1624. Thudamma took advantage of the Bengal crisis by leading a raid into Bhalwa (Noakhali), where he defeated the local administrator Mirza Baqi and returned to Arakan with plenty of war booty.

It is known that the king had 10,000 war-boats, 1,500 elephants, and one million infantry which made him a formidable force in the region.

Thudhamma's commanding officer was Ashraf Khan, a devoted Sufi Muslim and the patron of renowned Bengali poet Daulat Qazi.Sen, Sukumar (1993). ''Islami Bangla Sahitya'' (in Bengali), Kolkata: Ananda Publishers, , pp.23-33

In 1623, he captured approximately 30,000 Bengali slaves, which were noted for being strong and healthy, attributed to the abundance of food in Arakan.

In May 1624, when Shah Jahan entered Dhaka, an Arakanese embassy arrived to show support for the rebellious prince. The king of Arakan, Sirisudhammaraja, expressed sympathy towards Shah Jahan’s cause. The Arakanese embassy brought gifts worth 100,000 Rupees and received robes of honour and a firman (official decree) confirming the king's territories in return.''Nathan, Baharistan-i-Ghaybi'', p.2:711.

During his reign, in April 1624, the Dutch began trade relations with the city of Mrauk U.

In 1628, the King sent an embassy to the Siamese court, likely aiming to build military ties against the Burmese. However, his attempt to capture the ports of Myeik and Tanintharyi in late 1637 was viewed by Siam as a hostile move.

In 1628, the ''Laungkrakca'' (); governor of Launggyet) rebelled and posed a threat of Thiri Thudhamma's reign. The rebellion was put down and many leading men executed, but this only furthered the importance of future ''Laungkrakca''.

In 1635, a grand coronation ceremony was organized by the King. This event was celebrated with the issue of a coin inscribed only in Pali, showing his strong Rakhine Buddhist identity.

Death and succession

At the time, the Arakanese chronicle tradition had prophecised that the Mrauk U lineage of kings would end by the turn of the first millennium- roughly 1638 according to the Arakanese era. Rumours of Thiri Thudhamma's impending death circulated not long after his coronation. In the 1630s, the various court ministers in Mrauk U became more aggressive in vying for power.

On 31 May 1638, Thiri Thudhamma mysteriously died. His son and crown prince Min Sanay ascended the throne. Then On 26 June, Sanay also mysteriously died. The court blamed it on Thiri Thudhamma casting sorcery on his son. After this, the ''Laugkrakca'' ascended the throne as Narapati. Historian Jacques Leider ascribes this chain of events as a coup d'état by the ''Laungkrakca''.

References

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{{Burmese monarchs

Monarchs of Mrauk-U
17th century in Burma
17th-century Burmese monarchs