Third Great Western Turnpike

U.S. Route 20 (US 20) is a part of the United States Numbered Highway System that runs from Newport, Oregon, to Boston, Massachusetts. In the U.S. state of New York, US 20 extends from the Pennsylvania state line at Ripley to the Massachusetts state line in the Berkshires. US 20 is the longest surface road in New York. It runs near the Lake Erie shore from Ripley to Buffalo and passes through the southern suburbs of Buffalo, the Finger Lakes, the glacial moraines of Central New York, and the city of Albany, New York, Albany before crossing into Massachusetts. US 20 connects to all three major north–south Interstate Highways in Upstate New York: Interstate 390 (I-390) near Avon (village), New York, Avon, Interstate 81 in New York, I-81 south of Syracuse, New York, Syracuse, and Interstate 87 (New York), I-87 in Albany by way of NY 910F, Fuller Road Alternate.

With the exception of Albany, it passes directly through no major cities of the state, bypassing Syracuse and Utica, New York, Utica by great distances to the south while the New York State Thruway and New York State Route 5 (NY 5), which share its corridor, pass right through or close to them. It skirts the southern and eastern suburbs of Buffalo, New York, Buffalo. It is, however, a major artery in many of the outlying areas it passes through in the hilly fringes of the Allegheny Plateau, often expanding to four lanes (it has no limited-access sections, although many intersecting roads are grade-separated) with extensive commercial strip development. One of these sections, the easterly of two concurrency (road), concurrencies with NY 5 across the northern Finger Lakes, is the second-longest surface-road concurrency in New York, behind only the concurrency of Interstate 86 in New York, I-86 and New York State Route 17, NY 17 in the Southern Tier, extending from Avon to Auburn, New York, Auburn.

From Oneida County, New York, Oneida County to Albany, the road follows the historic Cherry Valley Turnpike, built at the beginning of the 19th century to connect Albany and, at the time, the important villages of Sharon Springs, New York, Sharon Springs, Cherry Valley (village), New York, Cherry Valley, Richfield Springs, New York, Richfield Springs, Cazenovia (village), New York, Cazenovia, and Skaneateles (village), New York, Skaneateles. US 20 itself was assigned in 1926 and was the state's main east–west route from that time until the Thruway was completed in the 1950s.

Route description

US 20 enters Western New York closely paralleling the Lake Erie shoreline, the Thruway and NY 5. Passing through the southeastern suburbs of Buffalo, it assumes a due-east heading at Depew, New York, Depew, taking it to the NY 5 overlap in Avon (village), New York, Avon. The two roads pass through many of the communities at the north ends of the larger Finger Lakes, splitting in Auburn, New York, Auburn. Through Central New York and the Central New York Region to its east, US 20 drifts south into the rugged upper reaches of the Allegheny Plateau, distancing itself from the Thruway and NY 5 by as much as at some points.

In the Capital District (New York), Capital District, the three routes all converge again, and US 20 goes right through downtown Albany, New York, Albany, the largest city along its route in New York. Just before crossing the Hudson River, US 20 is joined again by U.S. Route 9 in New York, US 9 for its second-longest concurrency, which ends just before the Thruway's Berkshire section in Schodack Center. From there, it drifts southward into the Berkshires, crossing the Massachusetts state line west of Pittsfield, Massachusetts, Pittsfield.

All but of US 20's alignment in New York is maintained by the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT). In Cayuga County, New York, Cayuga County, the section of US 20 in Auburn between New York State Route 38A, NY 38A and the eastern city line is maintained by the city of Auburn. To the east in Albany County, New York, Albany County, the of US 20 in Albany from the western city line to the north end of the New York State Route 32, NY 32 overlap is also city-maintained.

Western New York

From the New York–Pennsylvania border, state line to the Buffalo, New York, Buffalo suburbs, US 20 is largely a two-lane through road on the same northeastern heading it has followed most of the way from Cleveland. It serves as the main street of the few communities it passes directly through. In the Buffalo area, US 20 begins to head more east, widening to four lanes and becoming a busy regional artery that intersects many other roads of major and minor importance. For the leading into Depew, New York, Depew, it runs due north along with New York State Route 78, NY 78 as part of Transit Road, a busy commercial strip east of the city. At Depew, US 20 leaves Transit Road and begins its journey east across the state. The surrounding countryside returns to farmland by the Genesee County, New York, Genesee County line.

Lake Erie

US 20 enters New York immediately after passing through State Line, Erie County, Pennsylvania, State Line, Pennsylvania. It remains on the northeasterly course it has been following as Interstate 90 in New York, I-90, now the New York State Thruway, veers between it and what is now New York State Route 5, NY 5 in order to remain on level ground. This section of US 20 hugs the foot of the beach ridge to the south of Lake Erie, which is sometimes visible from sections of the highway, in Chautauqua County, New York, Chautauqua County. A mile and a half () east of the state line, Shortman Road (unsigned New York State Route 950D, NY 950D) leaves to the left for exit 61, the westernmost interchange on the Thruway. Shortly afterward, US 20 reaches its first settlement in New York, the hamlet (New York), hamlet of Ripley, where it intersects New York State Route 76, NY 76, the first touring route along US 20 in the state.

Another of two-lane rural road, crossed at its midpoint by the onetime New York Central Railroad and now CSX Transportation mainline, brings US 20 into its first incorporated community, the village (New York), village of Westfield (village), New York, Westfield. Here, New York State Route 394, NY 394 intersects US 20 in the middle of town on its way to the Thruway's next exit and the hamlet of Barcelona, New York, Barcelona, where it encounters NY 5 and the lake. Beyond Westfield, US 20 begins to drift south, coming further inland as it heads northeast. to the east, it reaches Fredonia, New York, Fredonia, the largest village along its route so far. 20 intersects with New York State Route 60, NY 60 at Reed Corners at the eastern edge of Fredonia, which heads north to the neighboring city of Dunkirk, New York, Dunkirk. east, New York State Route 39, NY 39 becomes the first state route to end at US 20. It makes a loop of nearly through the interior of the state to return to US 20 in the Finger Lakes.

Past this junction, the Thruway and US 20 begin to converge in flatter country until they cross as US 20 veers northward south of Silver Creek, New York, Silver Creek. U.S. Route 20 Truck (Silver Creek, New York), US 20 Truck splits off from US 20 in the center of town and rejoins its parent northeast of the village. This portion of the truck route is cosigned as New York State Route 5, NY 5, and the first of two Concurrency (road), overlaps between US 20 and NY 5 begins here. The road resumes its northeasterly course to an access road to the Thruway's exit 58 at Irving, New York, Irving. After crossing Cattaraugus Creek into Erie County, New York, Erie County, the concurrency ends, with NY 5 staying close to the lake and US 20 closely paralleling the Thruway. New York State Route 438, NY 438 leaves this junction to the east, following the creek into Cattaraugus Reservation, Erie County, New York, Cattaraugus Reservation.

US 20, which is now Southwestern Boulevard, remains straight when paralleling the Thruway, intersecting only one other state highway, New York State Route 249, NY 249, just east of the village of Farnham, New York, Farnham, in an stretch that brings it to the outer fringes of the Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area at Hamburg, New York, Hamburg. Within of the junction with NY 75, which provides access to the Thruway, US 20 intersects U.S. Route 62 in New York, US 62, the first U.S. Highway that it encounters in New York. Continuing on, US 20 crosses the Thruway to reach Big Tree, New York, Big Tree. This hamlet was once home to a six-way intersection featuring U.S. Route 20A (New York), US 20A, but a late 2000s reconstruction project moved the west end of US 20A to a new junction to the northeast. Like NY 39, US 20A makes a long loop through Wyoming County, New York, Wyoming and Livingston County, New York, Livingston counties to return to US 20 in the Finger Lakes.

Buffalo area

After the US 20A split, US 20 begins moving away from the lake and trends more to the east-northeast. The road becomes more developed, and, ahead, a major Buffalo landmark looms to the south—Highmark Stadium (New York), Highmark Stadium, home of the Buffalo Bills. On home game days in the fall, traffic clogs the highway as it crosses over the U.S. Route 219 in New York, US 219 expressway and curves northeast to reach the eastern terminus of New York State Route 179, NY 179 at Mile Strip Road. NY 179 offers access to US 219 via an interchange to the west. A half-mile () beyond, the four-lane US 20 intersects the concurrent routes of New York State Route 240, NY 240 and New York State Route 277, NY 277, the main route to the village of Orchard Park (village), New York, Orchard Park off to the south.

At the West Seneca, New York, West Seneca town line, US 20 turns due east when Reserve Road merges in from the west. After another mile (), the road makes a 90-degree left turn at New York State Route 187, NY 187's northern terminus. It is now headed due north as Transit Road, a busy regional route that continues north as far as Lockport (city), New York, Lockport. After yet another mile (), New York State Route 16, NY 16 and New York State Route 78, NY 78 come in from East Aurora, New York, East Aurora to the southeast. NY 16 continues west to downtown Buffalo while NY 78 turns north to join US 20. Just north of the junction, Transit Road connects to the entrance ramps for an interchange with the New York State Route 400, NY 400 freeway, US 20's first interchange with a limited-access highway since meeting the Thruway in Irving.

Shops and stores line busy Transit Road on both sides as it divides the towns of West Seneca and Elma, New York, Elma. north of NY 400, US 20 and NY 78 reach another state highway, New York State Route 354, NY 354, near Ebenezer, New York, Ebenezer. Not far from that intersection, Cheektowaga (town), New York, Cheektowaga and Lancaster, New York, Lancaster replace West Seneca and Elma as the towns on either side of the road. Increasing development and traffic heralds Transit Road's entry into the village of Depew, New York, Depew, and, at New York State Route 130, NY 130, US 20 turns east, ending the overlap and taking the direction it will follow for most of the rest of its crossing of the state.

East of Buffalo

Taking the name Broadway, which NY 130 had retained from the city of Buffalo, US 20 goes through downtown Depew before it proceeds into the neighboring village of Lancaster (village), New York, Lancaster. It returns to a rural two-lane road beyond Lancaster, passing through a traffic light only at the small village of Alden (village), New York, Alden before crossing into Genesee County, New York, Genesee County. In the town of Darien, New York, Darien, US 20 continues straight past Darien Lakes State Park to the junction with New York State Route 77, NY 77 at Darien Center, where much summertime traffic turns north toward nearby Six Flags Darien Lake. New York State Route 238, NY 238 forks off to the southeast towards Attica (village), New York, Attica at a junction to the east of Darien Center.

Past the junction with NY 238, which forks off to the southeast toward Attica, the highway begins going straight up and down into the creek valleys here at the northern fringe of the Allegheny Plateau. Passing lanes are sometimes available on the downhill sections, particularly in the next community to the east, Alexander (village), New York, Alexander, where another route to Attica, New York State Route 98, NY 98 crosses via an overpass. This allows traffic to continue at a high speed through the surrounding dairy farming, dairy and sod farming, sod farms up the other side and into Bethany, New York, Bethany, the next town, whose four four-way intersections offer only blinking yellow lights and no stop or yield traffic control devices to slow down drivers.

This unbroken stretch ends with a new light shortly into the next town, Pavilion, New York, Pavilion, where New York State Route 63, NY 63 crosses at an angle. Here, traffic bound for the Southern Tier and further turn right to eventually connect to Interstate 390, I-390 at Mount Morris (village), New York, Mount Morris. The four-lane US 20 straightaway continues across the town, with New York State Route 19, NY 19 also on an overpass at Pavilion Center. US 20 goes on past the Livingston County, New York, Livingston County line to the east, where it finally drops the Broadway name. After another , the route enters the hamlet of Fraser, Livingston County, New York, Fraser, where the north–south New York State Route 36, NY 36 crosses US 20 on its way from Mount Morris to Caledonia (village), New York, Caledonia. US 20 continues on to the community of Canawaugus, New York, Canawaugus to the east, where NY 5 enters from the village of Caledonia to the northwest and rejoins US 20. The two routes continue east from here to the village of Avon (village), New York, Avon.

NY 5 concurrency and Finger Lakes

The concurrency that begins here is the longest in the state, and it carries the two routes across the northern Finger Lakes region, a section of the plateau where glaciers carved deep valleys only to fill them with their meltwater. The land around the road is gently hilly, often wide open and heavily farmed, on the outermost fringes of the Rochester, New York, Rochester area. New York State Route 39, NY 39 is the first highway that intersects the concurrency, ending its loop just west of the traffic circle at Avon's center. About east of Avon, NY 5 and US 20 intersect New York State Route 15, NY 15, followed shortly by I-390, a north–south highway connecting US 20 and NY 5 to Rochester, New York, Rochester in the north and Corning (city), New York, Corning in the south. In the village of Lima (village), New York, Lima ahead, NY 5 and US 20 meet New York State Route 15A, NY 15A, the eastern alternate route of NY 15. Just east of the village, the road crosses Honeoye Creek and enters Ontario County, New York, Ontario County.

Across the county line, US 20 and NY 5 pass through the town and hamlet of West Bloomfield, New York, West Bloomfield, where New York State Route 65, NY 65 comes to an end from the left. Next, in neighboring East Bloomfield, New York, East Bloomfield, New York State Route 444, NY 444 leaves to the north for Victor (village), New York, Victor and New York State Route 64, NY 64 joins the concurrency. NY 64 leaves later at the eastern end of US 20A in South Bloomfield. The highway continues through the open, rolling lake country to a junction with West Avenue west of the city of Canandaigua, New York, Canandaigua. At this point, NY 5 and US 20 turn southward to follow a bypass (road), bypass around the western and southern edge of the city. At Bristol Road, the first highway that the bypass crosses, New York State Route 21, NY 21 joins US 20 and NY 5 and follows both routes to Canandaigua, where a hill west of downtown offers a view to Canandaigua Lake, the first of the lakes it passes in this region.

In downtown Canandaigua, NY 21 leaves to join New York State Route 332, NY 332, a prime route from Canandaigua and the lake region to the eastern suburbs of Rochester via Interstate 490 (New York), I-490. Past NY 332, the highway runs past the lowlands abutting the lakes to a junction with New York State Route 364, NY 364, which heads south down the east side of the lake. Now named Eastern Boulevard, the routes continue past Finger Lakes Community College to the next southbound highway, New York State Route 247, NY 247. Roughly of open road climb the gentle rise dividing Canandaigua and Seneca Lake (New York), Seneca lakes, the latter of which is the largest of the Finger Lakes. This ascent is subsequently met by a descent as the highway heads toward Geneva, New York, Geneva.

Just outside the city in the Lenox Park neighborhood of the town of Geneva (town), New York, Geneva, another pair of routes, New York State Route 14A, NY 14A and New York State Route 245, NY 245, come to their northern end. After entering the city and passing the campus of Hobart and William Smith Colleges, NY 5 and US 20 cross under NY 14A's parent route, New York State Route 14, NY 14, just before the lake shore. US 20 and NY 5 continue along the water as a four-lane road with a median and cross into Seneca County, New York, Seneca County at the lake's outlet. As at Canandaigua, a southbound route, New York State Route 96A, NY 96A, leaves just past the lake. NY 5 and US 20 continue on, following the northern edge of the Cayuga–Seneca Canal toward the village of Waterloo (village), New York, Waterloo.

About east of NY 96A, US 20 and NY 5 reach that route's parent route, New York State Route 96, NY 96, in the center of Waterloo. Just outside the village, New York State Route 414, NY 414, a major north–south highway, creates another three-route concurrency when it joins from the north. It lasts for just to the center of Seneca Falls (village), New York, Seneca Falls, home to Women's Rights National Historical Park and the National Women's Hall of Fame. Here, NY 414 departs to the south to follow the lake down to Watkins Glen, New York, Watkins Glen while NY 5 and US 20 turn to the northeast at Van Cleef Lake.

This heading lasts for until New York State Route 318, NY 318 ends to the west right before a four-way intersection at New York State Route 89, NY 89. From here, the road runs straight in a slightly more easterly direction south of Montezuma National Wildlife Refuge, where the Thruway is briefly visible to the north, before entering Cayuga County, New York, Cayuga County as it crosses over the Cayuga–Seneca Canal. In Cayuga County, the highway briefly returns to the east before a junction with New York State Route 90, NY 90. The highway subsequently turns southeast and back east over the next as it approaches Auburn, New York, Auburn. New York State Route 326, NY 326 departs to the south at the western city limits. Roughly into the city, the roadway briefly splits as New York State Route 34, NY 34 and New York State Route 38, NY 38 briefly join. At New York State Route 38A, NY 38A, the overlap between NY 5 and US 20 comes to an end as the two routes go their separate ways.

Central New York

While NY 5 heads north from the split toward Syracuse, New York, Syracuse and the Thruway, US 20 keeps to its easterly heading, following East Genesee Street out of the city, proceeding past Auburn Correctional Facility to the Onondaga County, New York, Onondaga County line. Here, New York State Route 41A, NY 41A comes in from the south at the western end of the village of Skaneateles (village), New York, Skaneateles, a community at the north end of Skaneateles Lake, the eponymous lake, the last Finger Lake along US 20. New York State Route 321, NY 321 leaves to the north in the center of town, and NY 41A's parent route, New York State Route 41, NY 41, begins its long journey to the Southern Tier on the other side of Skaneateles. US 20 continues east for another out of the village to the south end of New York State Route 175, NY 175, after which it starts trending southward, returning to two lanes.

The landscape starts to grow hillier as it begins to cross the glacial moraines of the less populated reaches of southern Onondaga County. About east of NY 175, US 20 is briefly joined by New York State Route 174, NY 174, which goes to Otisco Lake, the easternmost Finger Lake. The southward trend continues for another to an intersection with New York State Route 80, NY 80, a signed east–west route running north–south at this point. East of NY 80, it drops into the Onondaga Creek valley to connect to the northern terminus of New York State Route 11A, NY 11A to the east before climbing the next ridge to LaFayette, New York, LaFayette, where it intersects Interstate 81 in New York, I-81 at exit 15 and meets its paralleling surface route, U.S. Route 11 in New York, US 11 at junctions apart. At this point, US 20 is south of the Thruway.

From LaFayette, it drops into another deep valley, curving around an area known as Big Bend, prior to climbing back up towards the crest of the ridge at Pompey, New York, Pompey. Here, US 20 and New York State Route 91, NY 91 intersect at an elevation of above sea level. After another , the road drops down into the Limestone Creek (Chittenango Creek tributary), Limestone Creek valley and crosses into Madison County, New York, Madison County as it curves back up into higher ground. Another brings US 20 to the eastern terminus of New York State Route 92, NY 92, the south end of Cazenovia Lake and the village of Cazenovia (village), New York, Cazenovia itself. Its main street is marked by a brief concurrency with New York State Route 13, NY 13, a long, curving north–south route that comes from the cities of Ithaca, New York, Ithaca and Cortland, New York, Cortland to the south.

East of Cazenovia, US 20 resumes its southward drift as it climbs into the high ground again and expands to four lanes, passing the small village of Morrisville, New York, Morrisville in the process. It descends from there to its next state highway, New York State Route 46, NY 46, where it reverts to two lanes for a brief concurrency, after which NY 46 leaves for isolated Hamilton (village), New York, Hamilton. The southern trend reverses itself after this junction, with first New York State Route 26, NY 26 and later New York State Route 12B, NY 12B joining US 20 to create another three-route overlap. This persists for until both leave to the north in the town of Madison (town), New York, Madison. After another , the highway crosses into Oneida County, New York, Oneida County.

The major intersection here is New York State Route 12, NY 12, another long north–south route, into the county at Sangerfield, New York, Sangerfield, south of Waterville, New York, Waterville. From this intersection, US 20 takes the name Cherry Valley Turnpike from the historic road it follows towards Albany. US 20 climbs back into the high ground afterward and veers further southward to the next intersection with a major north–south highway, New York State Route 8, NY 8, at Bridgewater (CDP), New York, Bridgewater. Like NY 12, it leads northward to the city of Utica, New York, Utica. After NY 8, the road crosses the headwaters of the Unadilla River into Otsego County, New York, Otsego County.

Leatherstocking Region

US 20 enters Otsego County only for , where it intersects County Route 18 (Otsego County, New York), County Route 18 (CR 18) which is the northern terminus of former New York State Route 413, NY 413, then enters Herkimer County, New York, Herkimer County next to the point where Herkimer, Otsego, and Oneida county lines converge. The highway is briefly in Herkimer County for about , before entering into Oneida County. US 20 continues for about before entering back into Herkimer County, which brings it into the Leatherstocking Region, where James Fenimore Cooper set his ''Leatherstocking Tales''. This section of the highway keeps trending south as it skirts the northern edge of the Catskill Mountains, offering scenic valley vistas to the south. To the north the land levels to the Mohawk Valley. Through much of this stretch, the road expands to four lanes as the region's main east–west artery.

As it enters the county, it enters West Winfield, New York, West Winfield and begins to overlap New York State Route 51, NY 51 which comes in from the south. This overlap lasts for to Birmingham Corners, where NY 51 turns north toward Ilion, New York, Ilion, as US 20 continues east and soon reenters Otsego County. Trending southeast in the town of Richfield, New York, Richfield, pass before New York State Route 28, NY 28 briefly overlaps US 20 just west of Richfield Springs, New York, Richfield Springs, a popular local shopping destination, on its long curve across the state from the Catskill Mountains to the Adirondack Mountains. New York State Route 167, NY 167 begins a few blocks further east, and US 20 returns to Herkimer County beyond that, intersecting only county roads over the next several miles.

after returning to Otsego County, NY 80 again intersects on its way from Cooperstown, New York, Cooperstown and Otsego Lake (New York), Otsego Lake to the south to Fort Plain, New York, Fort Plain to the north. The next of US 20 swing around the north end of the east ridge of Cherry Valley into the Cherry Valley, New York, town of that name, where New York State Route 166, NY 166 leaves at a partial interchange to follow the valley south to Milford (village), New York, Milford. After another swing around the valley's other ridge, US 20 crosses into Schoharie County, New York, Schoharie County. About from the county line, the highway intersects another long north–south route, New York State Route 10, NY 10, south of Sharon Springs, New York, Sharon Springs. US 20 proceeds for another to Sharon, New York, Sharon, where New York State Route 145, NY 145 provides a route to Cobleskill (village), New York, Cobleskill to the south. Shortly after this junction, US 20 straightens out and follows an almost due-east heading for to its intersection with New York State Route 30A, NY 30A and the southern terminus of New York State Route 162, NY 162 at Sloansville. The route continues east to Esperance (village), New York, Esperance, where it crosses Schoharie Creek to enter Schenectady County, New York, Schenectady County.

Capital District

The crossing of the Schoharie Creek brings US 20 into the first of three counties that make up the Capital District (New York), Capital District area. Here, development along the road increases and the road itself is often four lanes. The region is divided by the Hudson River, where US 20 begins its second-longest concurrency with U.S. Route 9 in New York, US 9, the state's longest north–south U.S. Highway.

West of the Hudson River and Albany

Just past the county line, another Catskills-to-Canada highway, New York State Route 30, NY 30, intersects with US 20. About beyond that is the northern terminus of short New York State Route 395, NY 395, which runs south to the ever-closer New York State Route 7, NY 7. US 20 veers closer to NY 7 before finally intersecting the highway from NY 395. Not far to the east is an interchange with Interstate 88 (New York), I-88, NY 7's paralleling freeway between Binghamton, New York, Binghamton and Schenectady, New York, Schenectady. Access to I-88 is via a shared access road from both routes due to the oblique angle of the intersection. From here, the highway, now known as Western Turnpike, continues to trend to the south for another to the southern terminus of New York State Route 406, NY 406 at the hamlet of Gifford. Shortly afterward, US 20 enters Albany County, New York, Albany County as the Helderberg Escarpment looms to the south.

It stays straight to its first major intersection, the northern terminus of New York State Route 397, NY 397 later, which is followed later by a junction with New York State Route 158, NY 158 just east of Watervliet Reservoir. After another , CSX Transportation's main line (railway), main line crosses over the highway again. Development begins to pick up where New York State Route 146, NY 146 comes in from the north for a short overlap that ends at Hartmans Corners and Tawasentha Park. The road reaches the Albany suburbs to the east, where New York State Route 155, NY 155 intersects US 20 in Westmere, New York, Westmere. Just beyond the community is Crossgates Mall, a major Albany-area destination. Immediately east of the mall is US 20's first crossing of the Thruway, now Interstate 87 (New York), I-87, since the southern Buffalo suburbs, and the southern end of NY 910F, Fuller Road Alternate, an unsigned spur of the Adirondack Northway, in an area known as McKownville, New York, McKownville.

A half-mile () later, the busy four-lane route passes the south side of the University at Albany, SUNY, State University of New York at Albany's highly modern architecture, modernistic campus. It continues into the city of Albany itself as Western Avenue. Commercial developments line both sides of US 20 to the interchange with New York State Route 85, NY 85, a truncated freeway that connects to US 20 via the adjacent Dayton and Ormond streets. The neighborhoods around the road become primarily residential at this point. Roughly from NY 85, US 20 forks right onto Streets of Albany, New York#Madison Avenue, Madison Avenue and passes the College of Saint Rose.

After Washington Park Historic District (Albany, New York), Washington Park on the north side, downtown Albany draws nearer, with Erastus Corning Tower, the tallest building in the state outside of New York City, rising ahead. U.S. Route 9W, US 9W crosses Madison from Streets of Albany, New York#Delaware Avenue, Delaware Avenue to Lark Street, with its concurrent New York State Route 443, NY 443 terminating on the southern side of the intersection where Delaware ends at Madison. Shortly afterward, US 20 runs along the south side of Empire State Plaza, the modern complex that houses the offices of New York State Legislature, state legislators and many executive branch agencies. A few blocks further is Pearl Street (Albany), South Pearl Street, also New York State Route 32, NY 32, a long route from the lower Hudson Valley to Glens Falls, New York, Glens Falls. US 20 follows two blocks of South Pearl Street and NY 32 to reach an interchange with the South Mall Arterial. US 20 leaves NY 32 here, following an eastern extension of the arterial to the complex interchange connecting Interstate 787, I-787 with U.S. Route 9 in New York, US 9 and US 20. US 9 joins US 20 amid the junction, and both routes crosses the Hudson via the Dunn Memorial Bridge, the southernmost free crossing of the Hudson.

East of the Hudson River: US 9 and the Berkshires

At the east end of the bridge, US 9 and US 20, now in the Rensselaer, New York, city and Rensselaer County, New York, county of Rensselaer, follow the offramps past the stubs built for the canceled South Mall Expressway and assume a southeastern course along a busy four-lane strip containing a center turn lane. Near the city limit, New York State Route 9J, NY 9J leaves to the south to follow the river's east bank down to Stockport, New York, Stockport. The road subsequently goes up a hill with a panoramic view of the Albany skyline behind it and proceeds into the town of East Greenbush, New York, East Greenbush, where New York State Route 151, NY 151 heads off to the northeast. After with heavy commercial development on either side of the road, U.S. Route 4 in New York, US 4 begins and leaves to the north at a busy intersection. The East Greenbush (CDP), New York, center of town follows, after which the concurrency enters Schodack, New York, Schodack.

In Schodack, development along the road begins to ease as the center turn lane gives way to a double yellow line. At Schodack Center, located from East Greenbush, I-90 and US 20 meet again for the first time in . Just after the interchange, New York State Route 150, NY 150 comes to its southern end and US 9 and US 20 split at junctions less than apart. While US 9 heads south for Poughkeepsie, New York, Poughkeepsie and the city of New York City, New York, US 20 reverts to two lanes and maintains its southeastern course for another before turns more to the east for another . In Nassau (village), New York, Nassau, it connects to the north end of New York State Route 203, NY 203. East of the village, the terrain becomes hillier, indicating that US 20 has reached the edge of the Berkshires.

About outside of the village of Nassau, New York State Route 66, NY 66 joins the road. This overlap ends just before the Columbia County, New York, Columbia County line, with NY 66 following a southerly course toward Chatham (village), New York, Chatham. US 20, meanwhile follows Kinderhook Creek, Kinderhook and Wyomanock Creek, Wyomanock creeks, through narrow, wooded valleys to New Lebanon, New York, New Lebanon, passing Mount Lebanon Shaker Society, a National Historic Landmark as the second-oldest Shaker settlement in the country. In the center of this small town, US 20 meets New York State Route 22, NY 22, the longest north–south route in the state, and the two form a overlap, US 20's last concurrency in New York. After the split, US 20 makes a wide turn and heads almost south up a mountainside, climbing into Massachusetts near Pittsfield State Forest later.

History

Origins

The road from Albany, New York, Albany heading west was first constructed as a toll road or turnpike at the end of the 18th century. The First Great Western Turnpike Corporation was chartered in 1799 to build a road from Albany, the capital of New York, to the Revolutionary War frontier town of Cherry Valley (village), New York, Cherry Valley. In 1803, a second corporation, the Third Great Western Turnpike, was chartered to further extend the road to Cazenovia (village), New York, Cazenovia. The Third Great Western Turnpike was completed as planned by 1811 and was heavily used by people trying to establish new settlements in central New York. The two turnpikes, collectively known as the Cherry Valley Turnpike, became a stagecoach route in 1816. The Cherry Valley Turnpike name was also later applied to an untolled extension of the road west to Skaneateles (village), New York, Skaneateles.

The establishment of the Erie Canal and the Utica and Schenectady Railroad slowly ate away at the revenues of the Cherry Valley Turnpike. The turnpike stopped being a toll road in 1857. A similar turnpike east of the Hudson River, connecting Rensselaer, New York, Rensselaer to the Massachusetts state line was also established in 1799 as the Rensselaer and Columbia Turnpike. This turnpike remained in operation as late as 1896, but it eventually folded around the turn of the 20th century. The state took over the maintenance of highways at the beginning of the 20th century and began paving many roads across the state. In 1908, the legislature created a statewide system of unsigned legislative routes that used these new state highways and other, yet-to-be improved roads.

Early designations

Several parts of the former Cherry Valley and Rensselaer and Columbia turnpikes were included in the new route system. East of the Hudson River, the Rensselaer and Columbia Turnpike became part of Route 1 from Schodack Center, New York, Schodack Center to Rensselaer and part of Route 21 from Nassau (village), New York, Nassau east to the Massachusetts state line. West of Albany, the Cherry Valley Turnpike was designated as part of Route 9 from Cazenovia to Bouckville, New York, Bouckville and as part of Route 8 from there to a point south of Oriskany Falls, New York, Oriskany Falls. Another section, from Bridgewater (CDP), New York, Bridgewater to East Winfield, was included in Route 23. In 1912, the segment of the turnpike between Sharon, New York, Sharon and Sharon Springs, New York, Sharon Springs became part of the new Route 38-a.

Farther west, Route 6 and Route 18 were assigned in 1908 to two major east–west roads connecting Buffalo, New York, Buffalo to Albany and the Pennsylvania state line, respectively. West of modern-day Utica, New York, Utica, Route 6 followed the old Genesee Road, a highway that passed through Auburn, New York, Auburn, Geneva, New York, Geneva, Avon (village), New York, Avon, and Batavia (city), New York, Batavia on its way to Buffalo. The easternmost leg of Route 6 in Guilderland, New York, Guilderland and Albany used a portion of the Cherry Valley Turnpike. Route 18, meanwhile, utilized a series of highways that ran either along or slightly inland from Lake Erie. All of Route 18 and most of Route 6—including all of the route west of Auburn—later became part of the Yellowstone Trail, an early cross-country auto trail established in 1912. East of Albany, the trail utilized the old Rensselaer and Columbia Turnpike.

On March 1, 1921, the legislature redefined the legislative route system, altering or removing several routes and adding others. Routes 6 and Route 18 were left virtually unchanged, as was the portion of Route 1 north of Schodack Center. Route 21, however, was altered to follow modern New York State Route 66, NY 66 between Averill Park, New York, Averill Park and East Nassau. In the Central New York Region, Route 38-a was redesignated as Route 39 and extended west along the Cherry Valley Turnpike to meet Route 8 near Oriskany Falls. From Bridgewater to Oriskany Falls, Route 39 Concurrency (road), overlapped with Route 23. The legislative route system remained New York's primary route numbering system until the mid-1920s.

Assignment

Highways were first publicly numbered in New York in 1924. One of the handful of routes assigned at this time was New York State Route 5, NY 5, a cross-state route that extended from the Pennsylvania line in the west to the Massachusetts line in the east. From Auburn west, it initially utilized all of legislative Route 18 and the portion of Route 6 east of Avon. In between Buffalo and Avon, NY 5 used a linear, previously unnumbered east–west road to the south that bypassed the communities along Route 6. Continuing east from Auburn, NY 5 followed the Cherry Valley Turnpike (partially Route 6, Route 8, Route 9, Route 23, and Route 39) to Albany and the Rensselaer and Columbia Turnpike (partially Route 1 and Route 21) to Massachusetts.

One or two years later, however, the portion of NY 5 from Buffalo to Albany was shifted north to its modern alignment—mostly old legislative Route 6—and the former, more southerly route was designated as New York State Route 7 (NY 7). Around the same time, a parallel route to the south, from Buffalo through East Aurora, New York, East Aurora and Geneseo (village), New York, Geneseo to near Avon, was designated as New York State Route 35 (mid-1920s–1927), NY 35. NY 7 and NY 35 were both short-lived designations as US 20 was assigned on November 11, 1926, as part of the establishment of the U.S. Numbered Highway System. When the U.S. Highway was first posted in New York in 1927, it was assigned to then-NY 5 from the Pennsylvania line to near Hamburg (village), New York, Hamburg, a previously unnumbered but state-maintained highway between Hamburg and East Aurora, NY 35 from East Aurora to Geneseo, NY 7 between Skaneateles and Albany, and NY 5 from Albany to the Massachusetts line. US 20 overlapped with NY 5 between Avon and Skaneateles. The old NY 7 from Buffalo to Avon was renumbered to New York State Route 35 (1927 – early 1940s), NY 35.

Realignments

In the 1930 state highway renumbering (New York), 1930 state highway renumbering, an alternate route of US 20 between Irving, New York, Irving and Hamburg became NY 20B. While US 20 ran along the shore of Lake Erie between the two locations, NY 20B followed a more inland alignment that took it east of Angola, New York, Angola. US 20 was realigned to follow NY 20B between the two locations. The former lakeside routing of US 20 became part of an extended NY 5. Around the same time, the portion of Southwestern Boulevard between US 20 and New York State Route 78, NY 78 (now New York State Route 187, NY 187) in the towns of Hamburg, New York, Hamburg and Orchard Park (town), New York, Orchard Park was designated as part of New York State Route 18C, NY 18C. This segment of NY 18C was renumbered to NY 278 . Farther east, US 20 was realigned to pass through Lakeville, New York, Lakeville on its way from Geneseo to East Avon.

The most substantial realignment in US 20's New York history occurred when it was shifted north onto its current alignment between Hamburg and East Avon, replacing NY 278 and NY 35. Most of the previous route via East Aurora and Geneseo initially became New York State Route 20A (1938–1939), NY 20A; however, that route was partially redesignated as U.S. Route 20A (New York), US 20A by the following year. In the mid-1950s, a new four-lane roadway, Eastern Boulevard, was built north of Lake Shore Drive between South Main Street in Canandaigua, New York, Canandaigua and the modern-day intersection of Lake Shore and Eastern Boulevard in Hopewell, New York, Hopewell. US 20 and NY 5 were moved from Lake Shore Drive to the new highway upon completion. The remainder of the bypass around the southwestern extents of the city was built in the late 1970s and early 1980s.

In Canandaigua, the former routing of US 20 on South Main Street remains state maintained as New York State Route 942T, NY 942T; until 1996, the portion of West Avenue between the west end of the bypass and the Canandaigua city line (also old US 20) was also maintained by New York State Department of Transportation, NYSDOT as New York State Route 942W, NY 942W. Even though maintenance of the road was transferred to the town of Canandaigua (town), New York, Canandaigua on September 1, 1996, the designation remained in NYSDOT documents until 2007. In Hamburg, the section of old US 20 between Athol Springs and Big Tree, New York, Big Tree that did not become part of NY 5 is now County Route 576 (Erie County, New York), CR 576 from NY 5 to Bayview Road and NY 951E, an unsigned List of reference routes in New York, reference route, from US 62 to US 20A.

In Geneva, US 20 was initially routed on East North Street and Border City Road, overlapping with New York State Route 14, NY 14 through the city and rejoining its modern routing in East Geneva. The overlap was eliminated when US 20 was moved onto a new roadway located along the edge of Seneca Lake (New York), Seneca Lake. US 20 was realigned again in the 1960s to use a new divided highway built midway between the lake shore road and Border City Road. Border City Road is now maintained by Seneca County as CR 110.

Construction and legacy

While most of US 20 was constructed in the early 20th century as part of the legislative route system, many sections of the highway were left unimproved or unbuilt until well into the 1930s. Two substantial sections of the route—from Alexander (village), New York, Alexander (New York State Route 98, NY 98) to Avon and from Auburn to Cazenovia—were unimproved or unbuilt as late as 1926. The portion from Auburn to Skaneateles was brought up to state highway standards while the section connecting LaFayette, New York, LaFayette (U.S. Route 11 in New York, US 11) to Pompey, New York, Pompey (New York State Route 91, NY 91) was built by the following year. The last section of the Skaneateles–Cazenovia segment to open was the piece between Pompey and Cazenovia, which opened to traffic in mid-September 1934. Meanwhile, the highway was brought up to standards from Alexander to Bethany, New York, Bethany , from Bethany to Pavilion, New York, Pavilion (New York State Route 19, NY 19) , between Pavilion and New York State Route 36, NY 36 , and from NY 36 to Avon .

The now-complete US 20 was the major thoroughfare across New York for several decades. During the early days, there were no motels around and only major cities—such as Auburn and Albany—had hotels. Around the late 1940s, automobiles became much more reliable and US 20 grew into a strong touring road. The road was one of the most traveled up until the New York State Thruway was created in the 1950s. Much of traffic and progress along US 20 were halted as a result. The US 20 is lined with historical places, including Sharon Springs, New York, Sharon Springs, Cherry Valley (village), New York, Cherry Valley, Bouckville, New York, Bouckville, Cazenovia, Skaneateles, Auburn, Geneva, and East Aurora. The length of US 20 from LaFayette to Duanesburg, New York, Duanesburg was designated as a New York State Scenic Byway on August 10, 2005.

Major intersections

Suffixed routes

US 20 has had seven suffixed routes in New York; one U.S. Highway (US 20A) and six New York state routes. All six state routes have been removed or redesignated; US 20A, however, still exists.
* U.S. Route 20A (New York), US 20A () is an alternate route of US 20 between Hamburg, New York, Hamburg, Erie County, New York, Erie County, and East Bloomfield, New York, East Bloomfield, Ontario County, New York, Ontario County. It was assigned .
* The NY 20A designation has been used for two distinct highways:
** The New York State Route 20A (1930–1932), first NY 20A was an alternate route of US 20 between the Pennsylvania state line at Ripley and Silver Creek, New York, Silver Creek in Chautauqua County, New York, Chautauqua County. It was assigned as part of the 1930 state highway renumbering (New York), 1930 state highway renumbering and supplanted by New York State Route 5, NY 5 .
** The New York State Route 20A (1938–1939), second NY 20A was a short-lived alternate route of US 20 between Hamburg and Avon (village), New York, Avon. It was assigned and largely replaced by US 20A by the following year.
* NY 20B was an alternate route of US 20 between Irving, New York, Irving and Orchard Park (town), New York, Orchard Park in Erie County. It was assigned as part of the 1930 renumbering and supplanted by a realigned US 20 .
* New York State Route 20C, NY 20C was a loop route connecting US 20 to the then-village of Holcomb, New York, Holcomb (now part of Bloomfield, New York, Bloomfield) in Ontario County, New York, Ontario County. The route was assigned and partially replaced by New York State Route 444, NY 444 in 1997.
* New York State Route 20D, NY 20D was a connector between then-US 20 in Geneseo, New York, Geneseo and New York State Route 5, NY 5 in Avon (village), New York, Avon. It was assigned and supplanted by NY 20A . The route is now the northeasternmost portion of New York State Route 39, NY 39.
* New York State Route 20N, NY 20N was an alternate route of US 20 between Marcellus, New York, Marcellus, Onondaga County, New York, Onondaga County, and Cazenovia (village), New York, Cazenovia, Madison County, New York, Madison County. The route overlapped other, preexisting routes for its entire length. It was assigned and removed , leaving just the routes it overlapped.
* New York State Route 20SY, NY 20SY was an alternate route of US 20 between Skaneateles (village), New York, Skaneateles and Cazenovia in Onondaga and Madison counties. Like NY 20N, NY 20SY was concurrent with other, preexisting routes for most of its length. It was assigned in the early 1950s and removed , leaving just the routes it overlapped.

US 20 Truck

U.S. Route 20 Truck (US 20 Truck) is a short truck route of US 20 in Silver Creek, New York, Silver Creek. The road begins at an intersection with US 20 in Silver Creek, goes along Central Avenue for as NY 952H and merges in with NY 5. The two become concurrent for another mile () on Howard Street where US 20 Truck ends at an intersection with US 20.

In the village of Silver Creek, commercial truck traffic is not allowed to use US 20 east unless said traffic is making deliveries to local businesses in either the village or the South Dayton, Perrysburg, and Cherry Creek areas southeast of Silver Creek. All other commercial truck traffic per New York state vehicle and traffic laws must use US 20 Truck through the village.

See also

* List of county routes in Seneca County, New York

References

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:U.S. Route 020 In New York
U.S. Highways in New York (state), 20
U.S. Route 20, New York
Transportation in Chautauqua County, New York
Transportation in Erie County, New York
Transportation in Genesee County, New York
Transportation in Livingston County, New York
Transportation in Ontario County, New York
Transportation in Seneca County, New York
Transportation in Cayuga County, New York
Transportation in Onondaga County, New York
Transportation in Madison County, New York
Transportation in Oneida County, New York
Transportation in Herkimer County, New York
Transportation in Otsego County, New York
Transportation in Schoharie County, New York
Transportation in Schenectady County, New York
Transportation in Albany County, New York
Transportation in Albany, New York
Transportation in Rensselaer County, New York
Transportation in Columbia County, New York