Third party access policies require owners of

natural monopoly A natural monopoly is a monopoly in an industry in which high infrastructural costs and other barriers to entry relative to the size of the market give the largest supplier in an industry, often the first supplier in a market, an overwhelming ad ...

infrastructure facilities to grant access to those facilities to parties other than their own customers, usually competitors in the provision of the relevant services, on commercial terms comparable to those that would apply in a

competitive market In economics, competition is a scenario where different economic firmsThis article follows the general economic convention of referring to all actors as firms; examples in include individuals and brands or divisions within the same (legal) firm ...

Australia

Third party access policies play an important role in Australia's National Competition Policy, and are applied to "essential infrastructure which cannot be economically duplicated", including gas networks, electricity transmission and distribution grids, water transportation and sewerage networks, telecommunications networks, rail networks, ports, and airports. One complication in Australia is that water is generally retailed at "postage stamp" or statewide prices for social equity reasons, to ensure that rural, regional, and remote customers do not pay more than urban customers for their water. Under these prices, low-volume, high-cost remote customers cross-subsidise high-volume, low-cost urban customers. As the prices are not cost-reflective, except in a system-wide sense, they cannot be considered commercial or competitive.

United States

The third-party access right (‘TPA’) in the energy market context is the idea that in certain circumstances economically independent undertakings operating in the energy sector should have a legally enforceable right to access and use various energy network facilities owned by other companies.Aleksander Kotlowski 'Third-Party Access Rights in the Energy Sector: A Competition Law Perspective.' Utilities Law Review, Vol. 16, No. 3, 2007. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1073962

Europe

The

Internal Market in Electricity Directive Internal Market in Electricity Directive is the Directive 2003/54/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 26 June 2003 concerning common rules for the internal market in electricity and repealing Directive 96/92/EC is based in the Treat ...

envisage the third-party access right as a crucial element of organisation of access to the energy infrastructure system in Europe and as the main instrument for opening the Internal Energy Market to competition.

Notes

References

* {{cite web , url=http://www.qca.org.au/about/responsibilities/third-party-access/ , title=QCA Responsibilities - Third Party Access , accessdate=2007-10-14 , format= , work= * Body of Knowledge on Infrastructure Regulation http://regulationbodyofknowledge.org/market-structure-and-competition/competition-utility-markets/ Monopoly (economics)