The seedsnipes are a small

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

, Thinocoridae, of small gregarious

wader 245px, A flock of Red_knot.html" ;"title="Dunlins and Red knot">Dunlins and Red knots Waders or shorebirds are birds of the order Charadriiformes commonly found wikt:wade#Etymology 1, wading along shorelines and mudflats in order to foraging, ...

s which have adapted to a

herbivorous A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically evolved to feed on plants, especially upon vascular tissues such as foliage, fruits or seeds, as the main component of its diet. These more broadly also encompass animals that eat n ...

diet. The family is divided into two

genera Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ...

, ''

Attagis ''Attagis '' is a genus of seedsnipe, a South American family of small gregarious waders which have adapted to a vegetarian diet. These birds look superficially like partridges in structure and bill shape. They have short legs and long wings. ...

'' and ''

Thinocorus ''Thinocorus'' is a genus of seedsnipe, a South American family of small gregarious waders which have adapted to a vegetarian diet. These birds look superficially like partridge A partridge is a medium-sized Galliformes, galliform bird in a ...

'', each containing two species. The family has a

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be described as the southern Subregion#Americas, subregion o ...

n distribution, in the

Andean The Andes ( ), Andes Mountains or Andean Mountain Range (; ) are the longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. The range is long and wide (widest between 18°S ...

and

Patagonia Patagonia () is a geographical region that includes parts of Argentina and Chile at the southern end of South America. The region includes the southern section of the Andes mountain chain with lakes, fjords, temperate rainforests, and glaciers ...

n regions. The relationships with other families within the order

Charadriiformes Charadriiformes (, from '' Charadrius'', the type genus of family Charadriidae) is a diverse order of small to medium-large birds. It includes about 390 species and has members in all parts of the world. Most charadriiform birds live near water ...

are uncertain; it has been suggested that the

plains wanderer The plains-wanderer (''Pedionomus torquatus'') is an atypical species of wading bird, the Monotypic taxon, only representative of family Pedionomidae and genus ''Pedionomus''. It is endemic to Australia. Its historic range included much of east ...

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...

, the jacanas and the

painted snipe The Rostratulidae, commonly known as the painted-snipes, are a family of wading birds that consists of two genera: '' Rostratula'' and '' Nycticryphes''. Description The painted-snipes are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the ...

s are their closest relatives. The plains wanderer in particular has a similar feeding ecology, although differs markedly in breeding biology. The family's common name is misleading, as they do not resemble true

snipe A snipe is any of about 26 wading bird species in three genera in the family Scolopacidae. They are characterized by a very long, slender bill, eyes placed high on the head, and cryptic/ camouflaging plumage. ''Gallinago'' snipe have a nearly ...

, having short bills on small heads, and seeds do not form a major part of the diet.Fjeldså, J. (1996) "Family Thinocoridae (Seedsnipes)" ''in'' del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Sargatal, J. (editors). (1996). ''

Handbook of the Birds of the World The ''Handbook of the Birds of the World'' (HBW) is a multi-volume series produced by the Spanish publishing house Lynx Edicions in partnership with BirdLife International. It is the first handbook to cover every known living species of bird. ...

.'' Volume 3: Hoatzin to Auks. Lynx Edicions. One species ''Thinocorus rumicivorus'' is however known to feed on the fleshy flower petal appendages of ''

Calceolaria uniflora ''Calceolaria uniflora'' ( syn. ''Calceolaria darwinii'', known as Darwin's slipper) is a perennial plant of the genus '' Calceolaria'', known as the slipperworts. It is originally from Tierra del Fuego in the southern part of South America ...

'', a species of Scrophularaceae. In the process of feeding on these sugar rich appendages, they also pollinate the flowers. They resemble

grouse Grouse are a group of birds from the order (biology), order Galliformes, in the family (biology), family Phasianidae. Grouse are presently assigned to the Tribe (biology), tribe Tetraonini (formerly the subfamily Tetraoninae and the family Tetr ...

quail Quail is a collective name for several genera of mid-sized birds generally placed in the order Galliformes. The collective noun for a group of quail is a flock, covey, or bevy. Old World quail are placed in the family Phasianidae, and New ...

and

sandgrouse Sandgrouse is the common name for Pteroclidae (), a family (biology), family of sixteen species of bird, members of the order Pterocliformes (). They are traditionally placed in two Genus, genera. The two central Asian species are classified as ...

, only with long wings. The seedsnipes in the genus ''Thinocorus'' are smaller, ranging in size from a sparrow to a snipe, whereas the genus ''Attagis'' are larger, the size of a

ptarmigan ''Lagopus'' is a genus of birds in the grouse subfamily commonly known as ptarmigans (). The genus contains four living species with numerous described subspecies, all living in tundra or cold upland areas. Taxonomy and etymology The genus ''L ...

. They have short legs (but long toes) and tails. The colour of their

plumage Plumage () is a layer of feathers that covers a bird and the pattern, colour, and arrangement of those feathers. The pattern and colours of plumage differ between species and subspecies and may vary with age classes. Within species, there can b ...

is generally cryptic. There is some

sexual dimorphism Sexual dimorphism is the condition where sexes of the same species exhibit different Morphology (biology), morphological characteristics, including characteristics not directly involved in reproduction. The condition occurs in most dioecy, di ...

in the

of the ''Thinocorus'' species, the males have grey faces, necks and breasts. Seedsnipes inhabit a variety of harsh environments, including

grassland A grassland is an area where the vegetation is dominance (ecology), dominated by grasses (Poaceae). However, sedge (Cyperaceae) and rush (Juncaceae) can also be found along with variable proportions of legumes such as clover, and other Herbaceo ...

s, grass

steppe In physical geography, a steppe () is an ecoregion characterized by grassland plains without closed forests except near rivers and lakes. Steppe biomes may include: * the montane grasslands and shrublands biome * the tropical and subtropica ...

s, semi-arid

desert A desert is a landscape where little precipitation occurs and, consequently, living conditions create unique biomes and ecosystems. The lack of vegetation exposes the unprotected surface of the ground to denudation. About one-third of the la ...

s and alpine

habitat In ecology, habitat refers to the array of resources, biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species. A species' habitat can be seen as the physical manifestation of its ...

s. The

rufous-bellied seedsnipe The rufous-bellied seedsnipe (''Attagis gayi'') is a bird in suborder Scolopaci of order Charadriiformes, the shorebirds. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, and Peru. Taxonomy and systematics The rufous-bellied seedsnipe share ...

ranges as far up as to the snowline (5500 m). Their 2–3

eggs An egg is an organic vessel in which an embryo begins to develop. Egg, EGG or eggs may also refer to: Biology * Egg cell, the female reproductive cell (gamete) in oogamous organisms Food * Eggs as food Places * Egg, Austria * Egg, Switzerland ...

are laid in a shallow scrape on the ground.

Species

References

External links

Seedsnipe videos
on the Internet Bird Collection {{Taxonbar, from=Q748145 * Taxa named by John Edward Gray