Thiamine monophosphate, also known as ThMP and TMP, is a

phosphate ester In organic chemistry, organophosphates (also known as phosphate esters, or OPEs) are a class of organophosphorus compounds with the general structure , a central phosphate molecule with alkyl or aromatic substituents. They can be considered a ...

thiamine Thiamine, also known as thiamin and vitamin B1, is a vitamin – an Nutrient#Micronutrients, essential micronutrient for humans and animals. It is found in food and commercially synthesized to be a dietary supplement or medication. Phosp ...

. It is an intermediate from the hydrolysis of

thiamine diphosphate Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP or ThPP), or thiamine diphosphate (ThDP), or cocarboxylase is a thiamine (vitamin B1) derivative which is produced by the enzyme thiamine diphosphokinase. Thiamine pyrophosphate is a cofactor that is present in all liv ...

to free thiamine by

alkaline phosphatase The enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP, alkaline phenyl phosphatase, also abbreviated PhoA) is a phosphatase with the physiological role of dephosphorylating compounds. The enzyme is found across a multitude of organisms, prokaryotes and eukaryo ...

. The conversion of ThMP to thiamine cannot be facilitated by acid hydrolysis. ThMP is also enzymatically synthesized by thiamine-phosphate pyrophosphorylase, which combines thiazole in its monophosphate form and pyrimidine as a pyrophosphate. The physiological function of ThMP has not been identified.

Physiological presence

In whole human blood, both ThMP and free thiamine are present in lower concentrations as compared to TPP, but they are found in low amounts in plasma. ThMP is the only phosphorylated thiamine derivative found in human cerebral spinal fluid. It occurs naturally in bovine milk. In rats, approximately 64% of the total thiamine in plasma exists in its the monophosphate form. After injection of ThMP into the femoral vein of rats, it was quickly transported to the cerebral tissue without chemical modification, but the average transport rate was 5-10 times slower than that of thiamine.{{cite journal , vauthors = Reggiani C, Patrini C, Rindi G , title = Nervous tissue thiamine metabolism in vivo. I. Transport of thiamine and thiamine monophosphate from plasma to different brain regions of the rat , journal = Brain Research , volume = 293 , issue = 2 , pages = 319–327 , date = February 1984 , pmid = 6697223 , doi = 10.1016/0006-8993(84)91239-3

References

Organophosphates Thiazoles Pyrimidines Thiamine