Thelotrema Hypomelaenum
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''Thelotrema'' is a
genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
lichen A lichen ( , ) is a hybrid colony (biology), colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among hypha, filaments of multiple fungus species, along with yeasts and bacteria embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualism (biology), m ...
-forming
fungi A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ...
in the family
Graphidaceae The Graphidaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Graphidales. The family contains nearly a hundred genera and more than 2000 species. Although the family has a cosmopolitan distribution, most Graphidaceae species occur in tropic ...
, the family to which all taxa in the former Thelotremataceae now belong. Members of the genus ''Thelotrema'' are commonly called barnacle lichens.USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Name Search
/ref>Barnacle Lichen (Thelotrema), Encyclopedia of Life
/ref>


Description

''Thelotrema'' lichens have a
thallus Thallus (: thalli), from Latinized Greek (), meaning "a green shoot" or "twig", is the vegetative tissue of some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi, some liverworts, lichens, and the Myxogastria. A thallus usually names the entir ...
with colours ranging from white to yellow-grey or light olive. The texture of the thallus can be smooth, uneven, or , with the presence of either an surface or a loosely to rarely dense to cortex. The and
medulla Medulla (Latin for "marrow") or medullary may refer to: Science * Medulla oblongata, a part of the brain stem * Renal medulla, a part of the kidney * Adrenal medulla, a part of the adrenal gland * Medulla of ovary, a stroma in the center of the ...
frequently contain clusters of
calcium oxalate Calcium oxalate (in archaic terminology, oxalate of lime) is a calcium salt of oxalic acid with the chemical formula or . It forms hydrates , where ''n'' varies from 1 to 3. Anhydrous and all hydrated forms are colorless or white. The monohydr ...
crystals. The
apothecia An ascocarp, or ascoma (: ascomata), is the fruiting body ( sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. As ...
can be immersed or
sessile Sessility, or sessile, may refer to: * Sessility (motility), organisms which are not able to move about * Sessility (botany), flowers or leaves that grow directly from the stem or peduncle of a plant * Sessility (medicine), tumors and polyps that ...
and appear rounded or angular-rounded. The is partially covered by remnants of the , while the margin can be entire, undulate, or fissured, displaying a distinct double margin. The is absent in this genus. The excipulum is paraplectenchymatous, , and varies in colour from colourless to brown. It has distinct , and the are unbranched. ''Thelotrema'' are transversely
septate In biology, a septum (Latin for ''something that encloses''; septa) is a wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones. A cavity or structure divided in this way may be referred to as septate. Examples Human anatomy * Interatrial se ...
to ,
fusiform Fusiform (from Latin ''fusus'' ‘spindle’) means having a spindle (textiles), spindle-like shape that is wide in the middle and tapers at both ends. It is similar to the lemon (geometry), lemon-shape, but often implies a focal broadening of a ...
-
ellipsoid An ellipsoid is a surface that can be obtained from a sphere by deforming it by means of directional Scaling (geometry), scalings, or more generally, of an affine transformation. An ellipsoid is a quadric surface;  that is, a Surface (mathemat ...
to oblong-cylindrical, and feature thin to thick septa with angular to rounded . The outer wall of the spores is often thick, and the spores may be colourless or brown. They can display weak to strong violet-blue
amyloid Amyloids are aggregates of proteins characterised by a fibrillar morphology of typically 7–13 nm in diameter, a β-sheet secondary structure (known as cross-β) and ability to be stained by particular dyes, such as Congo red. In the human ...
reactions. The secondary chemistry of ''Thelotrema'' lichens generally includes
stictic acid Stictic acid is an aromatic organic compound, a product of secondary metabolism in some species of lichens. Stictic acid is the subject of preliminary biomedical research. Stictic acid has cytotoxic and apoptotic effects ''in vitro ''In v ...
or
norstictic acid Norstictic acid is a depsidone produced as a secondary metabolites in lichens. The compound contains both an aldehyde carbonyl group and an adjacent hydroxyl In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical fo ...
or closely related compounds, with hypoprotocetraric acid appearing rarely.


Species

,
Species Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (Binomial nomenclature, scientific names) in the fungus Kingdom (biology), kingdom. As of 2015, the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partn ...
(in the
Catalogue of Life The Catalogue of Life (CoL) is an online database that provides an index of known species of animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms. It was created in 2001 as a partnership between the global Species 2000 and the American Integrated Taxono ...
) accepts 165 species of ''Thelotrema''. *''
Thelotrema adjectum ''Thelotrema'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae, the family to which all taxa in the former Thelotremataceae now belong. Members of the genus ''Thelotrema'' are commonly called barnacle lichens. Description ''Thel ...
'' *''
Thelotrema africanum ''Thelotrema'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae, the family to which all taxa in the former Thelotremataceae now belong. Members of the genus ''Thelotrema'' are commonly called barnacle lichens. Description ''Thel ...
'' *''
Thelotrema ahtii ''Thelotrema'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae, the family to which all taxa in the former Thelotremataceae now belong. Members of the genus ''Thelotrema'' are commonly called barnacle lichens. Description ''Thel ...
'' *''
Thelotrema albidopallens ''Thelotrema'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae, the family to which all taxa in the former Thelotremataceae now belong. Members of the genus ''Thelotrema'' are commonly called barnacle lichens. Description ''Thel ...
'' *''
Thelotrema allosporoides ''Thelotrema'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae, the family to which all taxa in the former Thelotremataceae now belong. Members of the genus ''Thelotrema'' are commonly called barnacle lichens. Description ''Thel ...
'' *''
Thelotrema amabilis ''Thelotrema'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae, the family to which all taxa in the former Thelotremataceae now belong. Members of the genus ''Thelotrema'' are commonly called barnacle lichens. Description ''Thel ...
'' *''
Thelotrema amazonicum ''Thelotrema'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae, the family to which all taxa in the former Thelotremataceae now belong. Members of the genus ''Thelotrema'' are commonly called barnacle lichens. Description ''Thel ...
'' *''
Thelotrema armellense ''Thelotrema'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae, the family to which all taxa in the former Thelotremataceae now belong. Members of the genus ''Thelotrema'' are commonly called barnacle lichens. Description ''Thel ...
'' *''
Thelotrema attenuatum ''Thelotrema'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae, the family to which all taxa in the former Thelotremataceae now belong. Members of the genus ''Thelotrema'' are commonly called barnacle lichens. Description ''Thel ...
'' *''
Thelotrema australiense ''Thelotrema'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae, the family to which all taxa in the former Thelotremataceae now belong. Members of the genus ''Thelotrema'' are commonly called barnacle lichens. Description ''Thel ...
'' *'' Thelotrema berendsohnii'' *'' Thelotrema berkeleyanum'' *'' Thelotrema bicuspidatum'' *'' Thelotrema biliranum'' *'' Thelotrema byssoideum'' *'' Thelotrema californicum'' *'' Thelotrema cameroonense'' *'' Thelotrema canarense'' *'' Thelotrema canescens'' *'' Thelotrema capense'' *'' Thelotrema capetribulense'' *'' Thelotrema catastictum'' *'' Thelotrema cinerellum'' *'' Thelotrema cinereovirens'' *'' Thelotrema colobicum'' *'' Thelotrema conferendum'' *'' Thelotrema confertum'' *'' Thelotrema configuratum'' *'' Thelotrema crassisporum'' *'' Thelotrema crateriforme'' *'' Thelotrema crespoae'' *'' Thelotrema cubanum'' *'' Thelotrema cyphelloides'' *'' Thelotrema defectum'' *'' Thelotrema defossum'' *'' Thelotrema demersum'' *'' Thelotrema demissum'' *'' Thelotrema depressum'' *'' Thelotrema dignitosum'' *'' Thelotrema dislaceratum'' *'' Thelotrema dissultum'' *'' Thelotrema dominicanum'' *'' Thelotrema elmeri'' *'' Thelotrema endoxanthum'' *'' Thelotrema eungellaense'' *'' Thelotrema euphorbiae'' *'' Thelotrema expansum'' *'' Thelotrema exsertum'' *'' Thelotrema farinaceum'' *'' Thelotrema fijiense'' *'' Thelotrema fissiporum'' *'' Thelotrema flavescens'' *'' Thelotrema floridense'' *'' Thelotrema formosanum'' *'' Thelotrema foveolare'' *'' Thelotrema fuscosubtile'' *'' Thelotrema galactizans'' *'' Thelotrema gallowayanum'' *'' Thelotrema gomezianum'' *'' Thelotrema granatum'' *'' Thelotrema grossimarginatum'' *'' Thelotrema harmandii'' *'' Thelotrema hawaiiense'' *'' Thelotrema heladivense'' *'' Thelotrema hnatiukii'' *'' Thelotrema hypomelaenum'' *'' Thelotrema hypoprotocetraricum'' *'' Thelotrema indicum'' *'' Thelotrema infundibulare'' *'' Thelotrema inscalpens'' *'' Thelotrema inspersoporinaceum'' *'' Thelotrema integrellum'' *'' Thelotrema isidiophorum'' *'' Thelotrema isidiosum'' *'' Thelotrema jugale'' *'' Thelotrema kalakkadense'' *'' Thelotrema kalarense'' *'' Thelotrema kamatii'' *'' Thelotrema kinabaluense'' *'' Thelotrema lacteum'' *'' Thelotrema laurisilvae'' *'' Thelotrema lecanodeum'' *'' Thelotrema lepademersum'' *''
Thelotrema lepadinum ''Thelotrema'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae, the family to which all taxa in the former Thelotremataceae now belong. Members of the genus ''Thelotrema'' are commonly called barnacle lichens. Description ''Thelot ...
'' *'' Thelotrema leprocarpoides'' *'' Thelotrema leucocarpum'' *'' Thelotrema leucocheilum'' *'' Thelotrema lirellizans'' *'' Thelotrema lueckingii'' *'' Thelotrema macrosporum'' *'' Thelotrema manosporum'' *'' Thelotrema marginatum'' *'' Thelotrema megasporum'' *'' Thelotrema meridense'' *'' Thelotrema minarum'' *'' Thelotrema minisporum'' *'' Thelotrema mongkolsukii'' *'' Thelotrema monospermum'' *'' Thelotrema monosporum'' *'' Thelotrema murinum'' *'' Thelotrema nipponicum'' *''
Thelotrema nostalgicum ''Thelotrema'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae, the family to which all taxa in the former Thelotremataceae now belong. Members of the genus ''Thelotrema'' are commonly called barnacle lichens. Description ''Thelo ...
'' *'' Thelotrema occlusum'' *'' Thelotrema oleosum'' *'' Thelotrema osornense'' *'' Thelotrema paludosum'' *'' Thelotrema papillosum'' *'' Thelotrema parvisporum'' *'' Thelotrema parvizebrinum'' *'' Thelotrema patwardhanii'' *'' Thelotrema pauperculum'' *'' Thelotrema perriei'' *'' Thelotrema philippinum'' *'' Thelotrema phliuense'' *'' Thelotrema pidurutalagalum'' *'' Thelotrema piluliferum'' *'' Thelotrema poeltii'' *'' Thelotrema polythecium'' *'' Thelotrema porinoides'' *'' Thelotrema profundum'' *'' Thelotrema pruinosum'' *'' Thelotrema pseudosimilans'' *'' Thelotrema pseudosubtile'' *'' Thelotrema quitoense'' *'' Thelotrema reunionis'' *'' Thelotrema rhamni-purshianae'' *'' Thelotrema rhododiscum'' *'' Thelotrema rhodothecium'' *'' Thelotrema rockii'' *'' Thelotrema rugatulum'' *'' Thelotrema samaranum'' *'' Thelotrema saxicola'' *'' Thelotrema scabrosum'' *'' Thelotrema sendaiense'' *'' Thelotrema similans'' *'' Thelotrema simplex'' *'' Thelotrema sitianum'' *'' Thelotrema stenosporum'' *'' Thelotrema stromatiferum'' *'' Thelotrema subadjectum'' *'' Thelotrema subexpallescens'' *'' Thelotrema subgeminum'' *'' Thelotrema subgranulosum'' *'' Thelotrema subhiatum'' *'' Thelotrema submyriocarpum'' *'' Thelotrema suboccultum'' *'' Thelotrema subsphaerosporum'' *'' Thelotrema subweberi'' *'' Thelotrema suecicum'' *'' Thelotrema tetrasporum'' *'' Thelotrema thesaurum'' *'' Thelotrema triseptatum'' *'' Thelotrema tristanense'' *'' Thelotrema trypethelioides'' *'' Thelotrema umbonatum'' *'' Thelotrema umbratum'' *'' Thelotrema velatum'' *'' Thelotrema verrucorugosum'' *'' Thelotrema verruculosum'' *'' Thelotrema weberi'' *'' Thelotrema wilsoniorum'' *'' Thelotrema zenkeri'' *'' Thelotrema zimbabwense''


References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q7781117 Graphidaceae Lichen genera Taxa named by Erik Acharius Graphidales genera Taxa described in 1803