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''The Phantom Stockman'' is a 1953 Australian
Western film The Western is a film genre defined by the American Film Institute as films which are "set in the American West that mbodythe spirit, the struggle, and the demise of the new frontier." Generally set in the American frontier between the Calif ...
written and directed by Lee Robinson and starring
Chips Rafferty John William Pilbean Goffage MBE (26 March 190927 May 1971), known professionally as Chips Rafferty, was an Australian actor. Called "the living symbol of the typical Australian", Rafferty's career stretched from the late 1930s until he died i ...
, Victoria Shaw,
Max Osbiston Maxwell Hamilton Osbiston (7 August 1914 – 12 March 1981) was an Australian actor, active in radio, stage, film and television. Biography Osbiston was born in Sydney, the son of Frank and Iolanthe Osbiston (née Margoliouth) of Cremorne, New S ...
and
Guy Doleman Guy Doleman (22 November 1923 – 30 January 1996) was a New Zealand born actor, active in Australia, Britain and the United States. He is possibly best remembered for being the first actor to play Number Two in the classic cult series ''The Pr ...
. It was the first of several movies produced by Lee Robinson in association with Chips Rafferty in the 1950s.


Plot summary

Kim Marsden inherits a cattle station near Alice Springs after the death of her father. Kim becomes convinced her father was murdered. She sends for a legendary local bushman called the Sundowner, who was one of her father's best friends. Adopting the name Ted Simpson, the Sundowner arrives at Kim's station with his Aboriginal offsider, Dancer. They are given work by the station manager, McLeod. The Sundowner and Dancer discover that cattle rustlers have been stealing stock. The realise the person behind the murder is Kim's neighbour, Stapleton, who is in league with the cattle rustlers and is romantically interested in Kim. The rustlers kidnap Sundowner but he uses telepathy to get Dancer to come to his rescue. Kim is united with her true love, McLeod.


Cast

*
Chips Rafferty John William Pilbean Goffage MBE (26 March 190927 May 1971), known professionally as Chips Rafferty, was an Australian actor. Called "the living symbol of the typical Australian", Rafferty's career stretched from the late 1930s until he died i ...
as The Sundowner * Janette Elphick as Kim Marsden *
Max Osbiston Maxwell Hamilton Osbiston (7 August 1914 – 12 March 1981) was an Australian actor, active in radio, stage, film and television. Biography Osbiston was born in Sydney, the son of Frank and Iolanthe Osbiston (née Margoliouth) of Cremorne, New S ...
as McLeod *
Guy Doleman Guy Doleman (22 November 1923 – 30 January 1996) was a New Zealand born actor, active in Australia, Britain and the United States. He is possibly best remembered for being the first actor to play Number Two in the classic cult series ''The Pr ...
as Stapleton *
Henry Murdoch Henry Murdoch (17 September 1920 – 24 April 1987), born as George Henry Murdock, was an Aboriginal Australian actor and stockman who appeared in Australian films of the 1940s and 1950s. He was working as stockman in Rockhampton when discovered ...
as Dancer * Bob Darken as Roxey * Joe Scully as the Moth *George Neil * Albert Namitjira as himself


Development

Chips Rafferty and Lee Robinson had both failed to raise finance for individual projects. Rafferty wanted to make a £120,000 13-part series and film, ''The Green Opal'', about immigration problems. Robinson wanted to make a thriller, ''Saturday to Monday'' which later became '' The Siege of Pinchgut''. Both were stymied by a government rule at the time which prohibited invent in non-essential industry over £10,000. The two men knew each other because Robinson wrote scripts for Rafferty's radio show, ''Chips: the Story of Outback''. Both were frustrated at the lack of film production in Australia. They decided to team up together and make a film that cost under £10,000, with Robinson directing and Rafferty starring. (Robinson had experienced directing documentaries and been an assistant on '' I Found Joe Barton''.) They were joined by cinematographer George Heath and formed Platypus Productions. Said Rafferty at the time:
We nutted it out this way. What's the good of imitating English and American pictures when we can get into places these foreign production units can't reach for sandflies and skeeters? We'll pick locations and backgrounds the world knows nothing about. We'll study them for dramatic values. But we're not buying stories. The stories will just come out of our heads and still leave enough wood to make chairs.
Robinson later elaborated:
We said, "Let's forget what the Australian public thinks about, what they might take to, because if you put an Australian tag on a film it was the worst possible thing you could do."... The thing was to try and go for different locales and different lines, new material but fairly standard in the international approach... It was something that Les Norman (the producer of ''Eureka Stockade'') said to us. "If you are working in a known background like London or New York you can go for very different story lines, but if you are working in a new background that is unfamiliar to your audience you have to be a bit conventional in your story line because audiences find it difficult to accept a totally new background and a really new story line at the same time." So I think there was a bit of that inherent in all of those early films with Chips.
It was decided to make the film in the Northern Territory where Robinson had worked for a number of years. The movie would focus around Chips Rafferty, playing a version of the character he portrayed on radio. The film was originally known as ''Dewarra'', ''Platypus'' then ''The Tribesman''.


Casting

Charles Tingwell Charles William Tingwell AM (3 January 1923 – 15 May 2009), known professionally as Bud Tingwell or Charles 'Bud' Tingwell, was an Australian actor. One of the veterans of Australian film, he acted in his first motion picture in 1946 and we ...
was meant to play a role but was unable to fit it in his schedule and was replaced by Guy Doleman. Doleman and Max Osbiston were experienced Sydney radio actors. Seventeen-year-old Jeanette Elphick, 1952 model of the year, was cast in the lead. Her voice would be entirely dubbed by
June Salter June Marie Salter AM (22 June 193215 September 2001) was an Australian actress and author prominent in theatre and television. She is best known for her character roles, in particular as schoolteacher Elizabeth McKenzie in the soap opera ''Th ...
.


Shooting

It was shot around
Alice Springs Alice Springs () is a town in the Northern Territory, Australia; it is the third-largest settlement after Darwin, Northern Territory, Darwin and Palmerston, Northern Territory, Palmerston. The name Alice Springs was given by surveyor William ...
in the
Northern Territory The Northern Territory (abbreviated as NT; known formally as the Northern Territory of Australia and informally as the Territory) is an states and territories of Australia, Australian internal territory in the central and central-northern regi ...
of Australia starting July 1952. Several days shooting were lost due to unexpected rain. Interiors – the girl's house – were shot in Sydney at a small studio in North Sydney owned by Mervyn Murphy. Robinson later recalled:
My experience with actors was limited. Chips on the other hand had by now made quite a number of films and he was an impeccable technical actor.... There were people in the picture of course who had never made a picture before. There weren’t the opportunities here for them to do so. He helped them a good deal by walking through scenes with them on his own and getting things sorted out, timing their dialogue and so on. The other thing was that we were working in actual locations. We decided right from the beginning we would never, ever build sets. We were working to a large extent in situations that were fairly genuine. The Aboriginal involvement, the themes were genuine themes. I suppose, given my documentary background and the fact that you are on actual locations and in many cases using actual people, it was inevitable that that would come through."KING OF THE CORAL SEA: An Interview with Lee Robinson" by Albert Moran, Continuum:The Australian Journal of Media & Culture vol. 1 no 1 (1987) Australian Film in the 1950s Edited by Tom O’Regan
accessed 30 March 2015
The painter
Albert Namatjira Albert Namatjira (; born Elea Namatjira; 28 July 1902 – 8 August 1959) was an Arrernte painter from the MacDonnell Ranges in Central Australia, widely considered one of the most notable Australian artists. As a pioneer of contemporary Indige ...
appeared as himself in the film. Lee Robinson had previously made a documentary about Namitjira called '' Namatjira the Painter''. This arguably made him the first Australian painter to cameo in an Australian feature. Robinson says that George Heath did not get along with Chips Rafferty or Robinson.


Release


Critical

The ''Sun Herald'' wrote that:
The film was made in a hurry, and looks like it; and the editing of many scenes is ludicrously slow.
Hopalong Cassidy Hopalong Cassidy is a fictional cowboy hero created in 1904 by the author Clarence E. Mulford, who wrote a series of short stories and novels based on the character. Mulford portrayed the character as rude, dangerous, and rough-talking. He wa ...
could probably clean up a dozen mysteries in the time it takes Chips Rafferty to draw wisely upon a cigarette. The romance is developed clumsily by script and direction. There were some satisfactory punches on the jaw, and a little gunplay later on, but generally there is not enough action to make the "dead heart" come to life.
According to ''Filmink'' the movie wasn't "a great film":
It’s too slow, much of it feels like a filmed radio play, and Max Osbiston isn’t handsome enough to play the romantic lead. But there’s enough good stuff to get by – the photography and locations, Rafferty being Rafferty, Elphick being pretty, Guy Doleman as a villain, Henry Murdock as a sidekick, that random Namatjira cameo. The Rafferty-Robinson collaboration would eventually turn sour, but on the first movie, they pretty much did everything right, within their limitations of talent, time and money.


Box office

Rafferty and Robinson managed to sell the Pakistan, India, Burma and Ceylon rights for £1,000. While filming ''The Desert Rats'' in Hollywood, Rafferty sold the American rights for $35,000, then the English rights for £7,500. (The movie would later screen on US TV as ''Return of the Plainsman''.) Robinson later claimed that the film recouped its costs within three months of being filmed. The film was distributed in Australia by Universal. The deal was done through Herc McIntyre who had supported a number of local films. Robinson says McIntyre gave the film a very advantageous financial deal.


Foreign release

In the United States it was released as ''Return of the Plainsman'' whilst the
working title A working title is a preliminary name for a product or project. The usage is especially common in film and TV, gaming, music and publishing. It is often styled in trade publications as (wt) and is synonymous with production title and tentative ...
was ''The Sundowner''. In Britain the film was known as ''Cattle Station'' or ''The Tribesman''.


Legacy

Heath left the team and tried to get up his own film called ''The Jackeroo'' but was unsuccessful. Elphick later went to Hollywood and enjoyed a successful career under the name "Victoria Shaw". Rafferty and Robinson went on to make several more movies together as producer.


See also

*
Cinema of Australia The cinema of Australia began with the 1906 production of ''The Story of the Kelly Gang'', arguably the world's first feature film. Since then, Australian crews have produced many films, a number of which have received international recogni ...


References


External links

*
''The Phantom Stockman''
at the
National Film and Sound Archive The National Film and Sound Archive of Australia (NFSA), known as ScreenSound Australia from 1999 to 2004, is Australia's audiovisual archive, responsible for developing, preserving, maintaining, promoting, and providing access to a national c ...

''The Phantom Stockman''
at
Australian Screen Online The National Film and Sound Archive of Australia (NFSA), known as ScreenSound Australia from 1999 to 2004, is Australia's audiovisual archive, responsible for developing, preserving, maintaining, promoting, and providing access to a national c ...

''The Phantom Stockman''
at Oz Movies
Review of film
at ''Variety'' {{DEFAULTSORT:Phantom Stockman 1953 films 1953 Western (genre) films Films directed by Lee Robinson Australian Western (genre) films Australian black-and-white films 1950s English-language films English-language Western (genre) films 1950s Australian films