''Thaxterogaster'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
fungi
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ...
in the family
Cortinariaceae.
Taxonomy
The genus was created in 1951 by the German mycologist
Rolf Singer
Rolf Singer (June 23, 1906 – January 18, 1994) was a German mycologist and Taxonomy (biology), taxonomist of gilled mushrooms (agarics).
He wrote the book "The Agaricales in Modern Taxonomy (biology), Taxonomy". He fled to various countries d ...
to contain the
novel species ''Thaxterogaster magellanicum'' and ''Thaxterogaster violaceum.''
Several other species were placed in this genus in the subsequent decades but then reclassified as ''
Cortinarius
''Cortinarius'' is a globally distributed genus of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. Its members are commonly known by the names cortinar and webcap. It is suspected to be the largest genus of agarics, containing over 2,000 widespread species ...
'' or ''
Descolea
''Descolea'' is a genus of fungi in the family Bolbitiaceae. Described by mycologist Rolf Singer in 1952, the widespread genus contains about 15 species. It was formerly placed in the family Cortinariaceae because of its Wiktionary:limoniform, li ...
'' species.
In 2022 the family Cortinariaceae, which previously contained only the one genus of ''
Cortinarius
''Cortinarius'' is a globally distributed genus of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. Its members are commonly known by the names cortinar and webcap. It is suspected to be the largest genus of agarics, containing over 2,000 widespread species ...
'' was reclassified based on genomic data and split into the genera of ''Cortinarius'', ''
Aureonarius'', ''
Austrocortinarius'', ''
Calonarius'', ''
Cystinarius'', ''
Hygronarius
''Hygronarius'' is a genus of fungi
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms ...
'', ''
Mystinarius
''Mystinarius'' is a genus of fungi in the family Cortinariaceae.
Taxonomy
The genus was created in 2022 when the family Cortinariaceae, which previously contained only the one genus of ''Cortinarius'' was reclassified based on genomic data a ...
'', ''
Phlegmacium
''Phlegmacium'' is a genus of fungi in the family Cortinariaceae.
Taxonomy
The genus was created in 1877 by the German mycologist Friedrich Otto Wünsche based on the earlier 1821 classification of the ''Agaricus'' tribe ''Phlegmacium'' by ...
'', ''Thaxterogaster'' and ''
Volvanarius
''Volvanarius'' is a genus of fungi in the family Cortinariaceae.
Taxonomy
The genus was created in 2022 when the family Cortinariaceae, which previously contained only the one genus of ''Cortinarius'' was reclassified based on genomic data ...
''. Numerous ''Cortinarius'' species were transferred into the genus of ''Thaxterogaster'' as a result of this work.
The genus is further divided with subgenus and section classifications:
* ''Thaxterogaster'' subgenus Cretaces includes the section: ''Cretaces.''
* ''Thaxterogaster'' subgenus Thaxterogaster includes the sections: ''Alboaggregati'' and ''Thaxterogaster.''
* ''Thaxterogaster'' subgenus Multiformes includes the sections: ''Multiformes.''
* ''Thaxterogaster'' subgenus Riederorum includes the sections: ''Riederorum.''
* ''Thaxterogaster'' subgenus Scauri includes the sections: ''Scauri'' and ''Purpurascentes.''
* ''Thaxterogaster'' subgenus Variegati includes the sections: ''Variegati.''
Etymology
''Thaxterogaster'' is named for the mycologist
Roland Thaxter
Roland Thaxter (August 28, 1858 – April 22, 1932) was an American mycologist, plant pathologist, botanist, and entomologist, renowned for his contribution to the insect parasitic fungi—Laboulbeniales. His college education was completed at Har ...
who deposited a specimen at the
Farlow Herbarium
The Farlow Herbarium of Cryptogamic Botany is an herbarium and library at Harvard University with about 1,400,000 specimens, including approximately 75,000 types, of lichens, fungi, bryophytes, diatoms, and algae.Farlow Herbarium, Harvard Univers ...
under the name ''Secotium magellanicum''. This specimen was examined by Singer and used as the basis for his description of ''Thaxterogaster magellanicum''. The genus is named for Thaxter whilst 'gaster' refers to the, now obsolete, class Gasteromycetes since the species is
gasteroid
The gasteroid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota. Species were formerly placed in the obsolete class Gasteromycetes Fr. (literally "stomach fungi"), or the equally obsolete order Gasteromycetales Rea, because they produce spores insi ...
in form.
Species
As of January 2023,
Species Fungorum
''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (Binomial nomenclature, scientific names) in the fungus Kingdom (biology), kingdom. As of 2015, the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partn ...
accepted 136 species of ''Thaxterogaster''.
# ''
Thaxterogaster aggregatus
''Thaxterogaster'' is a genus of fungi in the family Cortinariaceae.
Taxonomy
The genus was created in 1951 by the German mycologist Rolf Singer to contain the novel species ''Thaxterogaster magellanicum'' and ''Thaxterogaster violaceum.'' ...
''
(Kauffman) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster alboaggregatus
''Thaxterogaster'' is a genus of fungi in the family Cortinariaceae.
Taxonomy
The genus was created in 1951 by the German mycologist Rolf Singer to contain the novel species ''Thaxterogaster magellanicum'' and ''Thaxterogaster violaceum.'' ...
''
(Soop) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster alboamarescens
''Thaxterogaster'' is a genus of fungi in the family Cortinariaceae.
Taxonomy
The genus was created in 1951 by the German mycologist Rolf Singer to contain the novel species ''Thaxterogaster magellanicum'' and ''Thaxterogaster violaceum.'' ...
''
(Kytöv., Niskanen & Liimat.) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster anomalochrascens
''Thaxterogaster'' is a genus of fungi in the family Cortinariaceae.
Taxonomy
The genus was created in 1951 by the German mycologist Rolf Singer to contain the novel species ''Thaxterogaster magellanicum'' and ''Thaxterogaster violaceum.'' ...
''
(Chevassut & Rob. Henry) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster argenteolilacinus
''Thaxterogaster'' is a genus of fungi in the family Cortinariaceae.
Taxonomy
The genus was created in 1951 by the German mycologist Rolf Singer to contain the novel species ''Thaxterogaster magellanicum'' and ''Thaxterogaster violaceum.'' ...
''
(M.M. Moser) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster argyrionus
''Thaxterogaster argyrionus'' is a species of sequestrate (truffle-like) fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. Described as a new species in 2010, it is known only from New South Wales.
Taxonomy
The species was first described scientifically by ...
''
(Danks, T. Lebel & Vernes) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster armenicorius
''Thaxterogaster'' is a genus of fungi in the family Cortinariaceae.
Taxonomy
The genus was created in 1951 by the German mycologist Rolf Singer to contain the novel species ''Thaxterogaster magellanicum'' and ''Thaxterogaster violaceum.'' ...
''
(Soop & Brandrud) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster artosoides
''Thaxterogaster'' is a genus of fungi in the family Cortinariaceae.
Taxonomy
The genus was created in 1951 by the German mycologist Rolf Singer to contain the novel species ''Thaxterogaster magellanicum'' and ''Thaxterogaster violaceum.'' ...
''
Soop, J.A. Cooper, A.R. Nilsen & Orlovich & N. Siegel (2023)
# ''
Thaxterogaster aurantionapus
''Thaxterogaster'' is a genus of fungi in the family Cortinariaceae.
Taxonomy
The genus was created in 1951 by the German mycologist Rolf Singer to contain the novel species ''Thaxterogaster magellanicum'' and ''Thaxterogaster violaceum.'' ...
''
(Bidaud & Reumaux) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster australis''
(Gasparini) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster austrocyanites''
(Soop) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster austrosaginus''
(Gasparini) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster austroturmalis''
(M.M. Moser & E. Horak) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster austrovaginatus''
(Gasparini) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster barbatus''
(Batsch) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster burlinghamiae''
(Bojantchev) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster caesibulga''
(Vernes, Danks & T. Lebel) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster caesiolamellatus''
(Bidaud) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster caesiophylloides''
(Kytöv., Liimat., Niskanen, Brandrud & Frøslev) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster caledoniensis''
(P.D. Orton) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster castoreus''
(Soop) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster causticus''
(Fr.) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster cervinus''
(M.M. Moser & E. Horak) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster chalybeus''
(Soop) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster chlorophyllus''
(Soop) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster cinereoroseolus''
(Danks, T. Lebel & Vernes) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster collocandoides''
(Reumaux) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster columbinus''
(M.M. Moser & E. Horak) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster comarostaphylidis''
(Ammirati, Halling & Garnica) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster comparoides''
(Ammirati, Halling & Garnica) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster corrugis''
(A.H. Sm.) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster cremeolina''
(Soop) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster cremeorufus''
(Soop) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster crenulatus''
(Rob. Henry ex Bidaud & Reumaux) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster cretax''
(Soop) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster croceocoeruleus''
(Pers.) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster crypticus''
(E. Horak) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster dulcamarus''
(Soop) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster dulciorum''
(Soop) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster eburneus''
(Velen.) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster effundens''
(M.M. Moser, E. Horak & Singer) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster emollitoides''
(Bidaud, Moënne-Locc. & Reumaux) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster emollitus''
(Fr.) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster eumarginatus''
(Rob. Henry ex Bidaud, Carteret & Reumaux) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster fiordlandensis''
(Soop) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster frondosomultiformis''
(Bellù, Brandrud & Dima) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster fuligineofolius''
(M.M. Moser) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster fulvo-ochrascens''
ochrascens (Rob. Henry) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster galeobdolon''
(Melot) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster genuinus''
(Bidaud & Carteret) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster glacialis''
(Bidaud & Reumaux) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster glaucocyanopus''
(Rob. Henry) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster herpeticus''
(Fr.) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster imbricatoides''
(Rob. Henry) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster iringa''
(Soop) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster ixomolynus''
(Soop) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster kaimanawa''
(Soop) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster laquellus''
(Soop) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster largoides''
(Rob. Henry ex Bidaud, Carteret & Reumaux) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster leucoluteolus''
(Rob. Henry) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster leucophanes''
(P. Karst.) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster lilaceolamellatus''
(Lebeuf, A. Paul, J. Landry & Y. Lamoureux) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster lustratus''
(Fr.) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster luteofuscus''
(Peck) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster magellanicus''
Singer (1951)
# ''
Thaxterogaster magicus''
(Eichhorn) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster malachioides''
(P.D. Orton) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster malvaceus''
(E. Horak) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster mariae''
(E. Horak) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster medioscaurus''
(Soop) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster melleicarneus''
(Kytöv., Liimat., Niskanen & Brandrud) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster mendax''
(Bidaud, Mahiques & Reumaux) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster microspermus''
(J.E. Lange) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster monaensis''
Liimat., Danhao Wang & Niskanen (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster montanus''
(Kauffman) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster multiformis''
(Fr.) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster mutabilis''
(A.H. Sm.) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster myxenosma''
(Soop) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster myxoclaricolor''
(M.M. Moser) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster nebulobrunneus''
(Danks, T. Lebel & Vernes) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster occidentalis''
(A.H. Sm.) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster ochroamarus''
(Niskanen, Kytöv. & Liimat.) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster ochroleucus''
(Schaeff.) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster ochropudorinus''
(Rob. Henry ex Bidaud & Reumaux) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster olivaceus''
(Peck) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster olorinatus''
(E. Horak) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster oregonensis''
(A.H. Sm.) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster ovreboi''
(Ammirati, Halling & Garnica) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster pallidirimosus''
(Kytöv., Liimat. & Niskanen) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster pallidoriederi''
(Brandrud, Dima & Bellù) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster parapluvius''
(Bidaud & Reumaux) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster parksianus''
(A.H. Sm.) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster parolivascens''
(Moënne-Locc. & Reumaux) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster periclymenus''
(Soop) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster peristeris''
(Soop) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster permagnificus''
(E. Horak) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster persicanus''
(Soop) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster picoides''
(Soop) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster pinophilus''
(Soop) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster pluvialis''
(Kühner) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster pluvius''
(Fr.) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster porphyropus''
(Alb. & Schwein.) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster pseudoarquatus''
(A.H. Sm.) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster pseudominor''
(Rob. Henry ex Reumaux) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster pseudotalus''
(Rob. Henry ex Bidaud & Reumaux) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster pseudotriumphans''
(M.M. Moser & E. Horak) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster psilomorphus''
(Soop) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster pugionipes''
(M.M. Moser) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster purpurascens''
(Fr.) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster reginae''
Niskanen, Liimat., Kytöv. & Danhao Wang (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster rhipiduranus''
(Soop) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster rhodophyllus''
(M.M. Moser & E. Horak) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster riederi''
(Weinm.) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster rufoallutus''
(Rob. Henry ex Bidaud & Reumaux) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster scaurus''
(Fr.) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster singularis''
(Soop) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster sphagnophilus''
(Peck) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster stilazureus''
(Rob. Henry) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster subinops''
(Reumaux) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster submagellanicus''
(Gasparini) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster subporphyropus''
(Pilát) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster subpurpurascens''
(Batsch) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster subsebaceus''
(Bidaud, Carteret & Reumaux) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster talimultiformis''
(Kytöv., Liimat., Niskanen, A.F.S. Taylor & Seslı) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster talus''
(Fr.) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster thalliopurpurascens''
(Rob. Henry) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster turcopes''
(Soop) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster turmalis''
(Fr.) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster ultimus''
Liimat., Danhao Wang, D. Savage & Niskanen (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster urbiculus
''Thaxterogaster'' is a genus of fungi in the family Cortinariaceae.
Taxonomy
The genus was created in 1951 by the German mycologist Rolf Singer to contain the Species nova, novel species ''Thaxterogaster magellanicum'' and ''Thaxterogaster v ...
''
(Soop) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster variegatus''
(Bres.) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster verniciorum''
(Soop) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster vespertinus''
(Fr.) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster vibratilis''
(Fr.) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster violaceonitens''
(Rob. Henry) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster virentophyllus''
(Kauffman) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
# ''
Thaxterogaster xiphidipus''
(M.M. Moser & E. Horak) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
Morphological Description
Characterized by agaricoid or sequestrate, small-large sized basidiomata. Pileus at first hemispherical, convex to plano-convex with age, smooth, fibrillose or scaly, dry to viscid to glutinous, hygrophanous to non-hygrophanous; white, yellow, pale to dark brown with gray, ochraceous or red tints (some species displaying olivaceous hues).
Section Unfinished
References
Agaricales genera
Cortinariaceae
Long stubs with short prose
{{Cortinariaceae-stub