The Texas Math and Science Coaches Association, or TMSCA, is an organization for coaches of academic
University Interscholastic League
The University Interscholastic League (UIL) is an organization that creates rules for and administers almost all athletic, musical, and academic contests for public primary and secondary schools in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the largest organ ...
teams in
Texas
Texas ( , ; or ) is the most populous U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. It borders Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the we ...
elementary schools
A primary school (in Ireland, India, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, South Africa, and Singapore), elementary school, or grade school (in North America and the Philippines) is a school for primary ...
,
middle school
Middle school, also known as intermediate school, junior high school, junior secondary school, or lower secondary school, is an educational stage between primary school and secondary school.
Afghanistan
In Afghanistan, middle school includes g ...
s and
high school
A secondary school, high school, or senior school, is an institution that provides secondary education. Some secondary schools provide both ''lower secondary education'' (ages 11 to 14) and ''upper secondary education'' (ages 14 to 18), i.e., ...
s, specifically those that compete in
mathematics
Mathematics is a field of study that discovers and organizes methods, Mathematical theory, theories and theorems that are developed and Mathematical proof, proved for the needs of empirical sciences and mathematics itself. There are many ar ...
and
science
Science is a systematic discipline that builds and organises knowledge in the form of testable hypotheses and predictions about the universe. Modern science is typically divided into twoor threemajor branches: the natural sciences, which stu ...
-related tests.
Events
There are four events in the TMSCA at the elementary, middle, and high school levels: Number Sense, General Mathematics, Calculator Applications, and General Science.
Number Sense is an 80-question exam that students are given only 10 minutes to solve. Calculations can be done with a certain trick or shortcut that makes them feasible mentally. Additionally, no scratch work or paper calculations are allowed and almost everything has to be done mentally. All correct problems are awarded and for every problem wrong or skipped before the last problem attempted 4 points are deducted. These questions range from simple calculations such as 99+98 to more complicated operations such as 1001×1938.
The high school exam includes calculus and other difficult topics in the questions also with the same rules applied as to the middle school version.
It is well known that the grading for this event is particularly stringent as errors such as writing over a line or crossing out potential answers are considered incorrect answers.
General Mathematics is a 50-question exam that students are given only 40 minutes to solve. These problems are usually more challenging than questions on the Number Sense test, and the General Mathematics word problems take more thinking to figure out. Every problem correct is worth 5 points, and for every problem incorrect, 2 points are deducted. There is no penalty or points awarded for skipped problems. Tiebreakers are determined by the person who misses the first problem and by percent accuracy. The material on the test ranges from
Algebra I
Algebra is a branch of mathematics that deals with abstract systems, known as algebraic structures, and the manipulation of expressions within those systems. It is a generalization of arithmetic that introduces variables and algebraic operati ...
and II,
trigonometry
Trigonometry () is a branch of mathematics concerned with relationships between angles and side lengths of triangles. In particular, the trigonometric functions relate the angles of a right triangle with ratios of its side lengths. The fiel ...
,
analytic geometry
In mathematics, analytic geometry, also known as coordinate geometry or Cartesian geometry, is the study of geometry using a coordinate system. This contrasts with synthetic geometry.
Analytic geometry is used in physics and engineering, and als ...
, and
pre-calculus
In mathematics education, precalculus is a course, or a set of courses, that includes algebra and trigonometry at a level that is designed to prepare students for the study of calculus, thus the name precalculus. Schools often distinguish betwe ...
with problems adjusted for the middle school level.
Calculator Applications or Calculator is an 80-question exam that students are given only 30 minutes to solve. This test requires the use of a calculator, knowledge of a few crucial formulas, and much speed and intensity. Memorizing formulas, tips, and tricks will not be enough. The problems cover basic
arithmetic operations
Arithmetic is an elementary branch of mathematics that deals with numerical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and Division (mathematics), division. In a wider sense, it also includes exponentiation, extraction of nth root, ...
logarithms
In mathematics, the logarithm of a number is the exponent by which another fixed value, the base, must be raised to produce that number. For example, the logarithm of to base is , because is to the rd power: . More generally, if , the ...
,
trigonometric functions
In mathematics, the trigonometric functions (also called circular functions, angle functions or goniometric functions) are real functions which relate an angle of a right-angled triangle to ratios of two side lengths. They are widely used in all ...
and
inverse trigonometric functions
In mathematics, the inverse trigonometric functions (occasionally also called ''antitrigonometric'', ''cyclometric'', or ''arcus'' functions) are the inverse functions of the trigonometric functions, under suitably restricted Domain of a functi ...
. The problems are adjusted for the middle school level. In this event, plenty of practice is necessary in order to master the locations of the keys and develop the speed necessary. All correct questions are worth 5 points and all incorrect questions or skipped questions that are before the last answered questions will lose 4 points; answers are to be given with three significant figures.
Science is a 50-question exam that is solved in 40 minutes at the middle school level or a 60-question exam that is solved in a 2-hour time limit at the high school level. Tiebreakers are determined by the person who misses the first problem and by percent accuracy. The test covers an extremely wide range of science topics from biology to chemistry to physics. Questions can be on the basic principles of a science, the history of it, major scientists from that field, and data analysis.
Competitions
Individual schools that are members of TMSCA can host invitational competitions using TMSCA-released tests. Many schools use this as a fund-raising opportunity for their competitive math program.
TMSCA also hosts two statewide competitions for member schools each year, one at the middle school level and one at the high school level, as well as a qualification competition at the middle school level before the state competition, also known as the Regional Qualifier. At the Regional Qualifier students have to exceed a certain cutoff score that varies per event to qualify. These cutoff scores also vary by grade (6th, 7th, 8th) and school size (1A-4A, 5A-6A). The higher the grade the higher the cutoff and the larger the school the higher the cutoff. The statewide competitions are held at the
University of Texas at San Antonio
The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA or UT San Antonio) is a Public university, public research university in San Antonio, Texas, United States. Established in 1969,UIL tournaments, which occur shortly after, and for middle school students are their only opportunity to compete at the state level (UIL competitions at the middle school level do not go beyond district). At the statewide competition, students have the opportunity to win scholarships based on their performance at the meet.
Grading
For the General Mathematics and General Science contests in middle school, 5 points are awarded for each correct answer and 2 points are deducted for each incorrect answer. In the high school contest, 6 points are awarded for each correct answer and 2 points are deducted for each incorrect answer. The official way to calculate the score is to multiply the number of questions you attempted by 5 and subtract 7 for each incorrect question. Unanswered questions do not affect the score. Thus, competitors are penalized for guessing incorrectly. For both General Mathematics and General Science a perfect score is 250.
On the Number Sense test, scoring is 5 times the last question answered (a student answering 32 questions would be awarded 160 points) after which 9 points are deducted for incorrect answers, problems skipped up to the last attempted question, and markovers/erasures, (so if the student above missed one and skipped three questions the student would end up with 124 points). Number sense tests are also checked for possible scratch work, overwrites, and erasures which if found could result in questions being counted as incorrect or tests being disqualified. The perfect score for both Number Sense and Calculator is 400.
The Calculator Applications test multiplies 5 times the last question answered and deducts 9 points for incorrect or skipped questions, similar to Number Sense, but scratch work, markovers/erasures, and the use of a calculator are allowed.
Results
At almost all TMSCA competitions, students are ranked against each other in their specific grade level. For example, all eighth graders compete against each other, all seventh graders compete against each other, and so on. This ensures parity of competition since students in higher grades generally tend to score higher than students in lower grades. Particularly at the high school level, there is a stark contrast between freshmen with little real math and science experience and seniors, who presumably have taken or are taking
advanced placement
Advanced Placement (AP) is a program in the United States and Canada created by the College Board. AP offers undergraduate university-level curricula and examinations to high school students. Colleges and universities in the US and elsewhere ...