''Tetramorium'' is a genus of
ants in the subfamily
Myrmicinae
Myrmicinae is a subfamily of ants, with about 140 extant genera; their distribution is cosmopolitan. The pupae lack cocoons. Some species retain a functional sting. The petioles of Myrmicinae consist of two nodes. The nests are permanent and ...
that includes more than 520 species.
[ These ants are also known as pavement ants.
]
Taxonomy and phylogeny
''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publication as '' Monomorium''.
Revision within the genus by Wagner et al. in 2017 recognized a complex of 10 cryptic species, 3 of which were raised from subspecies classifications and 2 of which were newly described. This revision also elevated the pavement ant introduced to North America as the species ''T. immigrans'' rather than the previous designation as a subspecies of ''T. caespitum''. These 10 species within in the ''T. caespitum'' complex are as follows:[
* '']Tetramorium alpestre
''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...
'' Steiner, Schlick-Steiner & Seifert, 2010
* ''Tetramorium breviscapus
''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publ ...
'' Wagner et al., 2017
* '' Tetramorium caespitum'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
* ''Tetramorium caucasicum
''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...
'' Wagner et al., 2017
* ''Tetramorium fusciclava
''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publ ...
'' Consani & Zangheri, 1952
* ''Tetramorium hungaricum
''Tetramorium hungaricum'' is a species of ant
Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera. Ants evolved from vespoid wasp ancestors in the Cretaceou ...
'' Röszler, 1935
* ''Tetramorium immigrans
''Tetramorium immigrans''—also known as the immigrant pavement ant, pavement ant, and the sugar ant in parts of North America—is an ant native to Europe, which also occurs as an introduced pest in North America. Its common name comes from the ...
'' Santschi, 1927
* ''Tetramorium impurum
''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publ ...
'' (Foerster, 1850)
* '' Tetramorium indocile'' Santschi, 1927
* '' Tetramorium staerckei'' Kratochvíl, 1944
Description
Workers of most species have a ridged clypeus, an appendaged stinger, mandibles with 3 or 4 teeth, and antennae with 11 or 12 segments or with 3-segmented clubs on the tips.[ The genus is divided into several species groups defined by various characters.][
]
Distribution
Most species are distributed throughout the Afrotropical and Oriental regions. Ten species have been recorded from Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
. One species of pavement ant, '' T. immigrans'', is native to Europe and was probably introduced to North America starting in the 18th century.[Jacobs, S]
Pavement Ant.
Penn State Extension. 2014.[
]
Biology
Most known species nest in the soil, in decaying wood, or in leaf litter. Some live in trees or in termite nests.[
]
Species
* '' Tetramorium aculeatum'' (Mayr, 1866)
* ''Tetramorium adelphon
''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...
'' Bolton, 1979
* ''Tetramorium adpressum
''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...
'' (Bolton, 1976)
* ''Tetramorium aegeum
''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...
'' Radchenko, 1992
* '' Tetramorium africanum'' (Mayr, 1866)
* '' Tetramorium agile'' Arnold, 1960
* '' Tetramorium agnum'' (Santschi, 1935)
* '' Tetramorium akermani'' Arnold, 1926
* '' Tetramorium altivagans'' Santschi, 1914
* ''Tetramorium alpestre
''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...
'' Steiner, Schlick-Steiner & Seifert, 2010
* '' Tetramorium amalae'' Sharaf & Aldawood, 2012[
* '' Tetramorium amatongae'' Bolton, 1980
* '' Tetramorium amaurum'' Bolton, 1980
* '' Tetramorium amentete'' Bolton, 1980
* '' Tetramorium amissum'' Bolton, 1980
* '' Tetramorium amium'' Forel, 1912
* '']Tetramorium andrei
''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...
'' Forel, 1892
* ''Tetramorium andrynicum
''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publ ...
'' Bolton, 1977
* ''Tetramorium angulinode
''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...
'' Santschi, 1910
* '' Tetramorium anodontion'' Bolton, 1979
* ''Tetramorium antennatum
''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...
'' (Mann, 1919)
* ''Tetramorium antipodum
''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...
'' Wheeler, 1927
* ''Tetramorium antrema
''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...
'' (Bolton, 1976)
* '' Tetramorium anxium'' Santschi, 1914
* ''Tetramorium aptum
''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...
'' Bolton, 1977
* ''Tetramorium argenteopilosum
''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...
'' Arnold, 1926
* ''Tetramorium armatum
''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...
'' Santschi, 1927
* ''Tetramorium arnoldi
''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...
'' (Forel, 1913)
* '' Tetramorium arzi'' Thome, 1969
* ''Tetramorium asetyum
''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...
'' Bolton, 1980
* '' Tetramorium aspersum'' (Smith, 1865)
* ''Tetramorium ataxium
''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...
'' Bolton, 1980
* ''Tetramorium avium
''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...
'' Bolton, 1980
* ''Tetramorium banyulense
''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...
'' Bernard, 1983
* '' Tetramorium barbigerum'' Bolton, 1980
* ''Tetramorium barryi
''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...
'' Mathew, 1981
* ''Tetramorium basum
''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...
'' Bolton, 1977
* '' Tetramorium baufra'' (Bolton, 1976)
* ''