Tetragnatha Bituberculata

''Tetragnatha'' is a genus of long-jawed orb-weavers found all over the world. It was first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804, and it contains hundreds of species. Most occur in the tropics and subtropics, and many can run over water. They are commonly called stretch spiders in reference to their elongated body form and their ability to hide on blades of grass or similar elongated substrates by stretching their front legs forward and the others behind them. The name ''Tetragnatha'' is derived from Greek, ''tetra-'' a numerical prefix referring to four and ''gnatha'' meaning jaw. Evolution to cursorial behavior occurred long ago in a few different species, the most studied being those found on the Hawaiian islands. One of the biggest and most common species is '' T. extensa'', which has a holarctic distribution. It can be found near lakes, river banks or swamps. Large numbers of individuals can often be found in reeds, tall grass, and around minor trees and shrubs.

''Tetragnatha'' species are hard to separate from each other without a microscope to scrutinize the genitalia of a mature individual. Hawaiian ''Tetragnatha'' appear to distinguish each other via
highly specific chemical compounds in their silk. These chemical differences are especially prominent amongst sympatric and closely-related species. This may constitute a form of chemical species recognition.

Cursorial species found on Hawaiian archipelago

The Tetragnatha spiders found on the Hawaiian archipelago are believed to have no more than three colonization events, two from web building species and one from cursorial species. This is because a species of mainland Tetragnatha spider was found to be more closely related to web building spiders on the Hawaiian islands than the cursorial species. This means that the divergence of web building and cursorial spiders must have occurred off the islands. There have been many events of cursorial evolution in various spider species around the world, including a few Tetragnatha species, although many species have not been thoroughly studied. The factors leading to this change of behavior is not well understood, although study of the Hawaiian Tetragnatha species can lead to some suggestions. Environmental factors, such as landscape and prey diversity play an important role in influencing the structure of webs in web building spiders. This could be a reasonable explanation for the loss of web function and evolving to a cursorial behavior.

Species

it contains 320 species and ten subspecies, found all over the world, including Greenland:

*'' T. acuta'' Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii
*'' T. aenea'' Cantor, 1842 – China
*'' T. aetherea'' (Simon, 1894) – Venezuela
*'' T. albida'' Gillespie, 1994 – Hawaii
*'' T. amazonica'' Castanheira, Baptista & Oliveira, 2022 – Venezuela
*'' T. amoena'' Okuma, 1987 – New Guinea
*'' T. anamitica'' Walckenaer, 1841 – Vietnam
*'' T. andamanensis'' Tikader, 1977 – India (Andaman Is.), Bangladesh
*'' T. andonea'' Lawrence, 1927 – Namibia
*'' T. angolaensis'' Okuma & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1988 – Angola
*'' T. anguilla'' Thorell, 1877 – Indonesia (Java, Sulawesi), New Guinea, Australia
*'' T. angulata'' Hogg, 1914 – Australia (Western Australia)
*'' T. anuenue'' Gillespie, 2002 – Hawaii
*'' T. argentinensis'' Mello-Leitão, 1931 – Argentina
*'' T. armata'' Karsch, 1892 – Sri Lanka
*'' T. atriceps'' Banks, 1898 – Mexico
*'' T. atristernis'' Strand, 1913 – Central Africa
*'' T. baculiferens'' Hingston, 1927 – Myanmar
*'' T. beccarii'' Caporiacco, 1947 – Guyana
*'' T. bengalensis'' Walckenaer, 1841 – India
*'' T. bicolor'' White, 1841 – Australia (Tasmania)
*'' T. bifurcata'' Li & Liu, 2022 – China
*'' T. bimaculata'' Li & Liu, 2022 – China
*'' T. biseriata'' Thorell, 1881 – New Guinea, Papua New Guinea (New Britain), Australia (Queensland)
*'' T. bituberculata'' L. Koch, 1867 – Japan, New Guinea, Australia
*'' T. boeleni'' Chrysanthus, 1975 – New Guinea
*'' T. bogotensis'' Keyserling, 1865 – Mexico to Paraguay, Caribbean, Italy (Sardinia), Africa, Seychelles, Yemen, India, Nepal, China
*'' T. boninensis'' Okuma, 1981 – Japan
*'' T. brachychelis'' Caporiacco, 1947 – Tanzania, Kenya
*'' T. branda'' Levi, 1981 – USA
*'' T. brevignatha'' Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii
*'' T. bryantae'' Roewer, 1951 – Puerto Rico
*'' T. caffra'' (Strand, 1909) – South Africa
*'' T. cambridgei'' Roewer, 1942 – Mexico, Central America, Puerto Rico
*'' T. caudata'' Emerton, 1884 – North, Central America, Cuba, Jamaica
*'' T. caudicula'' (Karsch, 1879) – Russia (Far East), China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan
*'' T. caudifera'' (Keyserling, 1887) – Australia (New South Wales)
*'' T. cavaleriei'' Schenkel, 1963 – China
*'' T. cephalothoracis'' Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia
*'' T. ceylonica'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 – South Africa, Seychelles, India, Thailand, Philippines, New Guinea, Japan (Ryukyu Is.)
*'' T. chauliodus'' (Thorell, 1890) – India, Myanmar to New Guinea, Japan
*'' T. cheni'' Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – China
*'' T. chinensis'' (Chamberlin, 1924) – China
*'' T. chiyokoae'' Castanheira & Baptista, 2020 — China, Taiwan, Japan
*'' T. chrysochlora'' ( Audouin, 1826) – Egypt
*'' T. cladognatha'' Bertkau, 1880 – Brazil
*'' T. clavigera'' Simon, 1887 – Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Congo
*'' T. cochinensis'' Gravely, 1921 – India
*'' T. coelestis'' Pocock, 1901 – India
*'' T. cognata'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 – Guatemala to Panama
*'' T. conica'' Grube, 1861 – Russia (Far East)
*'' T. corsica'' Simon, 1929 – France (Corsica)
*'' T. crassichelata'' Chrysanthus, 1975 – New Guinea
*'' T. cristata'' Castanheira, Baptista & Oliveira, 2022 – Brazil, Argentina
*'' T. cuneiventris'' Simon, 1900 – Hawaii
*'' T. cylindracea'' (Keyserling, 1887) – Australia (Queensland, New South Wales)
*'' T. cylindrica'' Walckenaer, 1841 – New Guinea, Australia, Fiji
*'' T. cylindriformis'' Lawrence, 1952 – Congo
*'' T. dearmata'' Thorell, 1873 – North America, Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East)
*'' T. delumbis'' Thorell, 1891 – India (Nicobar Is.)
*'' T. demissa'' L. Koch, 1872 – Australia. Introduced to Cyprus, South Africa, Tanzania, Seychelles, Tonga
*'' T. dentatidens'' Simon, 1907 – Sierra Leone, Congo
*'' T. desaguni'' Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
*'' T. determinata'' Karsch, 1892 – Sri Lanka
*'' T. didorata'' Castanheira, Baptista & Oliveira, 2022 – Brazil
*'' T. digitata'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899 – Mexico, Costa Rica
*'' T. earmra'' Levi, 1981 – USA, Antigua, Martinique
*'' T. eberhardi'' Okuma, 1992 – Panama
*'' T. elongata'' Walckenaer, 1841 – Canada to Argentina, Caribbean
**'' Tetragnatha e. debilis'' Thorell, 1877 – USA
**'' Tetragnatha e. principalis'' Thorell, 1877 – USA
**'' Tetragnatha e. undulata'' Thorell, 1877 – USA
*'' T. elyunquensis'' Petrunkevitch, 1930 – Jamaica, Puerto Rico
*'' T. esakii'' Okuma, 1988 – Taiwan
*'' T. eumorpha'' Okuma, 1987 – New Guinea
*'' T. eurychasma'' Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii
*'' T. exigua'' Chickering, 1957 – Jamaica
*'' T. exquista'' Saito, 1933 – Japan
*'' T. extensa'' (Linnaeus, 1758) (type) – North America, Greenland, Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Iraq, Iran, Kazakhstan, Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan
**'' Tetragnatha e. brachygnatha'' Thorell, 1873 – Sweden, Russia (Kamchatka)
**'' Tetragnatha e. maracandica'' Charitonov, 1951 – Iran, Central Asia
**'' Tetragnatha e. pulchra'' Kulczyński, 1891 – Hungary
*'' T. fallax'' Thorell, 1881 – Indonesia
*'' T. farri'' Chickering, 1962 – Jamaica
*'' T. filiciphilia'' Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii
*'' T. filipes'' Schenkel, 1936 – China
*'' T. filum'' Simon, 1907 – Congo, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), São Tomé and Príncipe
*'' T. flagellans'' Hasselt, 1882 – Indonesia (Sumatra)
*'' T. flava'' (Audouin, 1826) – Egypt
*'' T. flavida'' Urquhart, 1891 – New Zealand
*'' T. fletcheri'' Gravely, 1921 – India, Bangladesh
*'' T. foai'' Simon, 1902 – Central, East Africa
*'' T. foliferens'' Hingston, 1927 – India (Nicobar Is.)
*'' T. foveata'' Karsch, 1892 – Sri Lanka, Laccadive Is., Maldive Is.
*'' T. fragilis'' Chickering, 1957 – Panama
*'' T. franganilloi'' Brignoli, 1983 – Cuba
*'' T. friedericii'' Strand, 1913 – New Guinea
*'' T. gemmata'' L. Koch, 1872 – Australia (Queensland)
*'' T. geniculata'' Karsch, 1892 – Sri Lanka to China, Vietnam
*'' T. gertschi'' Chickering, 1957 – Panama
*'' T. gibbula'' Roewer, 1942 – French Guiana
*'' T. gongshan'' Zhao & Peng, 2010 – China
*'' T. gracilis'' (Bryant, 1923) – USA, Antigua, Martinique
*'' T. gracillima'' (Thorell, 1890) – Indonesia (Sumatra)
*'' T. granti'' Pocock, 1903 – Yemen (Socotra)
*''Tetragnatha gressitti, T. gressitti'' Okuma, 1988 – Borneo
*''Tetragnatha gressittorum, T. gressittorum'' Okuma, 1987 – New Guinea
*''Tetragnatha guatemalensis, T. guatemalensis'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 – North, Central America, Cuba, Jamaica
*''Tetragnatha gui, T. gui'' Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – China
*''Tetragnatha hamata, T. hamata'' Thorell, 1898 – Myanmar
*''Tetragnatha hasselti, T. hasselti'' Thorell, 1890 – India to China, Indonesia (Sulawesi)
**''Tetragnatha hasselti, Tetragnatha h. birmanica'' Sherriffs, 1919 – Myanmar
*''Tetragnatha hastula, T. hastula'' Simon, 1907 – Sierra Leone, Gabon, São Tomé and Príncipe
*''Tetragnatha hawaiensis, T. hawaiensis'' Simon, 1900 – Hawaii
*''Tetragnatha heongi, T. heongi'' Barrion & Barrion-Dupo, 2011 – China
*''Tetragnatha hirashimai, T. hirashimai'' Okuma, 1987 – New Guinea
*''Tetragnatha hiroshii, T. hiroshii'' Okuma, 1988 – Taiwan
*''Tetragnatha hulli, T. hulli'' Caporiacco, 1955 – Venezuela
*''Tetragnatha insularis, T. insularis'' Okuma, 1987 – Australia (Lord Howe Is.)
*''Tetragnatha insulicola, T. insulicola'' Okuma, 1987 – Australia (Lord Howe Is.)
*''Tetragnatha intermedia, T. intermedia'' Kulczyński, 1891 – Madeira, Portugal to Turkey
*''Tetragnatha iriomotensis, T. iriomotensis'' Okuma, 1991 – Japan (Okinawa Prefecture, Okinawa)
*''Tetragnatha irridescens, T. irridescens'' Ferdinand Stoliczka, Stoliczka, 1869 – India
*''Tetragnatha isidis, T. isidis'' (Simon, 1880) – Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Iran, Kazakhstan to India
*''Tetragnatha iwahigensis, T. iwahigensis'' Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
*''Tetragnatha jaculator, T. jaculator'' Albert Tullgren, Tullgren, 1910 – Africa to China, New Guinea. Introduced to Barbados, Trinidad
*''Tetragnatha javana, T. javana'' (Thorell, 1890) – Africa, Asia
*''Tetragnatha jejuna, T. jejuna'' (Thorell, 1897) – Myanmar
*''Tetragnatha josephi, T. josephi'' Okuma, 1988 – India, Malaysia, Singapore
*''Tetragnatha jubensis, T. jubensis'' Pavesi, 1895 – Ethiopia
*''Tetragnatha kamakou, T. kamakou'' Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii
*''Tetragnatha kapua, T. kapua'' Gillespie, 2003 – Marquesas Is.
*''Tetragnatha kauaiensis, T. kauaiensis'' Simon, 1900 – Hawaii
*''Tetragnatha kea, T. kea'' Gillespie, 1994 – Hawaii
*''Tetragnatha keyserlingi, T. keyserlingi'' Simon, 1890 – Central America, Caribbean, Brazil, Africa, Korea, India to Philippines, New Hebrides, Polynesia
*''Tetragnatha khanjahani, T. khanjahani'' Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 1996 – Bangladesh
*''Tetragnatha kikokiko, T. kikokiko'' Gillespie, 2002 – Hawaii
*''Tetragnatha kiwuana, T. kiwuana'' Strand, 1913 – Central Africa
*''Tetragnatha klossi, T. klossi'' Hogg, 1919 – Indonesia (Sumatra)
*''Tetragnatha kolosvaryi, T. kolosvaryi'' Caporiacco, 1949 – Kenya
*''Tetragnatha kukuhaa, T. kukuhaa'' Gillespie, 2002 – Hawaii
*''Tetragnatha kukuiki, T. kukuiki'' Gillespie, 2002 – Hawaii
*''Tetragnatha labialis, T. labialis'' Nicolet, 1849 – Chile
*''Tetragnatha laboriosa, T. laboriosa'' Nicholas Marcellus Hentz, Hentz, 1850 – North, Central America
*''Tetragnatha laminalis, T. laminalis'' Strand, 1907 – East Africa
*''Tetragnatha lancinans, T. lancinans'' Kulczyński, 1911 – New Guinea
*''Tetragnatha laqueata, T. laqueata'' L. Koch, 1872 – Japan (Ogasawara Is.) to South Pacific Is.
*''Tetragnatha latro, T. latro'' Tullgren, 1910 – East Africa
*''Tetragnatha lauta, T. lauta'' Yaginuma, 1959 – China (Hong Kong), Korea, Laos, Taiwan, Japan
*''Tetragnatha lea, T. lea'' Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 – Russia (Far East), Japan, Korea?
*''Tetragnatha lena, T. lena'' Gillespie, 2003 – Hawaii
*''Tetragnatha lepida, T. lepida'' Rainbow, 1916 – Australia (Queensland)
*''Tetragnatha levii, T. levii'' Okuma, 1992 – Mexico
*''Tetragnatha limu, T. limu'' Gillespie, 2003 – Hawaii
*''Tetragnatha lineatula, T. lineatula'' Roewer, 1942 – Malaysia
*''Tetragnatha linyphioides, T. linyphioides'' Karsch, 1878 – Mozambique
*''Tetragnatha llavaca, T. llavaca'' Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
*''Tetragnatha luculenta, T. luculenta'' Simon, 1907 – Guinea-Bissau
*''Tetragnatha luteocincta, T. luteocincta'' Simon, 1908 – Australia (Western Australia)
*''Tetragnatha mabelae, T. mabelae'' Chickering, 1957 – Panama, Trinidad
*''Tetragnatha macilenta, T. macilenta'' L. Koch, 1872 – Australia (Norfolk Is.) to French Polynesia (Society Is.)
*''Tetragnatha macracantha, T. macracantha'' Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii
*''Tetragnatha macrops, T. macrops'' Simon, 1907 – São Tomé and Príncipe
*''Tetragnatha maculata, T. maculata'' John Blackwall, Blackwall, 1865 – Cape Verde Is.
*''Tetragnatha maeandrata, T. maeandrata'' Simon, 1908 – Australia (Western Australia)
*''Tetragnatha maka, T. maka'' Gillespie, 1994 – Hawaii
*''Tetragnatha makiharai, T. makiharai'' Okuma, 1977 – Russia (Far East), Japan (mainland, Ryukyu Is.)
*''Tetragnatha mandibulata, T. mandibulata'' Walckenaer, 1841 – Central America, Caribbean, Guyana, Brazil, West Africa, India to Philippines, Australia
*''Tetragnatha maralba, T. maralba'' Roberts, 1983 – Seychelles (Aldabra)
*''Tetragnatha margaritata, T. margaritata'' L. Koch, 1872 – Australia (Queensland)
*''Tetragnatha marginata, T. marginata'' (Thorell, 1890) – Myanmar to New Caledonia
*''Tetragnatha marquesiana, T. marquesiana'' Lucien Berland, Berland, 1935 – Marquesas Is.
*''Tetragnatha martinicensis, T. martinicensis'' Dierkens, 2011 – Martinique
*''Tetragnatha mawambina, T. mawambina'' Strand, 1913 – Central Africa
*''Tetragnatha megalocera, T. megalocera'' Castanheira & Baptista, 2020 — Brazil
*''Tetragnatha mengsongica, T. mengsongica'' Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – China
*''Tetragnatha mertoni, T. mertoni'' Strand, 1911 – Indonesia (Aru Is.)
*''Tetragnatha mexicana, T. mexicana'' Keyserling, 1865 – Mexico to Panama
*''Tetragnatha micrura, T. micrura'' Kulczyński, 1911 – New Guinea, Solomon Is.
*''Tetragnatha minitabunda, T. minitabunda'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872 – Syria, Lebanon, Israel
*''Tetragnatha modica, T. modica'' Kulczyński, 1911 – New Guinea
*''Tetragnatha mohihi, T. mohihi'' Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii
*''Tetragnatha montana, T. montana'' Simon, 1874 – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Central Asia
**''Tetragnatha montana, Tetragnatha m. timorensis'' Schenkel, 1944 – Timor
*''Tetragnatha monticola, T. monticola'' Okuma, 1987 – New Guinea
*''Tetragnatha moua, T. moua'' Gillespie, 2003 – Tahiti
*''Tetragnatha moulmeinensis, T. moulmeinensis'' Gravely, 1921 – Myanmar
*''Tetragnatha multipunctata, T. multipunctata'' Urquhart, 1891 – New Zealand
*''Tetragnatha nana, T. nana'' Okuma, 1987 – New Guinea
*''Tetragnatha nandan, T. nandan'' Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – China
*''Tetragnatha nepaeformis, T. nepaeformis'' Carl Ludwig Doleschall, Doleschall, 1859 – Indonesia (Java)
*''Tetragnatha nero, T. nero'' Arthur Gardiner Butler, Butler, 1876 – Mauritius (Rodriguez)
*''Tetragnatha netrix, T. netrix'' Simon, 1900 – Hawaii
*''Tetragnatha nigricans, T. nigricans'' Dalmas, 1917 – New Zealand
*''Tetragnatha nigrigularis, T. nigrigularis'' Simon, 1898 – Seychelles
*''Tetragnatha nigrita, T. nigrita'' Lendl, 1886 – Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Central Asia, China, Japan
*''Tetragnatha niokolona, T. niokolona'' Roewer, 1961 – Senegal
*''Tetragnatha nitens, T. nitens'' (Audouin, 1826) – Asia. Introduced to the Americas, Madeira, Canary Is., Mediterranean, Madagascar, Pacific islands, New Zealand
*''Tetragnatha nitidiuscula, T. nitidiuscula'' Simon, 1907 – West Africa
*''Tetragnatha nitidiventris, T. nitidiventris'' Simon, 1907 – Guinea-Bissau
*''Tetragnatha notophilla, T. notophilla'' Boeris, 1889 – Peru
*''Tetragnatha noumeensis, T. noumeensis'' Berland, 1924 – New Caledonia
*''Tetragnatha novia, T. novia'' Simon, 1901 – Malaysia
*''Tetragnatha nubica, T. nubica'' Denis, 1955 – Niger
*''Tetragnatha obscura, T. obscura'' Gillespie, 2002 – Hawaii
*''Tetragnatha obscuriceps, T. obscuriceps'' Caporiacco, 1940 – Ethiopia
*''Tetragnatha obtusa, T. obtusa'' Ludwig Carl Christian Koch, C. L. Koch, 1837 – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Central Asia
**''Tetragnatha obtusa, Tetragnatha o. corsica'' Simon, 1929 – France (Corsica)
*''Tetragnatha oculata, T. oculata'' Denis, 1955 – Niger
*''Tetragnatha okumae, T. okumae'' Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
*''Tetragnatha olindana, T. olindana'' Karsch, 1880 – Polynesia
*''Tetragnatha oncognatha, T. oncognatha'' Castanheira, Baptista & Oliveira, 2022 – Brazil
*''Tetragnatha oomua, T. oomua'' Gillespie, 2003 – Marquesas Is.
*''Tetragnatha oreobia, T. oreobia'' Okuma, 1987 – New Guinea
*''Tetragnatha orizaba, T. orizaba'' (Banks, 1898) – Mexico, Cuba, Jamaica
*''Tetragnatha oubatchensis, T. oubatchensis'' Berland, 1924 – New Caledonia
*''Tetragnatha palikea, T. palikea'' Gillespie, 2003 – Hawaii
*''Tetragnatha pallescens, T. pallescens'' Frederick Octavius Pickard-Cambridge, F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1903 – North, Central America, Caribbean
*''Tetragnatha pallida, T. pallida'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 – Costa Rica, Panama
*''Tetragnatha paludicola, T. paludicola'' Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii
*''Tetragnatha paludis, T. paludis'' Caporiacco, 1940 – Ethiopia
*''Tetragnatha panopea, T. panopea'' L. Koch, 1872 - Polynesia and Lord Howe IslandMarples, B. J
"Spiders from some Pacific islands, II."
(1957)
*''Tetragnatha papuana, T. papuana'' Kulczyński, 1911 – New Guinea
*''Tetragnatha paradisea, T. paradisea'' Pocock, 1901 – India
*''Tetragnatha paradoxa, T. paradoxa'' Okuma, 1992 – Costa Rica
*''Tetragnatha paraguayensis, T. paraguayensis'' (Mello-Leitão, 1939) – Paraguay
*''Tetragnatha parvula, T. parvula'' Thorell, 1891 – India (Nicobar Is.)
*''Tetragnatha paschae, T. paschae'' Berland, 1924 – Easter Is.
*''Tetragnatha perkinsi, T. perkinsi'' Simon, 1900 – Hawaii
*''Tetragnatha perreirai, T. perreirai'' Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii
*''Tetragnatha phaeodactyla, T. phaeodactyla'' Kulczyński, 1911 – New Guinea
*''Tetragnatha pilosa, T. pilosa'' Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii
*''Tetragnatha pinicola, T. pinicola'' L. Koch, 1870 – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan
*''Tetragnatha piscatoria, T. piscatoria'' Simon, 1898 – Caribbean
*''Tetragnatha planata, T. planata'' Karsch, 1892 – Sri Lanka
*''Tetragnatha plena, T. plena'' Chamberlin, 1924 – China
*''Tetragnatha polychromata, T. polychromata'' Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii
*''Tetragnatha pradoi, T. pradoi'' Castanheira, Baptista & Oliveira, 2022 – Brazil, Argentina
*''Tetragnatha praedonia, T. praedonia'' L. Koch, 1878 – Russia (Far East), China, Laos, Korea, Taiwan, Japan
*''Tetragnatha priamus, T. priamus'' Okuma, 1987 – Solomon Is.
*''Tetragnatha protensa, T. protensa'' Walckenaer, 1841 – Madagascar to Australia, New Caledonia, Palau Is.
*''Tetragnatha puella, T. puella'' Thorell, 1895 – Myanmar, Indonesia (Sumatra), New Guinea
*''Tetragnatha pulchella, T. pulchella'' Thorell, 1877 – Indonesia (Sumatra, Sulawesi)
*''Tetragnatha punua, T. punua'' Gillespie, 2003 – Marquesas Is.
*''Tetragnatha quadrinotata, T. quadrinotata'' Urquhart, 1893 – Australia (Tasmania)
*''Tetragnatha quasimodo, T. quasimodo'' Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii
*''Tetragnatha quechua, T. quechua'' Chamberlin, 1916 – Peru
*''Tetragnatha radiata, T. radiata'' Chrysanthus, 1975 – New Guinea
*''Tetragnatha rava, T. rava'' Gillespie, 2003 – Tahiti
*''Tetragnatha reimoseri, T. reimoseri'' (Rosca, 1939) – Central, Eastern Europe
*''Tetragnatha renatoi, T. renatoi'' Castanheira & Baptista, 2020 — Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina
*''Tetragnatha reni, T. reni'' Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – China
*''Tetragnatha restricta, T. restricta'' Simon, 1900 – Hawaii
*''Tetragnatha retinens, T. retinens'' Chamberlin, 1924 – China
*''Tetragnatha rimandoi, T. rimandoi'' Barrion, 1998 – Philippines
*''Tetragnatha rimitarae, T. rimitarae'' Strand, 1911 – Polynesia
*''Tetragnatha riveti, T. riveti'' Berland, 1913 – Ecuador
*''Tetragnatha roeweri, T. roeweri'' Caporiacco, 1949 – Kenya
*''Tetragnatha rossi, T. rossi'' Chrysanthus, 1975 – New Guinea
*''Tetragnatha rouxi, T. rouxi'' (Berland, 1924) – New Caledonia
*''Tetragnatha rubriventris, T. rubriventris'' Doleschall, 1857 – New Guinea, Australia (Queensland)
*''Tetragnatha scopus, T. scopus'' Chamberlin, 1916 – Peru
*''Tetragnatha serra, T. serra'' Doleschall, 1857 – Thailand to China (Hong Kong), New Guinea
*''Tetragnatha shanghaiensis, T. shanghaiensis'' Strand, 1907 – China
*''Tetragnatha shinanoensis, T. shinanoensis'' Okuma & Chikuni, 1978 – Korea, Japan
*''Tetragnatha shoshone, T. shoshone'' Levi, 1981 – USA, Canada, Europe, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China
*''Tetragnatha sidama, T. sidama'' Caporiacco, 1940 – Ethiopia
*''Tetragnatha signata, T. signata'' Okuma, 1987 – New Guinea
*''Tetragnatha simintina, T. simintina'' Roewer, 1961 – Senegal
*''Tetragnatha sinuosa, T. sinuosa'' Chickering, 1957 – Panama
*''Tetragnatha sobrina, T. sobrina'' Simon, 1900 – Hawaii
*''Tetragnatha sociella, T. sociella'' Chamberlin, 1924 – China
*''Tetragnatha squamata, T. squamata'' Karsch, 1879 – Russia (Far East), China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan
*''Tetragnatha stelarobusta, T. stelarobusta'' Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii
*''Tetragnatha stellarum, T. stellarum'' Chrysanthus, 1975 – New Guinea
*''Tetragnatha stimulifera, T. stimulifera'' Simon, 1907 – Congo
*''Tetragnatha straminea, T. straminea'' Emerton, 1884 – USA, Canada, Cuba
*''Tetragnatha strandi, T. strandi'' Lessert, 1915 – East, Southern Africa
**''Tetragnatha strandi, Tetragnatha s. melanogaster'' Günter Schmidt (arachnologist), Schmidt & Krause, 1993 – Comoros
*''Tetragnatha streichi, T. streichi'' Strand, 1907 – China
*''Tetragnatha striata, T. striata'' L. Koch, 1862 – Europe, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan
*''Tetragnatha subclavigera, T. subclavigera'' Strand, 1907 – Congo
*''Tetragnatha subesakii, T. subesakii'' Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – China
*''Tetragnatha subextensa, T. subextensa'' Petrunkevitch, 1930 – Jamaica, Puerto Rico
*''Tetragnatha subsquamata, T. subsquamata'' Okuma, 1985 – Tanzania, South Africa
*''Tetragnatha suoan, T. suoan'' Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – China
*''Tetragnatha sutherlandi, T. sutherlandi'' Gravely, 1921 – India
*''Tetragnatha tahuata, T. tahuata'' Gillespie, 2003 – Marquesas Is.
*''Tetragnatha tanigawai, T. tanigawai'' Okuma, 1988 – Japan (Ryukyu Is.)
*''Tetragnatha tantalus, T. tantalus'' Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii
*''Tetragnatha taylori, T. taylori'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891 – South Africa
*''Tetragnatha tenera, T. tenera'' Thorell, 1881 – India, Sri Lanka, Australia (Queensland)
*''Tetragnatha tenuis, T. tenuis'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 – Guatemala to Panama
*''Tetragnatha tenuissima, T. tenuissima'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 – Mexico, Caribbean to Brazil
*''Tetragnatha tincochacae, T. tincochacae'' Chamberlin, 1916 – Peru
*''Tetragnatha tipula, T. tipula'' (Simon, 1894) – West Africa
*''Tetragnatha tonkina, T. tonkina'' Simon, 1909 – Vietnam
*''Tetragnatha torrensis, T. torrensis'' Schmidt & Piepho, 1994 – Cape Verde Is.
*''Tetragnatha tortilis, T. tortilis'' Li & Liu, 2022 – China
*''Tetragnatha trichodes, T. trichodes'' Thorell, 1878 – Indonesia
*''Tetragnatha tristani, T. tristani'' Banks, 1909 – Costa Rica
*''Tetragnatha trituberculata, T. trituberculata'' Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii
*''Tetragnatha tuamoaa, T. tuamoaa'' Gillespie, 2003 – Society Is.
*''Tetragnatha tullgreni, T. tullgreni'' Lessert, 1915 – Central, East Africa
*''Tetragnatha uluhe, T. uluhe'' Gillespie, 2003 – Hawaii
*''Tetragnatha uncifera, T. uncifera'' Simon, 1900 – Hawaii
*''Tetragnatha unicornis, T. unicornis'' Tullgren, 1910 – East, South Africa
*''Tetragnatha vacillans, T. vacillans'' (Butler, 1876) – Mauritius (Rodriguez)
*''Tetragnatha valida, T. valida'' Keyserling, 1887 – Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Tasmania)
*''Tetragnatha vermiformis, T. vermiformis'' Emerton, 1884 – Temperate and tropical Asia. Introduced to North and Central America, Brazil
*''Tetragnatha versicolor, T. versicolor'' Walckenaer, 1841 – North, Central America, Cuba
*''Tetragnatha virescens, T. virescens'' Okuma, 1979 – Bangladesh, Sri Lanka to Indonesia, Philippines
*''Tetragnatha viridis, T. viridis'' Walckenaer, 1841 – USA, Canada
*''Tetragnatha viridorufa, T. viridorufa'' Gravely, 1921 – India
*''Tetragnatha visenda, T. visenda'' Chickering, 1957 – Jamaica
*''Tetragnatha waikamoi, T. waikamoi'' Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii
*''Tetragnatha yalom, T. yalom'' Chrysanthus, 1975 – New Guinea, Papua New Guinea (Bismarck Arch.), Australia (Queensland)
*''Tetragnatha yesoensis, T. yesoensis'' Saito, 1934 – Russia (Far East), China, Korea, Japan
*''Tetragnatha yinae, T. yinae'' Zhao & Peng, 2010 – China
*''Tetragnatha yongquiang, T. yongquiang'' Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – China
*''Tetragnatha zangherii, T. zangherii'' (Caporiacco, 1926) – Italy
*''Tetragnatha zhaoi, T. zhaoi'' Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – China
*''Tetragnatha zhaoya, T. zhaoya'' Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – China

In synonymy:

*''T. aduncata'' Wang, 1991 = ''Tetragnatha hasselti'' Thorell, 1890
*''T. alba'' F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1903 = ''Tetragnatha laboriosa'' Hentz, 1850
*''T. amplidens'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 = ''Tetragnatha elongata'' Walckenaer, 1841
*''T. andina'' Taczanowski, 1878 = ''Tetragnatha bogotensis'' Keyserling, 1865
*''T. anirensis'' Strand, 1915 = ''Tetragnatha biseriata'' Thorell, 1881
*''T. antillana'' Simon, 1897 = ''Tetragnatha nitens'' (Audouin, 1826)
*''T. apheles'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 = ''Tetragnatha mexicana'' Keyserling, 1865
*''T. aptans'' Chamberlin, 1920 = ''Tetragnatha nitens'' (Audouin, 1826)
*''T. banksi'' McCook, 1894 = ''Tetragnatha guatemalensis'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889
*''T. bemalcuei'' Mello-Leitão, 1939 = ''Tetragnatha bogotensis'' Keyserling, 1865
*''T. borealis'' L. Koch, 1879 = ''Tetragnatha dearmata'' Thorell, 1873
*''T. boydi'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898 = ''Tetragnatha bogotensis'' Keyserling, 1865
*''T. boydi'' Tullgren, 1910 = ''Tetragnatha bogotensis'' Keyserling, 1865
*''T. caporiaccoi'' Platnick, 1993 = ''Tetragnatha nitens'' (Audouin, 1826)
*''T. casula'' Walckenaer, 1841 = ''Tetragnatha versicolor'' Walckenaer, 1841
*''T. cliens'' Chamberlin, 1924 = ''Tetragnatha nigrita'' Lendl, 1886
*''T. conformans'' Chamberlin, 1924 = ''Tetragnatha keyserlingi'' Simon, 1890
*''T. confraterna'' Banks, 1909 = ''Tetragnatha mandibulata'' Walckenaer, 1841
*''T. convexa'' Banks, 1898 = ''Tetragnatha versicolor'' Walckenaer, 1841
*''T. coreana'' Seo & Paik, 1981 = ''Tetragnatha vermiformis'' Emerton, 1884
*''T. culicivora'' Walckenaer, 1841 = ''Tetragnatha elongata'' Walckenaer, 1841
*''T. decipiens'' Badcock, 1932 = ''Tetragnatha nitens'' (Audouin, 1826)
*''T. dentigera'' F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1903 = ''Tetragnatha versicolor'' Walckenaer, 1841
*''T. earmra'' Levi, 1981 = ''Tetragnatha gracilis'' (Bryant, 1923)
*''T. eitapensis'' Strand, 1913 = ''Tetragnatha ceylonica'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869
*''T. elmora'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 = ''Tetragnatha nitens'' (Audouin, 1826)
*''T. ethodon'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 = ''Tetragnatha keyserlingi'' Simon, 1890
*''T. festina'' Bryant, 1945 = ''Tetragnatha nitens'' (Audouin, 1826)
*''T. filiformis'' (Audouin, 1826) = ''Tetragnatha flava'' (Audouin, 1826)
*''T. foliifera'' Simon, 1898 = ''Tetragnatha demissa'' L. Koch, 1872
*''T. fraterna'' Banks, 1898 = ''Tetragnatha guatemalensis'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889
*''T. fuerteventurensis'' Wunderlich, 1992 = ''Tetragnatha nitens'' (Audouin, 1826)
*''T. galapagoensis'' Banks, 1902 = ''Tetragnatha nitens'' (Audouin, 1826)
*''T. graciliventris'' Schenkel, 1963 = ''Tetragnatha mandibulata'' Walckenaer, 1841
*''T. grenda'' Roberts, 1983 = ''Tetragnatha demissa'' L. Koch, 1872
*''T. groenlandica'' Thorell, 1872 = ''Tetragnatha extensa'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
*''T. haitiensis'' Bryant, 1945 = ''Tetragnatha bogotensis'' Keyserling, 1865
*''T. harrodi'' Levi, 1951 = ''Tetragnatha dearmata'' Thorell, 1873
*''T. heatwolei'' Chrysanthus, 1975 = ''Tetragnatha bituberculata'' L. Koch, 1867
*''T. hotingchiehi'' Schenkel, 1963 = ''Tetragnatha nitens'' (Audouin, 1826)
*''T. huahinensis'' Berland, 1942 = ''Tetragnatha macilenta'' L. Koch, 1872
*''T. infuscata'' Benoit, 1978 = ''Tetragnatha mandibulata'' Walckenaer, 1841
*''T. intermedia'' Banks, 1898 = ''Tetragnatha guatemalensis'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889
*''T. japonica'' Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 = ''Tetragnatha keyserlingi'' Simon, 1890
*''T. kaestneri'' (Crome, 1954) = ''Tetragnatha reimoseri'' (Rosca, 1939)
*''T. kochi'' Thorell, 1895 = ''Tetragnatha keyserlingi'' Simon, 1890
*''T. kovblyuki'' Marusik, 2010 = ''Tetragnatha shoshone'' Levi, 1981
*''T. laudativa'' Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936 = ''Tetragnatha guatemalensis'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889
*''T. limnocharis'' Seeley, 1928 = ''Tetragnatha versicolor'' Walckenaer, 1841
*''T. listeri'' Gravely, 1921 = ''Tetragnatha keyserlingi'' Simon, 1890
*''T. mackenziei'' Gravely, 1921 = ''Tetragnatha vermiformis'' Emerton, 1884
*''T. maderiana'' Schenkel, 1938 (described as subspecies of ''T. extensa'') = ''Tetragnatha extensa'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
*''T. mandibulata'' Gravely, 1921 = ''Tetragnatha bogotensis'' Keyserling, 1865
*''T. manitoba'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 = ''Tetragnatha extensa'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
*''T. marianna'' Archer, 1940 = ''Tetragnatha versicolor'' Walckenaer, 1841
*''T. maxillosa'' Thorell, 1895 = ''Tetragnatha keyserlingi'' Simon, 1890
*''T. maxillosa'' Strand, 1911 = ''Tetragnatha keyserlingi'' Simon, 1890
*''T. modesta'' Hirst, 1911 = ''Tetragnatha ceylonica'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869
*''T. munda'' Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1929 = ''Tetragnatha versicolor'' Walckenaer, 1841
*''T. necatoria'' Tullgren, 1910 = ''Tetragnatha mandibulata'' Walckenaer, 1841
*''T. nigrita'' Strand, 1906 = ''Tetragnatha praedonia'' L. Koch, 1878
*''T. nitens'' (Hogg, 1911) = ''Tetragnatha nitens'' (Audouin, 1826)
*''T. nitens'' Wiehle, 1962 = ''Tetragnatha bogotensis'' Keyserling, 1865
*''T. numa'' Levi & Levi, 1955 = ''Tetragnatha laboriosa'' Hentz, 1850
*''T. obtusa'' Kulczyński, 1891 = ''Tetragnatha dearmata'' Thorell, 1873
*''T. pelusia'' (Audouin, 1826) = ''Tetragnatha nitens'' (Audouin, 1826)
*''T. peninsulana'' Banks, 1898 = ''Tetragnatha bogotensis'' Keyserling, 1865
*''T. peruviana'' Taczanowski, 1878 = ''Tetragnatha nitens'' (Audouin, 1826)
*''T. petrunkevitchi'' Caporiacco, 1947 = ''Tetragnatha mandibulata'' Walckenaer, 1841
*''T. pinea'' Seeley, 1928 = ''Tetragnatha viridis'' Walckenaer, 1841
*''T. potanini'' Schenkel, 1963 = ''Tetragnatha extensa'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
*''T. producta'' (Franganillo, 1930) = ''Tetragnatha nitens'' (Audouin, 1826)
*''T. propioides'' Schenkel, 1936 = ''Tetragnatha keyserlingi'' Simon, 1890
*''T. punctipes'' Westring, 1874 = ''Tetragnatha dearmata'' Thorell, 1873
*''T. qiuae'' Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 = ''Tetragnatha shoshone'' Levi, 1981
*''T. quadridens'' Dondale, 1966 = ''Tetragnatha demissa'' L. Koch, 1872
*''T. ramboi'' Mello-Leitão, 1943 = ''Tetragnatha bogotensis'' Keyserling, 1865
*''T. recurva'' Schenkel, 1936 = ''Tetragnatha squamata'' Karsch, 1879
*''T. rusticana'' Chickering, 1959 = ''Tetragnatha extensa'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
*''T. sanctitata'' Walckenaer, 1841 = ''Tetragnatha elongata'' Walckenaer, 1841
*''T. seminola'' Gertsch, 1936 = ''Tetragnatha nitens'' (Audouin, 1826)
*''T. seneca'' Seeley, 1928 = ''Tetragnatha guatemalensis'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889
*''T. shikokiana'' Yaginuma, 1960 = ''Tetragnatha vermiformis'' Emerton, 1884
*''T. siduo'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 = ''Tetragnatha elongata'' Walckenaer, 1841
*''T. soaresi'' Camargo, 1950 = ''Tetragnatha longidens'' Mello-Leitão, 1945
*''T. steckleri'' Gertsch & Ivie, 1936 = ''Tetragnatha nitens'' (Audouin, 1826)
*''T. trapezoides'' Walckenaer, 1841 = ''Tetragnatha versicolor'' Walckenaer, 1841
*''T. tropica'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 = ''Tetragnatha elongata'' Walckenaer, 1841
*''T. valoka'' Chrysanthus, 1975 = ''Tetragnatha biseriata'' Thorell, 1881
*''T. vermiventris'' Schenkel, 1963 = ''Tetragnatha javana'' (Thorell, 1890)
*''T. vicina'' Simon, 1897 = ''Tetragnatha nitens'' (Audouin, 1826)

See also

* List of Tetragnathidae species

References

{{Authority control

Tetragnathidae genera
Cosmopolitan spiders
Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille
Tetragnathidae