Testicular Trauma
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Testicular trauma is an injury to one or both
testicle A testicle or testis ( testes) is the gonad in all male bilaterians, including humans, and is Homology (biology), homologous to the ovary in females. Its primary functions are the production of sperm and the secretion of Androgen, androgens, p ...
s. Types of injuries include blunt, penetrating, and degloving. Because the testes are located within the
scrotum In most terrestrial mammals, the scrotum (: scrotums or scrota; possibly from Latin ''scortum'', meaning "hide" or "skin") or scrotal sac is a part of the external male genitalia located at the base of the penis. It consists of a sac of skin ...
, which hangs outside of the body, they do not have the protection of muscles and bones. This makes it easier for the testes to be struck, hit, kicked, or crushed, which occurs most often during
contact sport A contact sport is any sport where physical contact between competitors, or their environment, is an integral part of the game. For example, gridiron football. Contact may come about as the result of intentional or incidental actions by the playe ...
s. Testicles can be protected by wearing athletic cups during sports. Trauma to the testes can cause severe pain, bruising, swelling, and/or in severe cases even infertility. In most cases, the testes—which are made of a spongy material—can absorb some impact without serious damage. A rare type of testicular trauma, called
testicular rupture Testicular rupture is a rip or tear in the tunica albuginea resulting in extrusion of the testicular contents, including the seminiferous tubules. It is a rare complication of testicular trauma and can result from blunt or penetrating trauma, al ...
, occurs when a testicle receives a direct blow or is squeezed against the hard bones of the pelvis. This injury can cause blood to leak into the scrotum and possibly even infertility and other complications. In severe cases, surgery to repair the rupture—and thus save the testicle—may be necessary. In at least one case, testicular trauma was reported as the cause of a patient developing
systemic inflammatory response syndrome In immunology, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is an inflammation, inflammatory state affecting the whole body. It is the body's Immune response, response to an infectious or noninfectious Insult (medical), insult. Although the ...
(SIRS) despite otherwise minor trauma.KC Okonkwo, KL Wong and L Gilmer
Testicular trauma resulting in shock and systemic inflammatory response syndrome: a case report
''PubMed'' Cases J. 2008; 1:4. . .


See also

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Ball-busting Cock and ball torture (CBT) is a sexual activity involving the application of pain or constriction to the male genitals. This may involve directly painful activities, such as genital piercing, wax play, genital spanking, squeezing, ball-bus ...
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Groin attack A groin attack is a deliberate strike to the groin area of one's opponent. The technique can be quickly debilitating due to the sensitivity of the groin area and genitalia and is sometimes used as a self-defense technique. The technique is often ...
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Testicular torsion Testicular torsion occurs when the spermatic cord (from which the testicle is suspended) twists, cutting off the blood supply to the testicle. The most common symptom in children is sudden, severe testicular pain. The testicle may be higher tha ...


References


External links

{{Medical resources , DiseasesDB = , ICD10 = , ICD9 = , ICDO = , OMIM = , MedlinePlus = , eMedicineSubj = med , eMedicineTopic = 2859 , eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2, radio, 682 , MeshID = Testicle disorders Men's health