Terenah (from , in ), the unique ancient methods of ancient
Kukherd
Kukherdharang () is a city in, and the capital of Kukherdharang District of Bastak County, Hormozgan province, Iran. It is also the administrative center for Kukherd Rural District. Kukherd was traditionally part of the region of Larestan ...
population have been using to transfer the sweet water from
Mehran salty river to the other bank of the river order to water their lands.
The ''Terenah'' is a
water management
Water resources are natural resources of water that are potentially useful for humans, for example as a source of drinking water supply or irrigation water. These resources can be either freshwater from natural sources, or water produced artificia ...
system used and ruins are located in the
Kukherd District
Kukherdharang District () is in Bastak County, Hormozgan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Kukherdharang.
History
After the 2016 National Census, the village of Kukherd was elevated to city status as Kukherdharang.
Demographic ...
(), in
Hormozgan Province. They are under the administration of the city of
Bastak
Bastak () is a city in the Central District of Bastak County, Hormozgan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. Bastak was traditionally part of the region of Irahistan.
Demographics Population
At the ti ...
.
The Terenah are an archaeological site of
Sassanid architecture
Sasanian architecture refers to the Persian architectural style that reached a peak in its development during the Sasanian era. In many ways the Sasanian Empire period (224–651 CE) witnessed the highest achievement of Iranian civilization, and ...
.
Technical features
Terenah are constructed as a series of
well-like vertical
shaft
Shaft may refer to:
Rotating machine elements
* Shaft (mechanical engineering), a rotating machine element used to transmit power
* Line shaft, a power transmission system
* Drive shaft, a shaft for transferring torque
* Axle, a shaft around whi ...
s, connected by gently
sloping tunnel
A tunnel is an underground or undersea passageway. It is dug through surrounding soil, earth or rock, or laid under water, and is usually completely enclosed except for the two portals common at each end, though there may be access and ve ...
s. Terenah tap into subterranean water in a manner that efficiently delivers large quantities of water to the surface without need for pumping. The water drains relying on
gravity
In physics, gravity (), also known as gravitation or a gravitational interaction, is a fundamental interaction, a mutual attraction between all massive particles. On Earth, gravity takes a slightly different meaning: the observed force b ...
, with the destination lower than the source, which is typically an upland
aquifer
An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing material, consisting of permeability (Earth sciences), permeable or fractured rock, or of unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt). Aquifers vary greatly in their characteristics. The s ...
. Terenah allow water to be transported over long distances in hot dry climates without losing a large proportion of the water to seepage and
evaporation
Evaporation is a type of vaporization that occurs on the Interface (chemistry), surface of a liquid as it changes into the gas phase. A high concentration of the evaporating substance in the surrounding gas significantly slows down evapora ...
.
Impact of Terenah on settlement patterns
A typical town or city in Iran and elsewhere where the qanat is used has more than one Terenah. Fields and gardens are located both over the Terenah a short distance before they emerge from the ground and after the surface outlet. Water from the Terenah defines both the social regions in the city and the layout of the city.
The water is freshest, cleanest, and coolest in the upper reaches and more prosperous people live at the outlet or immediately upstream of the outlet. When the Terenah is still below grade, the water is drawn to the surface via
water well
A well is an excavation or structure created on the earth by digging, driving, or drilling to access liquid resources, usually water. The oldest and most common kind of well is a water well, to access groundwater in underground aquifers. The ...
s or animal driven
Persian well
A sāqiyah or saqiya (), also spelled sakia or saqia) is a mechanical water lifting device. It is also called a Persian wheel, tablia, rehat, and in Latin tympanum. It is similar in function to a scoop wheel, which uses buckets, jars, or scoops ...
s. Private subterranean reservoirs could supply houses and buildings for domestic use and garden irrigation as well. Further, air flow from the Terenah is used to cool an underground summer room (
shabestan
A shabestan or shabistan (; is an underground space that can be usually found in traditional architecture of mosques, houses, and schools in ancient Iran.
These spaces were usually used during summers and could be ventilated by windcatchers and ...
) found in many older houses and buildings.
See also
*
History of water supply and sanitation
The history of water supply and sanitation is one of a logistics, logistical challenge to provide Water supply, clean water and sanitation systems since the dawn of civilization. Where water resources, infrastructure or sanitation systems were ins ...
**
Ancient water conservation techniques
**
Water supply and sanitation in the Indus-Saraswati Valley Civilisation
**
Sanitation in ancient Rome
Sanitation in ancient Rome, acquired from the Etruscans, was very advanced compared to other ancient cities and provided water supply and sanitation services to residents of Rome. Although there were many sewers, public latrines, baths and other s ...
**
Traditional water sources of Persian antiquity
Most rivers in Iran are seasonal and have traditionally not been able to supply the needs of urban settlements. Major rivers like the Arvand, Aras, Zayandeh, Sefid and Atrak were few and far between in Persia.
With the growth of urban settle ...
References
*
:ar: ترنه Arabic Wikipedias.
*
:fa: ترنه Persian Wikipedia.
* الكوخردى ، محمد ، بن يوسف، (كُوخِرد حَاضِرَة اِسلامِيةَ عَلي ضِفافِ نَهر مِهران) الطبعة الثالثة ،دبى: سنة 199۷ للميلاد **Mohammed Kookherdi (1997) Kookherd, an Islamic civil at Mehran river, third edition: Dubai
* محمدیان، کوخری، محمد ، “ (به یاد کوخرد) “، ج1. ج2. چاپ اول، دبی: سال انتشار 2003 میلادی Mohammed Kookherdi Mohammadyan (2003), Beyade Kookherd, third edition : Dubai.
*محمدیان، کوخردی ، محمد ، '' «شهرستان بستک و بخش کوخرد» '' ، ج۱. چاپ اول، دبی: سال انتشار ۲۰۰۵ میلادی Mohammed Kookherdi Mohammadyan (2005), Shahrestan Bastak & Bakhshe Kookherd, First edition : Dubai.
*عباسی ، قلی، مصطفی، '' «بستک وجهانگیریه»،'' چاپ اول، تهران : ناشر: شرکت انتشارات جهان
* سلامى، بستكى، احمد. '' (بستک در گذرگاه تاریخ) '' ج2 چاپ اول، 1372 خورشيدى
* اطلس گیتاشناسی استانهای ایران
tlas Gitashenasi Ostanhai Iran
TLA may refer to:
Organisations
* Tennessee Library Association, a professional organization for librarians in Tennessee
* Texas Library Association, a professional organization for librarians in Texas
* Tour de las Américas, a professional golf ...
(
Gitashenasi Province Atlas of Iran')
* درگاه فهرست آثار ملی ایران
External links
Kookherd website
{{coord missing, Hormozgan Province
Archaeological sites in Iran
Kukherd District
Bastak County
History of Hormozgan province
Sasanian architecture
Monuments and memorials in Iran
Buildings and structures in Kukherd District