The Teoloyucan Treaties were signed on August 13, 1914, at Teoloyucan,

State of Mexico The State of Mexico, officially just Mexico, is one of the 32 federal entities of the United Mexican States. Colloquially known as Edomex (from , the abbreviation of , and ), to distinguish it from the name of the whole country, it is the mo ...

, Mexico between the revolutionary army and forces loyal to

Victoriano Huerta José Victoriano Huerta Márquez (; 23 December 1850 – 13 January 1916) was a Mexican general, politician, engineer and dictator who was the 39th President of Mexico, who came to power by coup against the democratically elected government of ...

. The Constitutionalist Army of First Chief

Venustiano Carranza José Venustiano Carranza de la Garza (; 29 December 1859 – 21 May 1920), known as Venustiano Carranza, was a Mexican land owner and politician who served as President of Mexico from 1917 until his assassination in 1920, during the Mexican Re ...

was represented by

Álvaro Obregón Álvaro Obregón Salido (; 19 February 1880 – 17 July 1928) was a Mexican general, inventor and politician who served as the 46th President of Mexico from 1920 to 1924. Obregón was re-elected to the presidency in 1928 but was assassinated b ...

and

Lucio Blanco Lucio Blanco (July 21, 1879 – June 1922) was a Mexican military officer and revolutionary, noteworthy for his participation in the Mexican Revolution of 1910 to 1920. Biography Lucio Blanco was born on July 21, 1879, in Nadadores, Coahuila. H ...

. The

Federal Army The Federal Army (), also known as the Federales () in popular culture, was the army of Mexico from 1876 to 1914 during the Porfiriato, the rule of President Porfirio Díaz, and during the presidencies of Francisco I. Madero and Victoriano Huerta. ...

was represented by General Gustavo A. Salas and Admiral Othón P. Blanco, while

Mexico City Mexico City is the capital city, capital and List of cities in Mexico, largest city of Mexico, as well as the List of North American cities by population, most populous city in North America. It is one of the most important cultural and finan ...

was represented by Eduardo Iturbe. The treaties established the surrender of the Federal Army and its dissolution.

Background

In the middle of July 1914, the Huerta government realized that a revolutionary victory was imminent. On July 15 Huerta resigned the presidency and went into

exile Exile or banishment is primarily penal expulsion from one's native country, and secondarily expatriation or prolonged absence from one's homeland under either the compulsion of circumstance or the rigors of some high purpose. Usually persons ...

. The new

government A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a State (polity), state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive (government), execu ...

tried to negotiate with the revolutionaries. These negotiations broke down when the revolutionaries demanded the surrender of the

capital Capital and its variations may refer to: Common uses * Capital city, a municipality of primary status ** Capital region, a metropolitan region containing the capital ** List of national capitals * Capital letter, an upper-case letter Econom ...

as well as the dissolution of the federal

army An army, ground force or land force is an armed force that fights primarily on land. In the broadest sense, it is the land-based military branch, service branch or armed service of a nation or country. It may also include aviation assets by ...

. In August, due to the victories of

, interim president Francisco S. Carbajal finally offered an unconditional surrender. The entire cabinet went into exile the next day.

Treaty

Accompanied by a Brazilian minister, a French delegate and a U.S. representative, Carbajal went to Teoluyacan and attempted to discuss terms. When this failed, the entire cabinet went into exile. The treaty was signed on August 13. Eduardo Iturbide, governor of Mexico City, and a Huerta sympathizer, signed the surrender of the city. General Gustavo A. Salas and Admiral Othón P. Blanco signed the articles concerning the military. The treaty codified the unconditional surrender of the Federal Army to the Constitutionalist Army, followed by the Federal Army's dissolution. There were no provisions for a general amnesty. Venustiano Carranza refused to allow the continued existence of the Federal Army, the fatal flaw of Madero's regime. Constitutionalist Army general Alvaro Obregón would take control of the city, guaranteeing protection from looting for the population of Mexico City.{{Cite book, title = Mexican Revolution: The Constitutionalist Years, url = https://books.google.com/books?id=rutlAwAAQBAJ, publisher = University of Texas Press, date = 2010-06-28, isbn = 9780292789630, first = Charles C., last = Cumberland Realizing that the Zapatistas were a continuing threat, Obregón allowed Federal soldiers to remain in place in the southern part of Mexico City, closest to Zapata's stronghold in Morelos, until the Constitutionalist Army could take control. Obregón included the texts of the treaties in his war memoir.Obregón, Alvaro, ''Ocho mil kilometros en compaña''. "Actas y tratados de rendición de la ciudad de México y disolución del Ejército federal". vol.1. Mexico: Cien de México 2008, 354-361 After the dissolution of the Federal Army, Carranza issued a decree suppressing the Military Academy. It reopened its doors in 1920 after Carranza's fall. The Constitutionalist Army was the Mexican army until then.

References

1914 in Mexico 1914 in politics Politics of the Mexican Revolution Treaties of Mexico Documents of the Mexican Revolution