Teofil Żebrawski (; 1800–1887) was a Polish mathematician, bibliographer, architect,

biologist A biologist is a scientist who conducts research in biology. Biologists are interested in studying life on Earth, whether it is an individual cell, a multicellular organism, or a community of interacting populations. They usually specialize in ...

, archeologist,

cartographer Cartography (; from grc, χάρτης , "papyrus, sheet of paper, map"; and , "write") is the study and practice of making and using maps. Combining science, aesthetics and technique, cartography builds on the premise that reality (or an im ...

and geodesist; an erudite and polymath. Pioneer of the modern Polish mathematical bibliography. He was an author of works mainly about road, iron road and bridge constructions, cartography, topography and

entomology Entomology () is the science, scientific study of insects, a branch of zoology. In the past the term "insect" was less specific, and historically the definition of entomology would also include the study of animals in other arthropod groups, such ...

. Author of Polish, French and German dictionary of architecture, building engineering and materials science terms. Author and publisher of Free City of Kraków maps from 1833, city map of Kraków from 1834 and health resorts map of

Galicia Galicia may refer to: Geographic regions * Galicia (Spain), a region and autonomous community of northwestern Spain ** Gallaecia, a Roman province ** The post-Roman Kingdom of the Suebi, also called the Kingdom of Gallaecia ** The medieval King ...

and Bukowina. Żebrawski derived the chain curve formula and applied it to the bridge arc calculations. He published a paper on the main causes of

train derailment In rail transport, a derailment occurs when a rail vehicle such as a train comes off its rails. Although many derailments are minor, all result in temporary disruption of the proper operation of the railway system and they are a potentially ...

and its present methods. He introduced his own method of maps and map graticule classification. He researched and described changes in fauna of

butterflies Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The ...

in Kraków region. Żebrawski directed restorations of Dominicans Church in Kraków, altars of St. Mary's Basilica and Royal Graves of the Wawel Cathedral. Żebrawski was also a translator. His notable translations to Polish language includes ''The Poems of Ossian'' originally written by James Macpherson and ''Diversarum Artium Schedula — Libri III'' by Theophilus Presbyter. He participated in the

November Uprising The November Uprising (1830–31), also known as the Polish–Russian War 1830–31 or the Cadet Revolution, was an armed rebellion in the heartland of partitioned Poland against the Russian Empire. The uprising began on 29 November 1830 in W ...

(1830–1831) as a First Lieutenant-Engineer ('' porucznik-inżynier'') of

Józef Dwernicki Józef Dwernicki (March 19, 1779 in Warsaw – November 23, 1857 in Lopatyn near Lwów) was a General of Cavalry in the Polish Army, and a participant in the November Uprising (1830–1831). Biography Dwernicki was born in a szlachta, nobl ...

corps and in the Kraków Uprising (1846) as a

Captain Captain is a title, an appellative for the commanding officer of a military unit; the supreme leader of a navy ship, merchant ship, aeroplane, spacecraft, or other vessel; or the commander of a port, fire or police department, election precinct, e ...

(''kapitan'').

Biography

Żebrawski was born on 5 April 1800 in Wojnicz, Poland. In 1818 graduated Bartłomiej Nowodworski High School in Kraków. After that, he studied philosophy, nature, English philology, mathematics and astronomy at the

Jagiellonian University The Jagiellonian University (Polish: ''Uniwersytet Jagielloński'', UJ) is a public research university in Kraków, Poland. Founded in 1364 by King Casimir III the Great, it is the oldest university in Poland and the 13th oldest university in ...

in Kraków, and mining, building engineering and topography at the

Szkoła Akademiczno-Górnicza ''Szkoła'' (English: ''School'') is a Polish para-documentary television series first shown on TVN from 1 September 2014. The series is set in two fictional schools in Kraków, both named for Adam Mickiewicz - gymnasium no. 105 and lyceum no. ...

Kielce Kielce (, yi, קעלץ, Keltz) is a city in southern Poland, and the capital of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. In 2021, it had 192,468 inhabitants. The city is in the middle of the Świętokrzyskie Mountains (Holy Cross Mountains), on the bank ...

. In 1832 he graduated doctor of philosophy and liberal science at the Jagiellonian University. In the years of 1832–1834 he worked as a lecturer and then adjunct of the Natural History and Botanics Department at the Jagiellonian University. In 1837–1853 he worked as a land and water transport inspector of Kraków. In 1830s, Żebrawski designed and built a road through the Free City of Kraków with two bridges over

Krzeszówka Krzeszówka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Książ Wielki, within Miechów County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately east of Książ Wielki, north-east of Miechów, and north-east of ...

and Dłubnia. Between 1825 and 1831, he made a

triangulation In trigonometry and geometry, triangulation is the process of determining the location of a point by forming triangles to the point from known points. Applications In surveying Specifically in surveying, triangulation involves only angle me ...

of Dobrzyń Land, Pułtusk

obwód Obwód (plural ''obwody'') is a term used in Polish to denote administrative districts in various countries, particularly as a translation of the Russian ''oblast''. As administrative subdivisions of Poland itself, obwody existed as subdivisions of ...

, Świętokrzyskie Mountains, Sandomierz region, regions between Warsaw, Włodawa and Bug, and

Wilno Governorate The Vilna Governorate (1795–1915; also known as Lithuania-Vilnius Governorate from 1801 until 1840; russian: Виленская губерния, ''Vilenskaya guberniya'', lt, Vilniaus gubernija, pl, gubernia wileńska) or Government of V ...

region. Part of these measurements were used in the 1839 map of Kingdom of Poland. In 1866, he became a member of the

Kraków Science Society Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596 ...

(''Towarzystwo Naukowe Krakowskie'') and in 1872, member of the Academy of Learning (''Akademia Umiejętności''). He died in Kraków on 5 February 1887.

Notable works

* ''O sieciach do kart geograficznych, astronomicznych i morskich'' (1831) * ''Dopełnienie dawnej bibliografii polskiej'' (1838) * ''O moście wiszący'' (1841)
''Początkowe wiadomości z geometryi dla praktycznego użytku. Część I. Planimetryja''
(1849) * ''O przyczynach wykolejenia pociągów na drogach żelaznych i środkach zapobieżania temu'' (1850) * ''Wiadomość o bożyszczu słowiańskim znalezionym w Zbruczu'' (1858) * ''Owady łuskoskrzydłe, czyli motylowate z okolic Krakowa'' (1860) * ''Wiadomość o Adamie Kochańskim i pismach jego matematycznych'' (1862) * ''Nasze zabytki'' (1865–1871) * ''Bibliografija piśmiennictwa polskiego z działu matematyki i fizyki oraz ich zastósowań'' (1873) * ''Słownik wyrazów technicznych tyczących się budownictwa'' (1883) * ''Dodatki do bibliografii piśmiennictwa polskiego z działu matematyki i fizyki oraz ich zastósowań'' (1886)

References

* * *

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Zebrawski, Teofil 1800 births 1887 deaths People from Tarnów County Jagiellonian University alumni Polish bibliographers November Uprising participants 19th-century Polish archaeologists Polish biologists Polish cartographers Polish engineers Polish entomologists Polish geodesists 19th-century Polish mathematicians 19th-century Polish philosophers Polish publishers (people) English–Polish translators Latin–Polish translators 19th-century translators 19th-century Polish architects