''Tenuivirus'' is a

plant virus Plant viruses are viruses that have the potential to affect plants. Like all other viruses, plant viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that do not have the molecular machinery to replicate without a host. Plant viruses can be pathoge ...

genus belonging to ''

Phenuiviridae ''Phenuiviridae'' is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order '' Hareavirales''. Ruminants, camels, humans, and mosquitoes serve as natural hosts. Virology Structure Members of ''Phenuiviridae are'' enveloped viruses with hel ...

'' family in the order '' Hareavirales''. These plant viruses cause diseases in their host plants. Typical symptoms are chlorotic stripes on the affected leaves. This group of viruses make viral inclusions in infected cells which can be used to diagnose infection.

Virology

The virion particle consists of non-enveloped

nucleocapsid A capsid is the protein shell of a virus, enclosing its genetic material. It consists of several oligomeric (repeating) structural subunits made of protein called protomers. The observable 3-dimensional morphological subunits, which may or ma ...

s that exhibit helical symmetry, forming thin, filamentous structures between 500–2100 nm long. The genomes are segmented and consist of four to six strands of negative-sense single-stranded RNA and the N-protein. These viruses are transmitted by an

arthropod Arthropods ( ) are invertebrates in the phylum Arthropoda. They possess an arthropod exoskeleton, exoskeleton with a cuticle made of chitin, often Mineralization (biology), mineralised with calcium carbonate, a body with differentiated (Metam ...

vectors in the families Cicadellidae or

Delphacidae Delphacidae is a family of planthoppers containing about 2000 species, distributed worldwide. Delphacids are separated from other "hoppers" by the prominent spur on the Tibia (arthropod leg), tibia of the hindleg. Diet and pest species All speci ...

. ''Tenuivirus'' genome is segmented and has an ambisense coding strategy.

Diseases

Maize stripe disease, thought to be caused by Maize stripe virus, is a disease of

Maize Maize (; ''Zea mays''), also known as corn in North American English, is a tall stout grass that produces cereal grain. It was domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 9,000 years ago from wild teosinte. Native American ...

that is characterized by leaf

blight Blight is a specific symptom affecting plants in response to infection by a pathogenic organism. Description Blight is a rapid and complete chlorosis, browning, then death of plant tissues such as leaves, branches, twigs, or floral organs. A ...

and stunting of the plant. Rice stripe virus and

Rice hoja blanca virus Rice hoja blanca virus (RHBV), Spanish for "white leaf rice virus", is a plant virus in the family ''Phenuiviridae''. RHBV causes Hoja blanca disease (HBD), which affects the leaves of the rice plant ''Oryza sativa'', stunting the growth of the pla ...

has been shown to cause Rice stripe disease and Rice hoja blanca disease respectively, resulting in leaf blight and death of rice plants. Rice grassy stunt disease is caused by Rice grassy stunt virus which results in stunting of rice plants and an excessive

tiller A tiller or till is a lever used to steer a vehicle. The mechanism is primarily used in watercraft, where it is attached to an outboard motor, rudder post, rudder post or stock to provide leverage in the form of torque for the helmsman to turn ...

Taxonomy

''Tenuivirus'' has close phylogenic relationship with members of the genus ''

Tospovirus ''Orthotospovirus'' is a genus of negative-strand RNA viruses, in the family ''Tospoviridae'' of the order '' Elliovirales,'' which infects plants. Tospoviruses take their name from the species Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) which was discover ...

'', the virions of which are bounded with an

envelope An envelope is a common packaging item, usually made of thin, flat material. It is designed to contain a flat object, such as a letter (message), letter or Greeting card, card. Traditional envelopes are made from sheets of paper cut to one o ...

. ''Tenuivirus'' encodes a

membrane A membrane is a selective barrier; it allows some things to pass through but stops others. Such things may be molecules, ions, or other small particles. Membranes can be generally classified into synthetic membranes and biological membranes. Bi ...

protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residue (biochemistry), residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including Enzyme catalysis, catalysing metab ...

precursor that is homologue to the virion envelope protein of ''Tospoviridae'', although no envelope was found to associate with ''Tenuivirus'' virion. The genus contains the following species, listed by scientific name and followed by the exemplar virus of the species: * ''Tenuivirus echinochloae'', Echinochloa hoja blanca virus * ''Tenuivirus eurotritici'', European wheat striate mosaic virus * ''Tenuivirus festucae'', Festuca stripe-associated virus * ''Tenuivirus kwazuluense'', Wheat yellows virus * ''Tenuivirus oryzabrevis'', Rice grassy stunt virus * ''Tenuivirus oryzaclavatae'', Rice stripe virus * ''Tenuivirus oryzalbae'',

* ''Tenuivirus persotritici'', Iranian wheat stripe virus * ''Tenuivirus pontaense'', Wheat white spike virus * ''Tenuivirus urochloae'', Urochloa hoja blanca virus * ''Tenuivirus zeae'', Maize stripe virus

References

External links

ICTVdB—The Universal Virus Database, version 3.

{{Taxonbar, from=Q7700933 Tenuiviruses Viral plant pathogens and diseases Virus genera