was a after ''

Enpō (contemporarily written as 延寳) is the after ''Kanbun'' and before '' Tenna.'' This period spanned the years from September 1673 to September 1681. The reigning emperor was . Change of era * 1673 : The new era of ''Enpō'' (meaning "Prolon ...

'' and before ''

Jōkyō was a after ''Tenna'' and before ''Genroku.'' This period spanned the years from February 1684 through September 1688. The reigning emperors were and .Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''Annales des empereurs du japon'' p. 415./ref> Change of era * ...

.'' This period spanned the years from September 1681 through February 1684. The reigning emperor was .

Change of era

* '': The new era name of ''Tenna'' (meaning "Heavenly Imperial Peace") was created to mark the 58th year of a cycle of the

Chinese zodiac The Chinese zodiac is a traditional classification scheme based on the Chinese calendar that assigns an animal and its reputed attributes to each year in a repeating twelve-year (or duodenary) cycle. The zodiac is very important in traditional ...

. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in ''Enpō'' 9, on the 29th day of the 9th month.

Events of the ''Tenna'' era

* 1681 (''Tenna 1''): In

Edo Edo (), also romanized as Jedo, Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of Tokyo. Edo, formerly a (castle town) centered on Edo Castle located in Musashi Province, became the '' de facto'' capital of Japan from 1603 as the seat of the Tokugawa shogu ...

, the investiture of

Tokugawa Tsunayoshi was the fifth ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa dynasty of Japan. He was the younger brother of Tokugawa Ietsuna, as well as the son of Tokugawa Iemitsu, the grandson of Tokugawa Hidetada, and the great-grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu.Nussbaum, Louis- ...

as the fifth ''

shōgun , officially , was the title of the military rulers of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, except during parts of the Kamak ...

'' of the Edo bakufu. * February 5, 1681 (''Tenna 1, 28th day of the 12th month''): The Great ''Tenna'' Fire in

.Titsingh
p. 415.
/ref> * 1681 (''Tenna 2''): A famine afflicts

Heian-kyō Heian-kyō was one of several former names for the city now known as Kyoto. It was the official capital of Japan for over one thousand years, from 794 to 1868 with an interruption in 1180. Emperor Kanmu established it as the capital in 794, mo ...

and the nearby areas. * March 3, 1683 (''Tenna 3, 5th day of the 2nd month''): Yaoya Oshichi was burned at the stake for arson. * 1683 (''Tenna 3''): Tokugawa shogunate grants permission for

Mitsui is a Japanese corporate group and '' keiretsu'' that traces its roots to the ''zaibatsu'' groups that were dissolved after World War II. Unlike the ''zaibatsu'' of the pre-war period, there is no controlling company with regulatory power. Ins ...

money exchanges (''ryōgaeten'') to be established in Edo. * 1683 (''Tenna 4''): The assassination of

Hotta Masatoshi was a ''daimyō'' (feudal lord) in Shimōsa Province, and top government advisor and official in the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. He served as ''rōjū'' (chief advisor) to ''shōgun'' Tokugawa Ietsuna from 1679–80, and as ''Tairō'' (head of t ...

signals the end of government characterized by financial sobriety and stringency, and the beginning of a swing towards extravagance and the expansive spending policies of Tsunayoshi's chamberlains.Bodart-Bailey, Beatrice. (2006). ''The Dog Shogun: The Personality and Policies of Tokugawa Tsunayoshi'', p. 183.

Notes

References

* Bodart-Bailey, Beatrice. (2006). ''The Dog Shogun: The Personality and Policies of Tokugawa Tsunayoshi''. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ;
OCLC 470123491
* Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia''. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
OCLC 48943301
* Screech, Timon. (2006). ''Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822''. London: RoutledgeCurzon.
OCLC 65177072
* Shinjō, Hiroshi. (1962). ''History of the Yen: 100 Years of Japanese Money-economy''. Kobe: Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kōbe University
OCLC 877519
* Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''

Nihon Ōdai Ichiran , ', is a 17th-century chronicle of the serial reigns of Japanese emperors with brief notes about some of the noteworthy events or other happenings. According to the 1871 edition of the ''American Cyclopaedia'', the 1834 French translation of ...

''; ou
''Annales des empereurs du Japon''.
Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland
OCLC 5850691

External links

National Diet Library The is the national library of Japan and among the largest libraries in the world. It was established in 1948 for the purpose of assisting members of the in researching matters of public policy. The library is similar in purpose and scope to ...

, "The Japanese Calendar
– historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tenna Japanese eras 1680s in Japan 17th-century neologisms