Tengnoupal
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Tengnoupal ( Meitei pronunciation:/teŋ-nə́u-pəl/) is a hill town at the highest point of a road ( NH-2) between
Imphal Imphal (; , ) is the capital city of the Indian state of Manipur. The metropolitan centre of the city contains the ruins of Kangla Palace (officially known as Kangla Fort), the royal seat of the former Kingdom of Manipur, surrounded by a ...
and Moreh at the end of northwestern
Myanmar Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has ...
; the ASEAN Highway passes through the village. It is the district headquarters of the recently reinstated Tengnoupal District and the administrative headquarters of yet to be formed Tengnoupal Autonomous District Council. The climate is cold all throughout the year and remains foggy during the rainy season. The village was founded by Pu Houlim Loikhom Mate and it is the largest village of the
Kuki people The Kuki people, or Kuki-Zo people,Rakhi BoseIn Tense Manipur, Sub-Categorisation And 'Creamy Layer' Could Open A Pandora's Box Outlook, 11 September 2024. uoting general secretary of the Committee on Tribal Unity (COTU), Kangpokpi''At pr ...
in the district. The village due to its strategic location has seen many battles in the course of history including World War II.


History

The name Tengnoupal is derived from
cactus A cactus (: cacti, cactuses, or less commonly, cactus) is a member of the plant family Cactaceae (), a family of the order Caryophyllales comprising about 127 genera with some 1,750 known species. The word ''cactus'' derives, through Latin, ...
fencing (''teng'' = cactus and ''pal'' = fence). 'Tengnou' means 'tender cactus' It was named after the Awa Laan (Manipur-Burmese War) in the 16th century as cactus was planted as a fencing in Tengnoupal Hill range. The then Tengnoupal villagers and surrounding villages fought against the Burmese who came to invade the Meitei kingdom of the
Imphal Valley Imphal Valley ( /ˈɪmpɑːl/; ) or Manipur Valley () is located in the Indian state of Manipur and is an irregular almost oval shaped canyon that was formed as a result of the multiple small rivers that originate from neighbouring hill regions ...
; whilst many young warriors of Tengnoupal were killed and taken as hostage to Burma. In the 19th century, Tengnoupal was the epicentre of Anglo-Kuki War wherein more than 30 personnel of the British force were annihilated under the command of Pu Chomsho Mate, the nephew of Pu Loikhom Mate, Chief of Tengnoupal. After that incident, the British Army captured Tengnoupal. Hence then, Tengnoupal became the Army and Administrative HQ of the then British Government. During
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
the people of Tengnoupal supported the
Indian National Army The Indian National Army (INA, sometimes Second INA; ''Azad Hind Fauj'' ; 'Free Indian Army') was a Empire of Japan, Japanese-allied and -supported armed force constituted in Southeast Asia during World War II and led by Indian Nationalism#An ...
(INA) led by
Subhas Chandra Bose Subhas Chandra Bose (23 January 1897 – 18 August 1945) was an Indian independence movement, Indian nationalist whose defiance of British raj, British authority in India made him a hero among many Indians, but his wartime alliances with ...
. The INA and the
Japanese Army The , , also referred to as the Japanese Army, is the land warfare branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces. Created on July 1, 1954, it is the largest of the three service branches. New military guidelines, announced in December 2010, direct t ...
even brought in tanks and other heavy war equipments with the help of the local people led by Pu Sholim Mate and they were about to capture the
Imphal Valley Imphal Valley ( /ˈɪmpɑːl/; ) or Manipur Valley () is located in the Indian state of Manipur and is an irregular almost oval shaped canyon that was formed as a result of the multiple small rivers that originate from neighbouring hill regions ...
. Knowing the advancement of the INA and the Japanese Army, after occupying strategic locations at Tengnoupal the British
Royal Air Force The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the Air force, air and space force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. It was formed towards the end of the World War I, First World War on 1 April 1918, on the merger of t ...
(RAF) bombarded the whole hill rages of Tengnoupal where many INA, Japanese and local volunteers were killed. After India became independent in 1945, Tengnoupal remained the administrative HQ and District HQ until the 1970s, when it was shifted to Chandel in 1974.


Administration

It is the District headquarters of Tengnoupal District. Some notable government machineries stationed in the village are: 1. Deputy Commissioner/ District Magistrate Office 2. Superintendent of Police office 3. District Hospital. 5. Forest Range Office 6. Assam Rifles Battalion Headquarters since 1994 7. Tengnoupal Police Station 8. Zornal Education Officer 10. District Public Works Department 11. Chief Medical Office The
Chandel district Chandel district is one of the 16 districts of Manipur state in northeastern India. Its headquarters is the town of Chandel. In December 2016, a part of the district was split to establish the new Tengnoupal district. The district is mainly pop ...
was formerly known as
Tengnoupal district Tengnoupal district :/teŋ-nə́u-pəl/) is a district in Manipur, India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the ...
until the change was effected on 13 May 1974.


Geography

The National Highway 2 snakes through Tengnoupal east to west. It is 69 km from Imphal. Nearest airport is Tulihal Airport. It is the highest point above sea-level on the Imphal-Moreh Highway.


Location

The village is a transit point of some state highways, including the Tengnoupal-Sita-Sansak road and Tengnoupal-Joupi-New Samtal road.


Demography

Tengnoupal, with total 300 household residing, has population of 2158 of which 1477 are males while 681 are females as per Population Census 2011. In Tengnoupal village population of children with age 0-6 is 140 which makes up 6.49% of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Tengnoupal village is 461 which is lower than Manipur state average of 992. Child Sex Ratio for the Tengnoupal as per census is 750, lower than Manipur average of 936. Tengnoupal village has lower literacy rate compared to Manipur. In 2011, literacy rate of Tengnoupal village was 76.02% compared to 79.21% of Manipur. In Tengnoupal Male literacy stands at 84.75% while female literacy rate was 56.36%.


Tourism

There is increasing the inflow of tourist every season. During monsoon, the place is foggy and makes it the best place for romance. Since Tengoupal is situated on the topmost range of the Indo-Myanmar region visitors could get a bird's eye view of the surrounding hills and the plains of Kabaw Valley (Myanmar). Besides, during summer the cold winds to sweep the hills of Tengnoupal which makes this place the most sought after for summer recreation for families.


Notes


References

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External links

* http://manipurpolice.org/dwise_files/chandel/tengnoupal.html Cities and towns in Tengnoupal district