Tenggerese (sometimes referred to as Tengger Javanese) is a language used by the
Tenggerese people
The Tenggerese people are a sub-ethnic group of Javanese people, Javanese in East Java, eastern Java who are centered in the isolated Tengger mountains (Mount Bromo) in the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park in eastern Java. The majority of th ...
in the mountain region of the
Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park
Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (; abbreviated as ) is a national park located in East Java, Indonesia, to the east of Malang and Lumajang, to the south of Pasuruan and Probolinggo, and to the southeast of Surabaya, the capital of East J ...
which includes
Pasuruan Regency
Pasuruan Regency () is a Regencies of Indonesia, regency in East Java, a province of Indonesia. The capital of this regency is Bangil. The regency covers an area of 1,474.02 km2, and it had a population of 1,512,468 at the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat ...
,
Probolinggo Regency
Probolinggo Regency (Javanese: ꦏꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦥꦿꦧꦭꦶꦁꦒ, romanized: Kabupatèn Prabalingga) is a regency in East Java province of Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,696.17 sq. km, and had a population of 1,096,244 at the 2 ...
,
Malang Regency
Malang Regency (Javanese script, Javanese: ꦏꦧꦸꦥꦠꦼꦤ꧀ꦩꦭꦁ; Pegon script, Pegon: كابوڤاتين مالاڠ; Osob Kiwalan: ''ngalaM'') is the second largest Regency (Indonesia), regency in East Java, Indonesia, with a total a ...
and
Lumajang Regency
Lumajang Regency () is a Regency () located in the East Java province of Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,790.90 sq. km, and had a population of 1,006,458 at the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 1,119,251 at the 2020 Cen ...
of
East Java
East Java (, , ) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia located in the easternmost third of Java island. It has a land border only with the province of Central Java to the west; the Java Sea and the Indian Ocean border its northern ...
,
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...
.
Linguistically, Tenggerese is considered to be a dialect of
Javanese, a
Malayo-Polynesian
The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages, with approximately 385.5 million speakers. The Malayo-Polynesian languages are spoken by the Austronesian peoples outside of Taiwan, in the island nations of Southeast ...
language under the
Austronesian language
The Austronesian languages ( ) are a language family widely spoken throughout Maritime Southeast Asia, parts of Mainland Southeast Asia, Madagascar, the islands of the Pacific Ocean and Taiwan (by Taiwanese indigenous peoples). They are spoken b ...
family. Some linguists regard Tenggerese as a descendant of the ancient
Kawi language
Old Javanese or Kawi is an Austronesian language and the oldest attested phase of the Javanese language. It was natively spoken in the central and eastern part of Java Island, what is now Central Java, Yogyakarta and East Java Provinces, Ind ...
, as it has retained old vocabulary that is no longer used in modern.
Distribution
Tenggerese is spoken in regions that are settled by the
Tenggerese people
The Tenggerese people are a sub-ethnic group of Javanese people, Javanese in East Java, eastern Java who are centered in the isolated Tengger mountains (Mount Bromo) in the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park in eastern Java. The majority of th ...
in the
Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park
Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (; abbreviated as ) is a national park located in East Java, Indonesia, to the east of Malang and Lumajang, to the south of Pasuruan and Probolinggo, and to the southeast of Surabaya, the capital of East J ...
area:
*
Tosari
Tosari is a village in the Tengger Mountains of East Java, Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Compris ...
,
Pasuruan Regency
Pasuruan Regency () is a Regencies of Indonesia, regency in East Java, a province of Indonesia. The capital of this regency is Bangil. The regency covers an area of 1,474.02 km2, and it had a population of 1,512,468 at the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat ...
* Sakapura district,
Probolinggo Regency
Probolinggo Regency (Javanese: ꦏꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦥꦿꦧꦭꦶꦁꦒ, romanized: Kabupatèn Prabalingga) is a regency in East Java province of Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,696.17 sq. km, and had a population of 1,096,244 at the 2 ...
* Ngadas village, Poncokusomo district,
Malang Regency
Malang Regency (Javanese script, Javanese: ꦏꦧꦸꦥꦠꦼꦤ꧀ꦩꦭꦁ; Pegon script, Pegon: كابوڤاتين مالاڠ; Osob Kiwalan: ''ngalaM'') is the second largest Regency (Indonesia), regency in East Java, Indonesia, with a total a ...
* Ranu Pani village, Senduro district,
Lumajang Regency
Lumajang Regency () is a Regency () located in the East Java province of Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,790.90 sq. km, and had a population of 1,006,458 at the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 1,119,251 at the 2020 Cen ...
Grammar
A few examples of words in Tenggerese:-
When the alphabet "A" is read as "O" in modern Javanese, in Tenggerese it is still read as "A".
References
Bibliography
*
*
Javanese language
Languages of Indonesia
{{Indonesia-stub