Temryuk ( rus, Темрю́к, p=tʲɪmˈrʲʉk) is a

town A town is a type of a human settlement, generally larger than a village but smaller than a city. The criteria for distinguishing a town vary globally, often depending on factors such as population size, economic character, administrative stat ...

and the

administrative center An administrative centre is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune, is located. In countries with French as the administrative language, such as Belgiu ...

of Temryuksky District in

Krasnodar Krai Krasnodar Krai (, ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the North Caucasus region in Southern Russia and is administratively a part of the Southern Federal District. Its administrative center is the t ...

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

, located on the Taman Peninsula on the right bank of the

Kuban River The Kuban is a river in Russia that flows through the Western Caucasus and drains into the Sea of Azov. The Kuban runs mostly through Krasnodar Krai for , but also in the Karachay–Cherkess Republic, Stavropol Krai and the Republic of Adygea. ...

not far from its entry into the Temryuk Bay, amid a field of

mud volcano A mud volcano or mud dome is a landform created by the eruption of mud or Slurry, slurries, water and gases. Several geological processes may cause the formation of mud volcanoes. Mud volcanoes are not true Igneous rock, igneous volcanoes as th ...

es. The

seaport A port is a maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inland, such as Hamburg, Manc ...

of Temryuk is situated from the town itself. Population: 41,413 (2020), 26,600 (1975).

History

Tens of thousands of years ago, the Azov Sea was much larger and covered the delta of the

. Deposition of

silt Silt is granular material of a size between sand and clay and composed mostly of broken grains of quartz. Silt may occur as a soil (often mixed with sand or clay) or as sediment mixed in suspension (chemistry), suspension with water. Silt usually ...

by the Kuban gradually pushed out the sea and shaped the delta with numerous shallow estuaries. Frequent eruptions of the mud volcanoes contributed to this deposition process. There are about 25 mud volcanoes in the area and some are still active. Situated close to the site of ancient Tmutarakan, Temryuk was vied by various powers as a vantage point at the mouth of the Kuban River. The first recorded settlement on the site was Tumnev, a Tatar fortress, which passed to the Genoese merchants in the 14th century. It was known as Copa until occupied by the

Crimean Khanate The Crimean Khanate, self-defined as the Throne of Crimea and Desht-i Kipchak, and in old European historiography and geography known as Little Tartary, was a Crimean Tatars, Crimean Tatar state existing from 1441 to 1783, the longest-lived of th ...

in 1483. The Russians, allied with a local potentate, Temryuk of Kabardia, captured Tumnev and built a fortress called New Temryuk there. The Crimean Tatars retook the fort in 1570; it was known as Adis for a century to come. In the 18th century, the site was settled by the

Cossacks The Cossacks are a predominantly East Slavic languages, East Slavic Eastern Christian people originating in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of eastern Ukraine and southern Russia. Cossacks played an important role in defending the southern borde ...

, whose ''

stanitsa A stanitsa or stanitza ( ; ), also spelled stanycia ( ) or stanica ( ), was a historical administrative unit of a Cossack host, a type of Cossack polity that existed in the Russian Empire. Etymology The Russian word is the diminutive of the word ...

'' was incorporated as the town of Temryuk in 1860. . The Germans took the Kuban Gorge (General Konrad Pass) and the town of Temyruk in 1942–43.

Economy

The port of Temryuk is situated 4 kilometers (2.5 mi) from the town itself. The port is home to a large

liquefied petroleum gas Liquefied petroleum gas, also referred to as liquid petroleum gas (LPG or LP gas), is a fuel gas which contains a flammable mixture of hydrocarbon gases, specifically propane, Butane, ''n''-butane and isobutane. It can also contain some ...

facility.

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Temryuk serves as the

of Temryuksky District.Reference Information #34.01-707/13-03 As an administrative division, it is, together with three rural localities, incorporated within Temryuksky District as the

Town A town is a type of a human settlement, generally larger than a village but smaller than a city. The criteria for distinguishing a town vary globally, often depending on factors such as population size, economic character, administrative stat ...

of Temryuk. As a municipal division, the Town of Temryuk is incorporated within Temryuksky Municipal District as Temryukskoye Urban Settlement.Law #685-KZ

Gallery

File:Трактир в музее.JPG, Voyennaya Gorka, a military vehicle museum on the slope of a mud volcano in Temryuk File:Танк в Темрюке.JPG, A memorial devoted to the Defense of Temryuk during

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

File:Катер.JPG, A World War II motor gun boat on exhibit at Voyennaya Gorka File:Танк Т-34..jpg, T-34 tank on a pedestal on a military hill at Temryuk File:Wheels BTR.jpg, BTR specified in the Military Museum Hill File:Танк Т-34, установленный в честь воинов-танкистов, гора Мыска.jpg, The T 34-85 exhibition at the Museum of Military Hill File:Mountain "Miska".jpg, General view of the mountains "Miska" which is a museum of "Voennaya Gorka"

References

Notes

Sources

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External links

* {{Authority control Cities and towns in Krasnodar Krai Temryuksky District History of Kuban Port cities and towns of the Azov Sea Port cities and towns in Russia