A is a

Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many countries in the Americas **Spanish cuisine **Spanish history **Spanish culture ...

term for a large one-piece

skirt A skirt is the lower part of a dress or a separate outer garment that covers a person from the waist downwards. At its simplest, a skirt can be a draped garment made out of a single piece of fabric (such as pareos). However, most skirts are ...

used mostly in traditional festivities and folklore throughout Spanish-speaking

Latin America Latin America is the cultural region of the Americas where Romance languages are predominantly spoken, primarily Spanish language, Spanish and Portuguese language, Portuguese. Latin America is defined according to cultural identity, not geogr ...

. are made from different materials, such as cotton or wool and tend to have colorful decorations. Most of the decorations are embroidered, flowers and regional animals are among the most common designs found in . are a form of Spanish colonial dress enforced sometime between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries on indigenous populations in the Andes by

hacienda A ''hacienda'' ( or ; or ) is an estate (or '' finca''), similar to a Roman '' latifundium'', in Spain and the former Spanish Empire. With origins in Andalusia, ''haciendas'' were variously plantations (perhaps including animals or orchards ...

owners or . Traditional come from peasant dress from southern Spanish regions like

Andalusia Andalusia ( , ; , ) is the southernmost autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community in Peninsular Spain, located in the south of the Iberian Peninsula, in southwestern Europe. It is the most populous and the second-largest autonomou ...

. Today, are associated with indigenous and

folkloric Folklore is the body of expressive culture shared by a particular group of people, culture or subculture. This includes oral traditions such as tales, myths, legends, proverbs, poems, jokes, and other oral traditions. This also includes material ...

forms of dress.

Spain

In Spain, it is a

worn by women almost a century ago. They are made of

wool Wool is the textile fiber obtained from sheep and other mammals, especially goats, rabbits, and camelids. The term may also refer to inorganic materials, such as mineral wool and glass wool, that have some properties similar to animal w ...

cotton Cotton (), first recorded in ancient India, is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus '' Gossypium'' in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure ...

and are very colorful. The large gathered skirt is generally white with two or three ruffles which have a floral design or

embroidery Embroidery is the art of decorating Textile, fabric or other materials using a Sewing needle, needle to stitch Yarn, thread or yarn. It is one of the oldest forms of Textile arts, textile art, with origins dating back thousands of years across ...

. The top has several ruffles as well on the

shoulder The human shoulder is made up of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus (upper arm bone) as well as associated muscles, ligaments and tendons. The articulations between the bones of the shoulder m ...

s and has inlaid yarn. There is a large pompom matching the yarn in the front and back of the top. The

yarn Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibres, used in sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery, ropemaking, and the production of textiles. '' Thread'' is a type of yarn intended for sewing by hand or machine. Modern ...

also matches several large ribbons at the waist and the slippers that go with the outfit. The clothing includes a

headdress Headgear, headwear, or headdress is any element of clothing which is worn on one's head, including hats, helmets, turbans and many other types. Headgear is worn for many purposes, including protection against the elements, decoration, or fo ...

called a (or ) which is made of beads attached to a spring so that they shake when the wearer dances.

Panama

In Panama, fully handmade are worn during festivals or celebrations. They are mainly made of cotton and linen. Normally, the dominant color is white, and the skirts feature colorful flower designs as embellishment. A single can cost from several hundred to several thousand dollars and take up to a year or two to create, depending on its complexity.

Gold Gold is a chemical element; it has chemical symbol Au (from Latin ) and atomic number 79. In its pure form, it is a brightness, bright, slightly orange-yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile metal. Chemically, gold is a transition metal ...

and

pearl A pearl is a hard, glistening object produced within the soft tissue (specifically the mantle (mollusc), mantle) of a living Exoskeleton, shelled mollusk or another animal, such as fossil conulariids. Just like the shell of a mollusk, a pear ...

jewelry such as (made up of concentric, alternating circles), combs, collars and (hair jewelry in the shape of three-dimensional flowers or insects such as butterflies) that may be worn with a , are generally passed down as heirlooms through generations. Panamanian are made up of an upper and lower section, the latter of which is the skirt of the . The adornments are embroidery or needlework on the skirt and upper part that are sewn entirely by hand in several steps that progressively build the desired effect. Each is custom-made and handmade by an artisan. There are several kinds of Panama , each of which may vary by region, such as: *, which was originally used in community events and festivals. It is moderately elaborate, with adornments. * or (meaning 'luxurious', for events considered to be prestigious, with needlework), a very intricate, complex and expensive , with a price of up to 25,600 USD * (intended for events considered to be prestigious, without needlework), which is accessorized according to region * (meaning (capable of) fainting a man), which has narrow vertical alternating colored stripes on the skirt *, symbolic of the large population of African descent in Panama, with a skirt and upper part made from strategically arranged fabric scraps sewn together, occasionally worn with a crown. This is the only type of that does not normally have white as its dominant color, and is normally worn with flowers that are fresh, dried or artificial in place of jewelry, together with collars made of materials other than gold. *, with a much narrower skirt and a plain upper part, made from cloth and buttons considered to be luxurious such as gold buttons A festival is held on 22 July each year.

Bolivia and Peru

In Bolivia and Peru the word denotes a pleated skirt very much associated with the urban

mestizo ( , ; fem. , literally 'mixed person') is a term primarily used to denote people of mixed European and Indigenous ancestry in the former Spanish Empire. In certain regions such as Latin America, it may also refer to people who are culturall ...

and the rural indigenous classes where women usually wear this garment (nowadays also instead of the woven indigenous dresses). The urban typical of the Bolivian altiplano should be made of of cloth and it is worn with 4–5 embroidered underskirts. The skirt worn under the top is called the ; under the (in the third skirt) is typically made from wool. Many women still wear this skirt, which originates from Spanish rural dresses and for the

Carnaval de Oruro The Carnival of Oruro is a religious and cultural festival in Oruro, Bolivia. Originally an indigenous festival, the celebration later was transformed to incorporate a Christian ritual around the Virgin of Socavón. The carnival is one of ...

or ''Virgen de la Candelaría'' festival in Peru, and other festivities. During traditional festivities women who do not usually wear it will put it on for the dancing.

Sources

* *

References

{{Folk costume Latin American clothing Culture of Latin America Culture of Panama Folk costumes Colombian clothing Chilean clothing Bolivian clothing Peruvian clothing Skirts