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An aerial tramway, aerial tram, sky tram, cable car or aerial cablecar, aerial cableway, ropeway, téléphérique (French), or Seilbahn (German) is a type of
aerial lift An aerial lift, also known as a cable car or ropeway, is a means of cable transport in which ''cabins'', ''cars'', ''Gondola lift, gondolas'', or Chairlift, open chairs are hauled above the ground by means of one or more Wire rope, cables. Aeria ...
which uses one or two stationary cables for support, with a third moving cable providing propulsion. With this form of lift, the grip of an aerial tramway cabin is fixed onto the propulsion cable and cannot be decoupled from it during operation. Aerial tramways usually provide lower line capacities and longer wait times than
gondola lift A gondola lift is a means of cable transport and type of aerial lift which is supported and propelled by cables from above. It consists of a loop of steel wire rope that is strung between two stations, sometimes over intermediate suppo ...
s.


Terminology

''Cable car'' is the usual term in British English, where ''tramway'' generally refers to a railed street tramway. In American English, ''cable car'' may additionally refer to a cable-pulled street tramway with detachable vehicles (e.g., San Francisco's cable cars). Consequently careful phrasing is necessary to prevent confusion. It is also sometimes called a ''ropeway'' or even incorrectly referred to as a
gondola lift A gondola lift is a means of cable transport and type of aerial lift which is supported and propelled by cables from above. It consists of a loop of steel wire rope that is strung between two stations, sometimes over intermediate suppo ...
. A gondola lift has cabins suspended from a continuously circulating cable whereas aerial trams simply shuttle back and forth on cables. In Japan, the two are considered as the same category of vehicle and called ''ropeway'', while the term ''cable car'' refers to both ground-level cable cars and
funicular A funicular ( ) is a type of cable railway system that connects points along a railway track laid on a steep grade (slope), slope. The system is characterized by two counterbalanced carriages (also called cars or trains) permanently attached to ...
s. An aerial railway where the vehicles are suspended from a fixed track as opposed to a cable is known as a suspension railway.


Overview

An aerial tramway consists of one or two fixed
cables Cable may refer to: Mechanical * Nautical cable, an assembly of three or more ropes woven against the weave of the ropes, rendering it virtually waterproof * Wire rope, a type of rope that consists of several strands of metal wire laid into a he ...
(called ''track cables''), one loop of cable (called a ''haulage rope''), and one or two passenger or cargo cabins. The fixed cables provide support for the cabins while the haulage rope, by means of a grip, is solidly connected to the truck (the wheel set that rolls on the track cables). An
electric motor An electric motor is a machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Most electric motors operate through the interaction between the motor's magnetic field and electric current in a electromagnetic coil, wire winding to gene ...
drives the haulage rope which provides
propulsion Propulsion is the generation of force by any combination of pushing or pulling to modify the translational motion of an object, which is typically a rigid body (or an articulated rigid body) but may also concern a fluid. The term is derived from ...
. Aerial tramways are constructed as ''reversible systems''; vehicles shuttling back and forth between two end terminals and propelled by a cable loop which stops and reverses direction when the cabins arrive at the end stations. Aerial tramways differ from
gondola lift A gondola lift is a means of cable transport and type of aerial lift which is supported and propelled by cables from above. It consists of a loop of steel wire rope that is strung between two stations, sometimes over intermediate suppo ...
s in that gondola lifts are considered ''continuous systems'' (cabins attached onto a ''circulating'' haul cable that moves continuously). Two-car tramways use a ''jig-back'' system: a large
electric motor An electric motor is a machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Most electric motors operate through the interaction between the motor's magnetic field and electric current in a electromagnetic coil, wire winding to gene ...
is located at the bottom of the tramway so that it effectively pulls one cabin down, using that cabin's weight to help pull the other cabin up. A similar system of cables is used in a
funicular A funicular ( ) is a type of cable railway system that connects points along a railway track laid on a steep grade (slope), slope. The system is characterized by two counterbalanced carriages (also called cars or trains) permanently attached to ...
railway. The two passenger or cargo cabins, which carry from 4 to over 150 people, are situated at opposite ends of the loops of cable. Thus, while one is coming up, the other is going down the mountain, and they pass each other midway on the cable span. Some aerial trams have only one cabin, which lends itself better to systems with small elevation changes along the cable run.


History

The first design of an aerial lift was by Croatian polymath
Fausto Veranzio Fausto Veranzio (; ; Hungarian language, Hungarian and Latin regional pronunciation, Vernacular Latin: ''Verancsics Faustus'';Andrew L. SimonMade in Hungary: Hungarian contributions to universal culture/ref>Adam Wybe Adam Wybe, also known as Adam Wiebe (born July 12, 1584 in Harlingen, Friesland, died in 1653 in Danzig), was an engineer and inventor of Dutch origin, active mainly in Danzig (Gdańsk) in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth The Polish–L ...
in
Gdańsk Gdańsk is a city on the Baltic Sea, Baltic coast of northern Poland, and the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship. With a population of 486,492, Data for territorial unit 2261000. it is Poland's sixth-largest city and principal seaport. Gdań ...
, Poland. It was moved by horses and used to move soil over the river to build defences. It is called the first known cable lift in European history and precedes the invention of steel cables. It is not known how long this lift was used. Germany installed the second cable lift 230 years later, now using iron wire cable.


In mining

Aerial tramways are sometimes used in mountainous regions to carry
ore Ore is natural rock or sediment that contains one or more valuable minerals, typically including metals, concentrated above background levels, and that is economically viable to mine and process. The grade of ore refers to the concentration ...
from a mine located high on the mountain to an ore mill located at a lower elevation. Ore tramways were common in the early 20th century at the mines in North and South America. One can still be seen in the
San Juan Mountains The San Juan Mountains is a high and rugged mountain range in the Rocky Mountains in southwestern Colorado and northwestern New Mexico. The area is highly mineralized (the Colorado Mineral Belt) and figured in the gold and silver mining industry ...
of the US state of
Colorado Colorado is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States. It is one of the Mountain states, sharing the Four Corners region with Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. It is also bordered by Wyoming to the north, Nebraska to the northeast, Kansas ...
. Another famous use of aerial tramways was at the Kennecott Copper mine in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park,
Alaska Alaska ( ) is a non-contiguous U.S. state on the northwest extremity of North America. Part of the Western United States region, it is one of the two non-contiguous U.S. states, alongside Hawaii. Alaska is also considered to be the north ...
. Other firms entered the mining tramway business, including Otto, Leschen, Breco Ropeways Ltd., Ceretti and Tanfani, and Riblet. A major British contributor was Bullivant, which became a constituent of British Ropes in 1924.


Moving people

In the beginning of the 20th century, the rise of the middle class and the
leisure industry The leisure industry is the segment of business focused on recreation, entertainment, sports, and tourism (REST)-related products and services. The field has developed to the point of having university degrees and disciplines focused on it, such ...
allowed for investment in sight-seeing transport. Prior to 1893, a combined goods and passenger carrying cableway was installed at
Gibraltar Gibraltar ( , ) is a British Overseas Territories, British Overseas Territory and British overseas cities, city located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula, on the Bay of Gibraltar, near the exit of the Mediterranean Sea into the A ...
. Initially, its passengers were military personnel. An 1893 industry publication said of a two-mile system in Hong Kong that it "is the only wire tramway which has been erected exclusively for the carriage of individuals" (albeit workmen). After the pioneer cable car suitable for public transport on Mount Ulia in 1907Klaus Hoffmann.
Recent Developments in Cable-Drawn Urban Transport Systems
''(pdf) vol. 34, No. 4, 2006, FME Transactions.
(
San Sebastián San Sebastián, officially known by the bilingual name Donostia / San Sebastián (, ), is a city and municipality located in the Basque Autonomous Community, Spain. It lies on the coast of the Bay of Biscay, from the France–Spain border ...
, Spain) by
Leonardo Torres Quevedo Leonardo Torres Quevedo (; 28 December 1852 – 18 December 1936) was a Spanish civil engineer, mathematician and inventor, known for his numerous engineering innovations, including Aerial tramway, aerial trams, airships, catamarans, and remote ...
and the Wetterhorn Elevator (
Grindelwald Grindelwald is a village and Municipalities of Switzerland, municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli (administrative district), Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the Cantons of Switzerland, canton of Bern (canton), Berne. In additio ...
, Switzerland) in 1908, others to the top of high peaks in the Alps of Austria, Germany and Switzerland resulted. They were much less expensive to build than the earlier
rack railway A rack railway (also rack-and-pinion railway, cog railway, or cogwheel railway) is a steep grade railway with a toothed rack rail, usually between the running rails. The trains are fitted with one or more cog wheels or pinions that mesh with ...
. One of the first aerial trams was at
Chamonix Chamonix-Mont-Blanc (; ; (no longer in use)), more commonly known simply as Chamonix (), is a communes of France, commune in the departments of France, department in the regions of France, region in Southeastern France. It was the site of the f ...
, while others in Switzerland, and Garmisch soon followed. From this, it was a natural transposition to build ski lifts and chairlifts. The first cable car in North America was at Cannon Mountain in
Franconia, New Hampshire Franconia is a town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 1,083 at the 2020 census. Set in the White Mountains, Franconia is home to the northern half of Franconia Notch State Park. Parts of the White Mountain Nat ...
in 1938. Many aerial tramways were built by Von Roll Ltd. of Switzerland, later acquired by Austrian lift manufacturer Doppelmayr. Other German, Swiss, and Austrian firms played an important role in the cable car business: Bleichert, Heckel, Pohlig, PHB (Pohlig-Heckel-Bleichert), Garaventa and Waagner-Biró. Now there are three groups dominating the world market:
Doppelmayr Garaventa Group Doppelmayr/Garaventa Group is an international manufacturer of Aerial lift, ropeways and people movers for ski areas, Public transport, urban transport, amusement parks, and material handling systems. As of 2023, the group had produced over 15,400 ...
, Leitner Group, and
Poma Poma, incorporated as Pomagalski S.A., and sometimes referred to as the Poma Group, is a French company which manufactures cable-driven lift systems, including fixed and detachable chairlifts, gondola lifts, funiculars, aerial tramways, peo ...
, the last two being owned by one person. Some aerial tramways have their own
propulsion Propulsion is the generation of force by any combination of pushing or pulling to modify the translational motion of an object, which is typically a rigid body (or an articulated rigid body) but may also concern a fluid. The term is derived from ...
, such as the Lasso Mule or the Josef Mountain Aerial Tramway near
Merano Merano (, ; ) or Meran () is a (municipality) in South Tyrol, Northern Italy. Generally best known for its Spa town, spa resorts, it is located within a Depression (geology), basin, surrounded by mountains standing up to Height above mean sea ...
, Italy.


Urban transport

While typically used for ski resorts, aerial tramways have come into use in the urban environment. The 1976
Roosevelt Island Tramway The Roosevelt Island Tramway is an aerial tramway that crosses the East River in New York City, connecting Roosevelt Island to the Upper East Side of Manhattan. The tramway is the first commuter aerial tramway in the U.S., having opened on May 1 ...
in New York City, the 2022 Rakavlit cable car in Haifa, Israel and the 2006 Portland Aerial Tram are examples where this technology has been successfully adapted for
public transport Public transport (also known as public transit, mass transit, or simply transit) are forms of transport available to the general public. It typically uses a fixed schedule, route and charges a fixed fare. There is no rigid definition of whic ...
.


Telpherage

The telpherage concept was first publicised in 1883 and several experimental lines were constructed. It was designed to compete not with railways, but with horses and carts.Lusted, A., 1985: The Electric Telpherage Railway. Glynde Archivist 2:16–28. The first commercial telpherage line was in Glynde, which is in Sussex, England. It was built to connect a newly opened clay pit to the local railway station and opened in 1885.


Double deckers

There are aerial tramways with double deck cabins. The
Vanoise Express The Vanoise Express is a French double-decker Aerial tramway, cable car that links La Plagne with Les Arcs ski resorts in the Alps, acting as a vital link in the Paradiski area. Ordered by Compagnie des Alpes and built by Poma in time for the '0 ...
cable car carries 200 people in each cabin at a height of over the Ponturin
gorge A canyon (; archaic British English spelling: ''cañon''), gorge or chasm, is a deep cleft between escarpments or cliffs resulting from weathering and the erosion, erosive activity of a river over geologic time scales. Rivers have a natural tend ...
in France. The Shinhotaka Ropeway carries 121 people in each cabin at Mount Hotaka in Japan. The CabriO cable car to the summit of the Stanserhorn in Switzerland carries 60 persons, with the upper floor accommodating 30 people in the open air. File:Shinhotaka ropeway01s3200.jpg, Shinhotaka Ropeway File:20180617 S-Bahn-R 5105 (48401307962).jpg, Stanserhorn cabriolet ropeway with adapted pylon


Records

* First – Adam Wybe's construction in Gdańsk (1644). It was the first rope railway with many supports and the biggest built until the end of 19th century. * Longest (at time of building) and years operated: ** 1906–1927 Chilecito – Mina La Mejicana, Argentina ( and branch). ** 1925–1950 Dúrcal – Motril, Spain ( and branch). ** 1937–1941 Asmara – Massawa, Eritrea ( and branch), technically a Funifor. ** 1943–1987 Kristineberg- Boliden, Sweden. still working as the Norsjö ropeway. * Second longest: ** 1959–1986 Moanda – Mbinda, Gabon – Republic of Congo. * Longest over water: ** 1906 – the same century; Thio, New Caledonia. ship loading. ** 1941–2006 Forsby-Köping limestone cableway, Sweden. crossing of Hjälmaren strait. 42 km system. ** 2007 Nha Trang City – Vinpearl Land, Hon Tre Island, Vietnam. Total length 3.3 km. * Longest currently operational: ** Norsjö aerial tramway Mensträsk-Bjurfors in Norsjö, Sweden. Passenger tramway, a section of the former 96-km Kristineberg-Boliden industrial ropeway. ** 12.5 km (7.8 mi) Mérida cable car Mérida, Venezuela. ** Grindelwald–Männlichen gondola cableway, Switzerland ** Wings of Tatev,
Armenia Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of West Asia. It is a part of the Caucasus region and is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia (country), Georgia to the north and Azerbaijan to ...
, the world's longest reversible cable car line of one section. ** Medeu-Shimbulak tramway near Almaty, Kazakhstan. **
Sandia Peak Tramway The Sandia Peak Tramway is an aerial tramway, adjacent to Albuquerque, New Mexico, in the United States. It stretches from the northeast edge of the city to Sandia Peak, on the ridge line of the Sandia MountainsThe upper station of the tramway ...
, reversible tramway in
Albuquerque, New Mexico Albuquerque ( ; ), also known as ABQ, Burque, the Duke City, and in the past 'the Q', is the List of municipalities in New Mexico, most populous city in the U.S. state of New Mexico, and the county seat of Bernalillo County, New Mexico, Bernal ...
. * Highest lift: ** from at Chilecito – Mina La Mejicana, Argentina (drops back to at upper terminal). * Highest lift currently operational: ** 3188 m (10,459 ft) from 1,577 MSL to 4,765 MSL (5,174 FAMSL to 15,633 FAMSL) Mérida cable car, Venezuela. * Highest station: ** Greater than 1935-19?? Aucanquilcha, Chile. * Lowest station: ** below sea level Masada cableway, Israel. * Tallest support tower: ** Cat Hai – Phu Long cable car, Vietnam. * As mass transit: ** The
Roosevelt Island Tramway The Roosevelt Island Tramway is an aerial tramway that crosses the East River in New York City, connecting Roosevelt Island to the Upper East Side of Manhattan. The tramway is the first commuter aerial tramway in the U.S., having opened on May 1 ...
in
New York City New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ...
was the first aerial tramway in
North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South Ameri ...
used by commuters as a mode of
mass transit Public transport (also known as public transit, mass transit, or simply transit) are forms of transport available to the general public. It typically uses a fixed schedule, route and charges a fixed fare. There is no rigid definition of whi ...
(See Transportation in New York City). Passengers pay with the same farecard used for the
New York City Subway The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system in New York City serving the New York City boroughs, boroughs of Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, and the Bronx. It is owned by the government of New York City and leased to the New York City Tr ...
. ** The Portland Aerial Tram in
Portland, Oregon Portland ( ) is the List of cities in Oregon, most populous city in the U.S. state of Oregon, located in the Pacific Northwest region. Situated close to northwest Oregon at the confluence of the Willamette River, Willamette and Columbia River, ...
, was opened in January 2007 and became the second public transportation aerial tramway in North America. ** In Medellin, Colombia, both the Metro and the recent Metrocable aerial tramway addition can be used while paying a single fare. * Largest rotating cars: ** Palm Springs Aerial Tramway in
Palm Springs, California Palm Springs (Cahuilla language, Cahuilla: ''Séc-he'') is a desert resort city in Riverside County, California, United States, within the Colorado Desert's Coachella Valley. The city covers approximately , making it the largest city in Rivers ...
.


List of accidents

Despite the introduction of various safety measures (back-up power generators, evacuation plans, etc.) there have been several serious incidents on aerial tramways, some fatal. * August 15, 1960: Four people were killed and six injured when a passenger cabin on the Monte Faito cableway fell on to the track of the Vesuvius railway. One of the main cables slipped off its pulley when the cabin approached the lower terminal. The car hit the terminal building, killing the conductor and three passengers. * August 29, 1961: A military plane split the hauling cable of the Vallée Blanche Aerial Tramway on the
Aiguille du Midi The Aiguille du Midi (, "Needle at midday") is a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif within the French Alps. It is a popular tourist destination and can be directly accessed by cable car from Chamonix that takes visitors close to Mont Blanc. Ca ...
in the
Mont Blanc Mont Blanc (, ) is a mountain in the Alps, rising above sea level, located right at the Franco-Italian border. It is the highest mountain in Europe outside the Caucasus Mountains, the second-most prominent mountain in Europe (after Mount E ...
massif: six people killed. * July 9, 1974: Ulriksbanen is an aerial tramway in
Bergen Bergen (, ) is a city and municipalities of Norway, municipality in Vestland county on the Western Norway, west coast of Norway. Bergen is the list of towns and cities in Norway, second-largest city in Norway after the capital Oslo. By May 20 ...
, Norway, operated by a tow rope, which hauls it, and a carrying rope. On July 9, 1974, as the carriage reached its destination at the top station and just as the carriage operator was about to open the doors, the tow rope broke. The carriage operator was thrown into the back of the vehicle, preventing him from reaching the emergency brake. The carriage began whizzing down the still intact carrying rope, gathering speed quickly and approaching the first vertical mast about 70meters away. Because the tow rope was broken, it was no longer taut at the point where it crossed over the the carriage crossed the mast, the broken tow rope jammed up and caused the carriage to jump off the carrying rope and begin to free-fall straight down towards the ground 15meters below. The carriage crashed to the ground on a downslope, causing the carriage to careen down the mountainside a further 30meters before it was crushed up against some boulders, finally coming to a stop. Four of the eight occupants were killed. * March 9, 1976: In the Italian Dolomites at Cavalese, a cab fell after a rope broke, killing 43. ''(See 1976 Cavalese cable car crash)'' * April 15, 1978: In a storm, two carrying ropes of the Squaw Valley Aerial Tramway in California fell from the aerial tramway support tower. One of the ropes partly destroyed the cabin. Four were killed, 32 injured. * June 1, 1990: Nineteen were killed and fifteen injured after a hauling rope broke in the 1990 Tbilisi Cable car accident * February 3, 1998: U.S. Marine Corps
EA-6B Prowler The Northrop Grumman (formerly Grumman) EA-6B Prowler is a twin-engine, four-seat, mid-wing electronic-warfare aircraft. Operated by both the United States Marine Corps and United States Navy between 1971 and 2019, it was derived from the A- ...
jets severed the cable of an aerial ropeway in Cavalese, Italy, killing 20 people. ''(See Cavalese cable car disaster (1998))'' * July 1, 1999: Saint-Étienne-en-Dévoluy, France. An aerial tramway car detached from the cable it was traveling on and fell to the valley floor, killing all 20 occupants. The majority were employees and contractors of an international astronomical observatory run by the Institut de Radioastronomie Millémétrique. ''(See Saint-Étienne-en-Dévoluy cable car disaster)'' * October 19, 2003: Four were killed and 11 injured when three cars slipped off the cable of the Darjeeling Ropeway. * April 2, 2004: In Yerevan, Armenia on an urban cable car one of the two cabins derailed from the steel track cable and fell to the ground killing five, including two Iranians, and injuring 11 others. The second cabin slammed onto the lower station injuring three people. * October 9, 2004: Crash of a cabin of the Grünberg aerial tramway in
Gmunden Gmunden () is a town in Upper Austria, in the district of Gmunden (district), Gmunden. It has 13,204 inhabitants (estimates 2016 ). Geography Gmunden covers an area of and has a median elevation of . It is situated next to the lake Traunsee on t ...
, Austria. Many injuries. * December 31, 2012: The Alyeska Resort Aerial Tramway was blown sideways while operating in high winds and was impaled on the tower guide, severely damaging the contacting cabin. Only minor injuries were incurred. * December 4, 2018, an exterior panel of the Portland Aerial Tram dropped at least 100 feet (30 m) and struck a pedestrian walking below. * May 23, 2021: 14 people were killed when a cable failed 300 m from the top of the Mottarone mountain. * October 21, 2021: One person died after a cable car cabin became detached from its cable at the Ještěd mountain in
Liberec Liberec (; ) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 108,000 inhabitants, making it the fifth largest city in the country. It lies on the Lusatian Neisse River, in a basin surrounded by mountains. The city centre is well preserved and is pr ...
, Czech Republic. * April 12, 2024: One person died and seven people were injured after a cable car cabin hit a pole and burst open in
Antalya Antalya is the fifth-most populous city in Turkey and the capital of Antalya Province. Recognized as the "capital of tourism" in Turkey and a pivotal part of the Turkish Riviera, Antalya sits on Anatolia's southwest coast, flanked by the Tau ...
, Turkey. * April 17, 2025: A cable car of the Monte Faito cableway crashed to the ground after a cable snapped, killing at least four people and critically injuring one. The snapped cable brought both the upward and downward-going cable cars to a halt as they traversed Monte Faito. The upward cable car eventually crashed, causing the fatalities and injury, while eight tourists and an operator were evacuated from the downward cable car.


Gallery


Cableways in fiction

* " Ascension" * '' Blind Fury'' * ''
Get Carter ''Get Carter'' is a 1971 British gangster film, gangster thriller film, written and directed by Mike Hodges in his directorial debut and starring Michael Caine, Ian Hendry, John Osborne, Britt Ekland and Bryan Mosley. Based on Ted Lewis (write ...
'' – coal spoil conveyor Blackhall Beach near Blackhall Colliery * '' Electric City (web series)'' * '' The Haunting of Tram Car 015'' (P. Djèlí Clark) * '' Hoodwinked!'' * '' Kongfrontation'' * ''
Moonraker (film) ''Moonraker'' is a 1979 Spy-fi (subgenre), spy-fi film, the eleventh in the List of James Bond films, ''James Bond'' series produced by Eon Productions, and the fourth to star Roger Moore as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond filmography, Jame ...
'' * ''
Nighthawks (1981 film) ''Nighthawks'' is a 1981 American action thriller film directed by Bruce Malmuth in his solo directorial debut, from a screenplay by David Shaber, based on a story by Shaber and Paul Sylbert. It stars Sylvester Stallone and Billy Dee Williams ...
'' * '' Night Train to Munich'' *
Nitrome Nitrome Games Limited is a British independent video game developer based in London. The company formerly developed Adobe Flash, Flash and Unity (game engine), Unity games for Web browsers, but now publishes and develops games across multiple pla ...
's '' Skywire'' games * ''
On Her Majesty's Secret Service (film) ''On Her Majesty's Secret Service'' is a 1969 spy film and the sixth in the List of James Bond films, ''James Bond'' series produced by Eon Productions. It is based on the On Her Majesty's Secret Service (novel), 1963 novel by Ian Fleming. Foll ...
'' * ''
Where Eagles Dare ''Where Eagles Dare'' is a 1968 action adventure war film directed by Brian G. Hutton and starring Richard Burton, Clint Eastwood and Mary Ure. Set during World War II, it follows a Special Operations Executive team charged with saving a ca ...
'' * ''
Zootopia ''Zootopia'' (titled ''Zootropolis'' or ''Zoomania'' in various regions) is a 2016 American animated buddy cop comedy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios. Directed by Byron Howard and Rich Moore from a screenplay by Jared Bush an ...
'' * '' Kiff (TV series)''


See also

*
Aerial lift An aerial lift, also known as a cable car or ropeway, is a means of cable transport in which ''cabins'', ''cars'', ''Gondola lift, gondolas'', or Chairlift, open chairs are hauled above the ground by means of one or more Wire rope, cables. Aeria ...
* Aerial lift pylon *
Blondin (quarry equipment) Blondins (also known as cable crane, funicular crane, cableway) are a type of material ropeway; they were named after the famous tightrope walker Charles Blondin. Description Blondins are a specialized type of material ropeway that incorpora ...
* Cable car *
Cable ferry A cable ferry (including the types chain ferry, swing ferry, floating bridge, or punt) is a ferry that is guided (and in many cases propelled) across a river or large body of water by cables connected to both shores. Early cable ferries often ...
* Cable transport *
Chairlift An elevated passenger ropeway, or chairlift, is a type of aerial lift, which consists of a continuously circulating steel wire rope loop strung between two end terminals and usually over intermediate towers. They are the primary on-hill tran ...
* COMILOG Cableway in Moanda * Funitel *
Funicular A funicular ( ) is a type of cable railway system that connects points along a railway track laid on a steep grade (slope), slope. The system is characterized by two counterbalanced carriages (also called cars or trains) permanently attached to ...
*
Gondola lift A gondola lift is a means of cable transport and type of aerial lift which is supported and propelled by cables from above. It consists of a loop of steel wire rope that is strung between two stations, sometimes over intermediate suppo ...
*
List of aerial tramways This is a list of aerial tramways (US) or Aerial lift, cable cars (Europe) around the world. *For gondola lifts, see the List of gondola lifts. *For funiculars see List of funicular railways *For funitels, see the Funitel article. Africa * 5 ...
* List of aerial lift manufacturers *
List of spans The following is a list of spans, either used for overhead line crossings of rivers, sea straits or valleys, as antenna or for aerial tramways. Powerline spans in flat areas with high pylons At these spans the sag of the conductors is less th ...
* Riblet Tramway Company *
Roosevelt Island Tramway The Roosevelt Island Tramway is an aerial tramway that crosses the East River in New York City, connecting Roosevelt Island to the Upper East Side of Manhattan. The tramway is the first commuter aerial tramway in the U.S., having opened on May 1 ...
* Ropeway *
Skiing Skiing is the use of skis to glide on snow for basic transport, a recreational activity, or a competitive winter sport. Many types of competitive skiing events are recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), and the International S ...
*
Transport Transport (in British English) or transportation (in American English) is the intentional Motion, movement of humans, animals, and cargo, goods from one location to another. Mode of transport, Modes of transport include aviation, air, land tr ...
* Transporter bridge *
Zip-line A zip-line, zip line, zip-wire, flying fox, or death slide''Who Really Benefits from Tourism'', Publ. Equations, Karnataka, India, 2010. Working Papers Series. "Canopy Tourism"page 37/ref>Jacques Marais, Lisa De Speville, ''Adventure Racing'', ...


References


External links


Aerial Tramways (worldwide)
Lift-Database
Tatever ropeway – is the aerial ropeway to the natural and historic treasures of Syunik.
{{Authority control Aerial lifts Croatian inventions Scottish inventions Ski lift types Vertical transport devices