Tel Yitzhak () is a

kibbutz A kibbutz ( / , ; : kibbutzim / ) is an intentional community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture. The first kibbutz, established in 1910, was Degania Alef, Degania. Today, farming has been partly supplanted by other economi ...

in central Israel. Located in the

coastal plain A coastal plain (also coastal plains, coastal lowland, coastal lowlands) is an area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a sea coast. A fall line commonly marks the border between a coastal plain and an upland area. Formation Coastal plains can f ...

to the south-east of

Netanya Netanya () () or Natanya (), is a city in the "Planet Bekasi" Central District (Israel), Setanyahu of Israel, Israel BAB ih, and is the capital of the surrounding Sharon plain. It is north of Tel Aviv, and south of Haifa, between the Poleg stre ...

, it falls under the jurisdiction of

Hof HaSharon Regional Council Hof HaSharon Regional Council (, ''Mo'atza Azorit Hof HaSharon'', ''lit.'' Sharon Coast Regional Council), is a regional council (Israel), regional council in the Central District (Israel), Central and Tel Aviv District, Tel Aviv districts of Isra ...

. In it had a population of .

History

The region of Tel Yitzhak, bordering the wetlands of the

Poleg The Poleg () is a stream in the Sharon plain in Israel that empties into the Mediterranean Sea between Netanya and the Wingate Institute. Geography The stream starts between Tira and Ramat HaKovesh, east of Mishmeret. It runs west to the sea ...

stream, has been inhabited intermittently since the

Middle Paleolithic The Middle Paleolithic (or Middle Palaeolithic) is the second subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age as it is understood in Europe, Africa and Asia. The term Middle Stone Age is used as an equivalent or a synonym for the Middle P ...

age, with peak periods of settlement during the

Middle Middle or The Middle may refer to: * Centre (geometry), the point equally distant from the outer limits. Places * Middle (sheading), a subdivision of the Isle of Man * Middle Bay (disambiguation) * Middle Brook (disambiguation) * Middle Creek ...

and

Late Bronze Age The Bronze Age () was a historical period characterised principally by the use of bronze tools and the development of complex urban societies, as well as the adoption of writing in some areas. The Bronze Age is the middle principal period of ...

(17th–13th centuries BCE), the

Byzantine The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Having survived the events that caused the fall of the Western Roman E ...

(4th–7th centuries CE) and Late Ottoman periods (19–early 20th centuries CE). Before the 20th century the area formed part of the Forest of Sharon and was part of the lands of the village of Ghabat Kafr Sur. It was an open

woodland A woodland () is, in the broad sense, land covered with woody plants (trees and shrubs), or in a narrow sense, synonymous with wood (or in the U.S., the '' plurale tantum'' woods), a low-density forest forming open habitats with plenty of sunli ...

dominated by Mount Tabor Oak, which extended from

Kfar Yona Kfar Yona () is a city in the Central District (Israel), Central District of Israel. It is located between the cities Netanya and Tulkarm, about 8 km east of Netanya in the central junction between Highway 6 (Israel), Highway 6 and Highway 4 ...

in the north to

Ra'anana Ra'anana () is an affluent city in the southern Sharon, Israel, Sharon Plain of the Central District (Israel), Central District of Israel. It was founded in 1922 as an American-Jewish settlement, 1 km south of the village of Tabsur, where a ...

in the south. The local Arab inhabitants traditionally used the area for pasture, firewood and intermittent cultivation. The intensification of settlement and agriculture in the

during the 19th century led to deforestation and subsequent

environmental degradation Environment most often refers to: __NOTOC__ * Natural environment, referring respectively to all living and non-living things occurring naturally and the physical and biological factors along with their chemical interactions that affect an organism ...

. The kibbutz was established in 1938 by General Zionist

immigrants Immigration is the international movement of people to a destination country of which they are not usual residents or where they do not possess nationality in order to settle as permanent residents. Commuters, tourists, and other short- ...

from Galicia as part of the tower and stockade settlement campaign. It was named after Yitzhak Steiger, a leader of

HaNoar HaTzioni Hanoar Hatzioni (, lit. ''The Zionist Youth''), fully "Histadrut Halutzit Olamit Hanoar Hatzioni", or "HH" for short, is a youth movement established in 1926,

in Galicia. Masua, a center for Holocaust research and commemoration, was established on the kibbutz.

Nature reserve

Southwest of the kibbutz is an 8-

dunam A dunam ( Ottoman Turkish, Arabic: ; ; ; ), also known as a donum or dunum and as the old, Turkish, or Ottoman stremma, was the Ottoman unit of area analogous in role (but not equal) to the Greek stremma or English acre, representing the amo ...

nature reserve established in 1968 to protect flora and fauna native to the Sharon plain. Flora includes

Ceratonia siliqua The carob ( ; ''Ceratonia siliqua'') is a flowering evergreen tree or shrub in the Caesalpinioideae sub-family of the legume family, Fabaceae. It is widely cultivated for its edible fruit, which takes the form of seed pods, and as an orname ...

, ''

Calicotome villosa ''Calicotome villosa'', also known as hairy thorny broom and spiny broom, is a small shrubby tree native to the Mediterranean region. Etymology ''Calicotome'' is derived from the Greek ''Kalux'', calyx and ''tomos'', cut ; this refers to the fac ...

'', ''

Thymelaea hirsuta ''Thymelaea hirsuta'', boalaga (Spanish), bufalaga (Catalan and Dialect, geolectal Spanish), mitnan (Arabic) or shaggy sparrow-wort, is a Xerophyte, xerophytic shrub which can grow to 2 metres in height and has a root system reaching depths of up ...

'', ''

Prasium majus ''Prasium'', common name white hedge-nettle, is a genus of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, first described in 1982. It contains only one known species, ''Prasium majus'', first described for modern science in 1753. It is native to Madei ...

'', ''

Anagyris ''Anagyris'' (Spanish: ''oro de risco'') is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae. Species ''Anagyris'' comprises the following species: * '' Anagyris foetida'' L. * '' Anagyris latifolia'' Br ...

'', and

Lavandula stoechas ''Lavandula stoechas'', the Spanish lavender or topped lavender (U.S.) or French lavender (U.K.), is a species of lavender native to the Mediterranean Basin. Taxonomy The flower was first recorded by Greek botanist Pedanius Dioscorides as the ...

Historic images

File:תל יצחק - הקמת מגדל הצופים ביום עלית קיבוץ תל יצחקעל אדמת הקק"ל בסביבות אבן יהודה-JNF025809.jpeg, Tel Yitzhak construction of watchtower 1938 File:תל יצחק - יום העליה-JNF025810.jpeg, Tel Yitzhak construction of wall, July 1938 File:מראה תל-יצחק בשרון-JNF044939.jpeg, Tel Yitzhak 1939 File:Tel Tsur 1944.jpg, Tel Yitzhak 1944 1:20,000 (bottom right quadrant:Tel Yits-haq)

References

{{Authority control Kibbutzim Populated places established in 1938 Nature reserves in Israel Populated places in Central District (Israel) Protected areas of Central District (Israel) 1938 establishments in Mandatory Palestine Polish-Jewish culture in Israel