Tectariaceae is a

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

of leptosporangiate ferns in the

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of d ...

Polypodiales The order Polypodiales encompasses the major lineages of polypod ferns, which comprise more than 80% of today's fern species. They are found in many parts of the world including tropical, semitropical and temperate areas. Description Polypodiale ...

. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family is placed in the suborder Polypodiineae. Alternatively, it may be treated as the subfamily Tectarioideae of a very broadly defined family Polypodiaceae '' sensu lato''. The family comprises seven

genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial ...

, of which '' Tectaria'' is by far the largest.

Taxonomy

In 1990, Karl U. Kramer and coauthors treated '' Pleocnemia'' and 7 of the currently recognized genera as a subfamily of Dryopteridaceae.Karl U. Kramer (with Richard E. Holttum, Robin C. Moran, and Alan R. Smith). 1990. "Dryopteridaceae". pages ??. In: Klaus Kubitzki (general editor); Karl U. Kramer and Peter S. Green (volume editors) ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' volume I. Springer-Verlag: Berlin;Heidelberg, Germany. Two other genera, ''Arthropteris'' and ''Psammiosorus'', along with '' Oleandra'', constituted Kramer's Oleandraceae. It is now known that Kramer's version of Dryopteridaceae is

polyphyletic A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of conver ...

. ''Arthropteris'' (including ''Psammiosorus'') lies within Tectariaceae and Tectariaceae is sister to a clade consisting of Oleandraceae, Davalliaceae, and Polypodiaceae.Eric Schuettpelz and Kathleen M. Pryer. 2007. "Fern phylogeny inferred from 400 leptosporangiate species and three plastid genes" ''Taxon'' 56(4):1037–1050. (See ''External links'' below). In 2006, in a revision of fern

classification Classification is a process related to categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated and understood. Classification is the grouping of related facts into classes. It may also refer to: Business, organizat ...

, Tectariaceae was an accepted family.Alan R. Smith, Kathleen M. Pryer, Eric Schuettpelz, Petra Korall, Harald Schneider, and Paul G. Wolf. 2006. "A classification for extant ferns." Taxon 55(3):705-731. (See ''External links'' below). In 2007, a

molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

study of Dryopteridaceae included ''Pleocnemia'' and showed that it belongs in Dryopteridaceae.Hong-Mei Liu, Xian-Chun Zhang, Wei Wang, Yin-Long Qiu, and Zhi-Duan Chen. 2007. "Molecular Phylogeny of the Fern Family Dryopteridaceae inferred from Chloroplast rbcL and atpB genes". ''International Journal of Plant Sciences'' 168(9):1311-1323. Also in 2007, ''Dracoglossum'' was named as a new genus.Maarten J.M. Christenhusz. 2007. "''Dracoglossum'', a new Neotropical fern genus (Pteridophyta)". ''Thaiszia Journal of Botany'' 17:1-10. It has since been removed to Lomariopsidaceae.

Phylogeny

In 2016, a

cladistic Cladistics (; ) is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups (" clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived ch ...

analysis of Tectariaceae separated two new genera, ''

Draconopteris ''Draconopteris'' is a genus of ferns in the family Tectariaceae, with a single species ''Draconopteris draconoptera'', according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Taxonomy The genus ''Draconopteris'' was e ...

'' and ''

Malaifilix ''Malaifilix'' is a genus of ferns in the family Tectariaceae, with a single species ''Malaifilix grandidentata'', according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Taxonomy The genus ''Malaifilix'' was erected i ...

'', from ''Tectaria'' ''sensu stricto''.Liang Zhang, Eric Schuettpelz, Carl J. Rothfels, Xin-Mao Zhou, Xin-Fen Gao, and Li-Bing Zhang. 2016. "Circumscription and phylogeny of the fern family Tectariaceae based on plastid and nuclear markers, with the description of two new genera: Draconopteris and Malaifilix (Tectariaceae)". ''Taxon'' 65(4):723–738.

Genera

, the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' accepted the following genera. ''Polydictyum'' was separated from ''Tectaria'' after the publication of PPG I in 2016. *''

Arthropteris ''Arthropteris'' is a small genus of ferns in family Tectariaceae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). It was previously placed in the families Oleandraceae or Davalliaceae. The genus is native to Austral ...

'' J.Sm. *''

'' Li Bing Zhang & Liang Zhang *''

Hypoderris ''Hypoderris'' is a genus of ferns in the family Tectariaceae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Taxonomy The genus ''Hypoderris'' was erected by Robert Brown in 1830. The type species, '' Hypode ...

'' R.Br. *''

'' Li Bing Zhang & Schuettp. *'' Polydictyum'' C.Presl *''

Pteridrys ''Pteridrys'' is a genus of ferns in the family Tectariaceae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Taxonomy The genus ''Pteridrys'' was erected by Carl Christensen and Ren-Chang Ching in 1934. The t ...

'' C.Chr. & Ching *'' Tectaria'' Cav. *''

Triplophyllum ''Triplophyllum'' is a genus of ferns in the family Tectariaceae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Taxonomy The genus ''Triplophyllum'' was erected by Richard Eric Holttum in 1986. The type spec ...

'' Holttum

References

External links

400 leptosporangiates

A classification for extant ferns
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1519020 Fern families