The Taylorcraft Auster was a British military

liaison Liaison or Liaisons may refer to: General usage * Affair, an unfaithful sexual relationship * Collaboration * Co-operation * Liaison, an egg-based thickening used in cooking Arts and entertainment * Liaisons (''Desperate Housewives''), a 2007 ...

and observation aircraft produced by the Taylorcraft Aeroplanes (England) Limited company during the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

Design and development

The Auster was a twice-removed development of an American

Taylorcraft Taylorcraft Aviation is an American airplane manufacturer that has been producing aircraft for more than 70 years in several locations. The company builds small single-engined airplanes. The Taylorcraft design is a conventional layout: high- ...

design of civilian aircraft, the Model A. The Model A had to be redesigned in Britain to meet more stringent Civil Aviation standards and was named the Taylorcraft Plus C.Mondey 1994, p. 71.March 2000, p. 225. After the start of the Second World War, the company developed the model further as an air observation post (AOP)—flown by officers of the

Royal Artillery The Royal Regiment of Artillery, commonly referred to as the Royal Artillery (RA) and colloquially known as "The Gunners", is one of two regiments that make up the artillery arm of the British Army. The Royal Regiment of Artillery comprises t ...

and used for directing

artillery Artillery consists of ranged weapons that launch Ammunition, munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry firearms. Early artillery development focused on the ability to breach defensive walls and fortifications during sieges, and l ...

-fire of the artillery. Auster Taylorcraft C

The Plus C was re-engined with the Blackburn Cirrus Minor I

engine An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy. Available energy sources include potential energy (e.g. energy of the Earth's gravitational field as exploited in hydroelectric power ge ...

and was re-named the Taylorcraft Plus D. Most of the civil Plus Cs and Ds were pressed into

Royal Air Force The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the Air force, air and space force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. It was formed towards the end of the World War I, First World War on 1 April 1918, on the merger of t ...

service; the Plus Cs were re-engined with the Cirrus Minor I and re-named Plus C2. Pre-war tests identified the Taylorcraft Model D as the most suitable aircraft for an AOP. Three more Ds were purchased from Taylorcraft and a trials unit, D Flight, under Major Charles Bazeley RA, formed at Old Sarum on 1 February 1940. The flight with three Austers, one Stinson 105, three artillery and one RAF pilot, moved to France where they trained with artillery and practiced fighter avoidance with Hurricanes of the Air Component of the British Expeditionary Force before moving south to train with French artillery. The flight did not participate in the fighting and withdrew without loss to Britain. The War Office then ordered 100

Stinson L-1 Vigilant The Stinson L-1 Vigilant (company designation Model 74) is an American liaison aircraft designed by the Stinson Aircraft Company of Wayne, Michigan and manufactured at the Vultee-Stinson factory in Nashville, Tennessee (in August 1940 Stinson be ...

s. Formation of the

RAF Army Cooperation Command The RAF Army Co-operation Command was a short-lived Command (military formation), command of the Royal Air Force during the World War II, Second World War, comprising the army cooperation units of the RAF. The command was formed on 1 December 1 ...

in December 1940 led to the RAF rejecting the very notion of light AOP aircraft. Intercession by General

Alan Brooke Field Marshal Alan Francis Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke (23 July 1883 – 17 June 1963), was a senior officer of the British Army. He was Chief of the Imperial General Staff (CIGS), the professional head of the British Army, during the Secon ...

led to an accommodation and the first AOP pilot course for artillery officers taking place in October 1940. In 1941, the first AOP squadron, 651, formed. Stinson Vigilants eventually arrived in early 1942 but most had been severely damaged in transit leading to the adoption of the Taylorcraft Auster 1 and an order for 100 aircraft was placed. Some of the Stinsons were resurrected but found to be too big for the AOP squadrons. The Auster II was a re-engined aircraft with an American

Lycoming O-290 The Lycoming O-290 is a dual-ignition, four-cylinder, air-cooled, horizontally opposed aircraft engine. It was first run in 1939, and entered production three years later. A common variant of the type is the O-290-G, a single-ignition model wh ...

engine. Due to the shortage of American engines that version was not built but led to the Auster III (Model E), which was the same as the Auster I but had a

de Havilland Gipsy Major The de Havilland Gipsy Major or Gipsy IIIA is a four-cylinder, air-cooled, inverted inline engine used in a variety of light aircraft produced in the 1930s, including the famous de Havilland Tiger Moth, Tiger Moth biplane. Many Gipsy Major en ...

engine. The next development was the Auster IV (Model G) which had a slightly larger cabin with three seats and used the Lycoming O-290. The main production version was the Auster V (Model J) which was an Auster IV with blind flying instruments, and a conventional trimmer design. Post war, the Auster Mark V was used as the basis for the Auster J/1 Autocrat intended for the civilian market; the British firm having changed their name to

Auster Auster may refer to: Places * Auster Glacier, located in East Antarctica * Auster Islands, East Antarctica * Auster Pass, located in East Antarctica * Auster Point, located in West Antarctica Other uses * Auster Aircraft, a former British air ...

and stopped licensing from Taylorcraft. Further military aircraft were supplied, the Auster AOP6, Auster T7 (a trainer) and the

Auster AOP9 The Auster AOP.9 was a British military air observation aircraft (" air observation post") produced by Auster Aircraft Limited to replace the Auster AOP.6. Design and development The Auster AOP.9 was designed as a successor to the Auster AOP ...

Operational history

The Auster Mark III, IV and V were issued to twelve RAF, one Polish and three

Royal Canadian Air Force The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF; ) is the air and space force of Canada. Its role is to "provide the Canadian Forces with relevant, responsive and effective airpower". The RCAF is one of three environmental commands within the unified Can ...

(RCAF) air observation post (AOP) Squadrons. The first to deploy was 651 Squadron. The leading elements landed in Algiers on 12 November 1942 with eight aircraft, eleven Royal Artillery (RA) pilots, 39 RA soldiers and 25 airmen (mostly maintenance technicians). The normal strength of an AOP squadron was 12 aircraft, 19 RA officers (all pilots), 83 RA other ranks and 63 RAF including two administrative officers. Aircraft were fitted with an Army No 22 Wireless, an HF set providing two-way voice communications with artillery units and formations on the ground. On 31 March 1943 Army Cooperation Command was disbanded, most of its assets being used to form the

Second Tactical Air Force The Second Tactical Air Force (2TAF) was one of three tactical air forces within the Royal Air Force (RAF) during and after the Second World War. It was made up of squadrons and personnel from the RAF, other British Commonwealth air forces, and ...

. Four squadrons (651, 654 Squadron, 655 Squadron and 657 Squadron) fought in North Africa and Italy, being joined from August 1944 by 663 Polish squadron. The other seven RAF squadrons (Nos. 652, 653,

658 __NOTOC__ Year 658 ( DCLVIII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 658 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe ...

659 __NOTOC__ Year 659 ( DCLIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 659 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe ...

660 Year 660 ( DCLX) was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 660 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming ...

661 Year 661 ( DCLXI) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 661 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming ...

and

662 Year 662 (Roman numerals, DCLXII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 662 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in ...

) operated after D-Day in France, the Low Countries and into Germany. 664 Squadron, 665 Squadron, and 666 Squadron RCAF were also issued with the Auster Mk. IV and V, formed at

RAF Andover RAF Andover is a former Royal Flying Corps and Royal Air Force List of former Royal Air Force stations, station in England, west of Andover, Hampshire. As well as RFC and RAF units, units of the Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps, Royal Ca ...

in late 1944 and early 1945. The RCAF squadrons were manned by Canadian personnel of the

Royal Canadian Artillery The Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery () is the artillery personnel branch of the Canadian Army. History Many of the units and batteries of the Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery are older than the Dominion of Canada itself. The first arti ...

and the RCAF, with brief secondment to the squadrons with pilots from the Royal Artillery; control was maintained in Britain by 70 Group,

RAF Fighter Command RAF Fighter Command was one of the commands of the Royal Air Force. It was formed in 1936 to allow more specialised control of fighter aircraft. It operated throughout the Second World War, winning fame during the Battle of Britain in 1940. The ...

. The three squadrons deployed from RAF Andover to the Netherlands, to Dunkirk in France, where the last Canadian 'shots' in Europe were fired and later to occupied Germany. 656 Squadron RAF was assigned to the Fourteenth Army and used Austers in Burma, generally with flights assigned to each corps. In the European theatre a squadron was generally assigned to each corps but under command for technical matters of an RAF group. The 16 AOP Flight and 17 AOP Flight of the

Royal Australian Air Force The Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) is the principal Air force, aerial warfare force of Australia, a part of the Australian Defence Force (ADF) along with the Royal Australian Navy and the Australian Army. Constitutionally the Governor-Gener ...

(RAAF) operated Auster Mark III aircraft in support of the

Australian Army The Australian Army is the principal Army, land warfare force of Australia. It is a part of the Australian Defence Force (ADF), along with the Royal Australian Navy and the Royal Australian Air Force. The Army is commanded by the Chief of Army ...

in the

Pacific War The Pacific War, sometimes called the Asia–Pacific War or the Pacific Theatre, was the Theater (warfare), theatre of World War II fought between the Empire of Japan and the Allies of World War II, Allies in East Asia, East and Southeast As ...

from October 1944 until the end of the war. Postwar Auster AOP aircraft were reorganised into independent flights (probably because the RAF used Wing-Commanders, equivalent to Lieutenant-Colonels, to command squadrons while the army insisted on Majors) including 1903 Flight in Korea that had artillery pilots from several Commonwealth countries. There was also an Auster-equipped 1913 Liaison Flight. Air OP flights also operated in the Malayan Emergency. Several AOP squadrons were reformed within the

Royal Auxiliary Air Force The Royal Auxiliary Air Force (RAuxAF), formerly the Auxiliary Air Force (AAF), together with the Air Force Reserve, is a component of His Majesty's Reserve Air Forces ( Reserve Forces Act 1996, Part 1, Para 1,(2),(c)). It provides a primary re ...

in 1949 and these operated some AOP.5s, AOP.6s and AOP.9s until at least March 1957, when the Auxiliary Air Force was disbanded. All Auster AOP units were transferred to the Army Air Corps when it was formed in September 1957, with AAC squadrons using numbers starting with 651. The air observation duties, counter-insurgency and casualty evacuation performed by Auster and similar

light aircraft A light aircraft is an aircraft that has a Maximum Takeoff Weight, maximum gross takeoff weight of or less.Crane, Dale: ''Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms, third edition'', page 308. Aviation Supplies & Academics, 1997. Light aircraft are use ...

were generally taken over by light

helicopter A helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which Lift (force), lift and thrust are supplied by horizontally spinning Helicopter rotor, rotors. This allows the helicopter to VTOL, take off and land vertically, to hover (helicopter), hover, and ...

s from the mid-1960s. Several Taylorcraft Austers formed, with other civil light aircraft, part of the initial equipment of the

Sherut Avir The Sherut Avir (, ''Air Service'') was the air force of the Haganah and the forerunner of the Israeli Air Force. Founding The Sherut Avir was founded on 10 November 1947, just two weeks prior to the passing of the 1947 UN Partition Plan on 29 ...

, formed in November 1947 as the air component of the Jewish paramilitary organisation

Haganah Haganah ( , ) was the main Zionist political violence, Zionist paramilitary organization that operated for the Yishuv in the Mandatory Palestine, British Mandate for Palestine. It was founded in 1920 to defend the Yishuv's presence in the reg ...

, which later became part of the

Israeli Air Force The Israeli Air Force (IAF; , commonly known as , ''Kheil HaAvir'', "Air Corps") operates as the aerial and space warfare branch of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). It was founded on May 28, 1948, shortly after the Israeli Declaration of Indep ...

. They were supplemented early in 1948 by six ex-RAF Austers that had been assembled from hulks of 25 aircraft purchased as scrap. These aircraft formed the core of Israel's air force in the early part of the

1947–1949 Palestine war The 1948 Palestine war was fought in the territory of what had been, at the start of the war, British-ruled Mandatory Palestine. During the war, the British withdrew from Palestine, Zionism, Zionist forces conquered territory and established ...

, being used for reconnaissance and supply missions, while also being used to drop home-made bombs on Arab forces.Nordeen 1991, pp.6–7

Variants

;Taylorcraft Plus C :Original civilian version with a

Lycoming O-145 The Lycoming O-145 is a family of small, low-horsepower, four-cylinder, air-cooled engines. It was Lycoming Engines' first horizontally opposed aircraft engine and was produced from 1938 until the late 1940s. The family includes the reduction-ge ...

-A2 engine, 23 built (one prototype and 22 production aircraft). ;Taylorcraft Plus C2 :Plus C re-engined with a Cirrus Minor I engine for the

, 20 conversions. ;Taylorcraft Plus D :Plus C with a 90hp Cirrus Minor I engine, nine built. ;Taylorcraft Auster I :(Model D1) Military version of Plus C2, 100 built. ;Taylorcraft Auster II :(Model F) Auster I with a

engine, two built, later converted to Auster IIIs ;Taylorcraft Auster III :(Model E) Auster I with a

engine, two prototypes converted from Model F (Auster I) and 467 built new. ;Taylorcraft Auster IV :(Model G) Three-seat version with a Lycoming O-290-3/1 H.O. engine, 253 built. ;Taylorcraft Auster V :(Model J) Auster IV with blind flying instruments (Vacuum pump) and flap modification, and removable armour plate installed for pilot only, 791 built. ;Taylorcraft Auster Model H :Experimental tandem two-seat training glider converted from a Taylorcraft B.

Operators

Military operators

;: *

ADF-Serials Auster Page
/ref> 56 Auster IIIs ** No. 2 Communications Unit RAAF ** No. 16 air observation post Flight RAAF ** No. 17 air observation post Flight RAAF ** No. 3 Squadron RAAF ** No. 77 Squadron RAAF ** No. 454 Squadron RAAF **

Aircraft Research and Development Unit RAAF The Royal Australian Air Force's Aircraft Research and Development Unit (ARDU) plans, conducts and analyses the results of ground and flight testing of existing and new Air Force aircraft. ARDU consists of three test and evaluation flights ...

Royal Australian Navy The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) is the navy, naval branch of the Australian Defence Force (ADF). The professional head of the RAN is Chief of Navy (Australia), Chief of Navy (CN) Vice admiral (Australia), Vice Admiral Mark Hammond (admiral), Ma ...

** 723 Squadron RAN ** 724 Squadron RAN ** 725 Squadron RAN ; * Burma Air Force – Postwar ;: *

** No. 664 Squadron RCAF ** No. 665 Squadron RCAF ** No. 666 Squadron RCAF *

Canadian Army The Canadian Army () is the command (military formation), command responsible for the operational readiness of the conventional ground forces of the Canadian Armed Forces. It maintains regular forces units at bases across Canada, and is also re ...

– Postwar ; *

Czechoslovak Air Force The Czechoslovak Air Force (''Československé letectvo'') or the Czechoslovak Army Air Force (''Československé vojenské letectvo'') was the air force branch of the Czechoslovak Army formed in October 1918. The armed forces of Czechoslovakia c ...

– three Auster IIIs, in service from 1945 to 1948. ; *

Hellenic Air Force The Hellenic Air Force (HAF; , sometimes abbreviated as ΠΑ) is the air force of Greece (''Hellenic'' being the endonym for ''Greek'' in the Greek language). It is considered to be one of the largest air forces in NATO, and is globally placed 1 ...

– postwar, 20 Auster IIIs ; *

Royal Hong Kong Auxiliary Air Force The Royal Hong Kong Auxiliary Air Force (RHKAAF) was a Hong Kong Government department based in Hong Kong. It was formed as an air force in 1949 as part of the Hong Kong Defence Force. In preparation for the transfer of sovereignty from the Uni ...

– Postwar ; *

Indonesian Air Force The Indonesian Air Force (, sometimes shortened as IDAF / IdAF) is the Air force, aerial branch of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. The Indonesian Air Force is headquartered in Jakarta, Indonesia, and is headed by the Chief of Staff of th ...

– ex-Dutch aircraft ;: *

; (

Transjordan Transjordan may refer to: * Transjordan (region), an area to the east of the Jordan River * Oultrejordain, a Crusader lordship (1118–1187), also called Transjordan * Emirate of Transjordan, British protectorate (1921–1946) * Hashemite Kingdom o ...

) *

Arab Legion The Arab Legion () was the police force, then regular army, of the Emirate of Transjordan, a British protectorate, in the early part of the 20th century, and then of the Jordan, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, an independent state, with a final Ar ...

Royal Jordanian Air Force The Royal Jordanian Air Force (RJAF; Arabic: سلاح الجو الملكي الأردني, ''Silāḥ al-Jaww al-Malakī al-ʾUrdunī'') is the aerial warfare branch of the Jordanian Armed Forces. Founded in 1955, the RJAF serves as the primary ...

; *

Libyan Air Force The Libyan Air Force () is the branch of the Libyan Armed Forces responsible for aerial warfare. In 2010, before the Libyan Civil War, the Libyan Air Force personnel strength was estimated at 18,000, with an inventory of 374 combat-capable ai ...

;: *

Royal Netherlands Air Force The Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF; , "Royal Air Force") is the military aviation branch of the Netherlands Armed Forces. It was created in 1953 to succeed its predecessor, the ''Luchtvaartafdeling'' () of the Dutch Army, which was founded ...

Royal Netherlands Navy The Royal Netherlands Navy (, ) is the Navy, maritime service branch of the Netherlands Armed Forces. It traces its history to 8 January 1488, making it the List of navies, third-oldest navy in the world. During the 17th and early 18th centurie ...

Dutch Naval Aviation Service The Netherlands Naval Aviation Service (, shortened to MLD) is the naval aviation branch of the Royal Netherlands Navy. History World War I Although the MLD was formed in 1914, with the building of a seaplane base at De Mok, Texel, it deve ...

Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force The Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force (, ML-KNIL) was the air arm of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) from 1939 until 1950. It was an entirely separate organisation from the Royal Netherl ...

– postwar ; *

Royal Norwegian Air Force The Royal Norwegian Air Force (RNoAF) () is the air force of Norway. It was established as a separate arm of the Norwegian Armed Forces on 10 November 1944. The RNoAF's peacetime establishment is approximately 2,430 employees (officers, enlisted ...

in exile in the United Kingdom – Nine aircraft in service from 1944 to 1945. Used by Nos 331 and 332 Norwegian Squadrons as communications aircraft. ; *

Pakistan Air Force The Pakistan Air Force (PAF) (; ) is the aerial warfare branch of the Pakistan Armed Forces, tasked primarily with the aerial defence of Pakistan, with a secondary role of providing air support to the Pakistan Army and Pakistan Navy when re ...

– postwar *

Pakistan Army The Pakistan Army (, ), commonly known as the Pak Army (), is the Land warfare, land service branch and the largest component of the Pakistan Armed Forces. The president of Pakistan is the Commander-in-chief, supreme commander of the army. The ...

– ex-Pakistan Air Force aircraft **

Pakistan Army Aviation Corps The Pakistan Army Corps of Aviation is a Military administration, military administrative and combined arms service Military branch, branch of the Pakistan Army. The Aviation Corps is tasked with configuration of all army aviation aircraft a ...

;: * Polish Air Force in exile in Great Britain ** 663 Polski Szwadron Powietrznych Punktów Obserwacyjnych (1944–1946) ; *

South African Air Force The South African Air Force (SAAF) is the air warfare branch of South African National Defence Force, with its headquarters in Pretoria. The South African Air Force was established on 1 February 1920. The Air Force saw service in World War II a ...

;: *

British Army The British Army is the principal Army, land warfare force of the United Kingdom. the British Army comprises 73,847 regular full-time personnel, 4,127 Brigade of Gurkhas, Gurkhas, 25,742 Army Reserve (United Kingdom), volunteer reserve perso ...

** Army Air Corps *

** No. 651 (AOP) Squadron RAF ** No. 652 (AOP) Squadron RAF ** No. 653 (AOP) Squadron RAF ** No. 654 (AOP) Squadron RAF ** No. 655 (AOP) Squadron RAF ** No. 656 (AOP) Squadron RAF ** No. 657 (AOP) Squadron RAF ** No. 658 (AOP) Squadron RAF ** No. 659 (AOP) Squadron RAF ** No. 660 (AOP) Squadron RAF ** No. 661 (AOP) Squadron RAF ** No. 662 (AOP) Squadron RAF ** No. 663 (AOP) Squadron RAF 1947–1949

Specifications (Auster V)

Surviving aircraft

References

Notes

Bibliography

* Blackburn, George. ''Where The Hell are the Guns?''. Toronto, Canada: McClelland & Stewart Publishing, 1997. . * * * Ellison, N. H. ''Auster Aircraft – Aircraft Production List.'' Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd, 1966. * Fromow, LCol. D. L. ''Canada's Flying Gunners: A History of the Air Observation Post of the Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery''. Ottawa, Canada: Air Observation Post Pilots Association, 2002. . * Hitchman, Ambrose. ''The History of the Auster Aeroplane''. Bingley, UK: International Auster Pilot Club, 1989. * Jackson, A. J. ''British Civil Aircraft since 1919, Volume 1''. London: Putnam and Company, 1974. . * Justo, Craig P. "Talkback". ''

Air Enthusiast ''Air Enthusiast'' was a British, bi-monthly, aviation magazine, published by the Key Publishing group. Initially begun in 1974 as ''Air Enthusiast Quarterly'', the magazine was conceived as a historical adjunct to ''Air International'' magaz ...

'' No. 107, September/October 2003. p. 74. * Ketley, Barry. ''Auster – A Brief History of the Auster Aircraft in British Military Service ''. Ottringham, UK: Flight Recorder Publications, 2005. . * Macfarlane, Arrol. "Warlike Sketches, 1939-1945". . * Nordeen, Lon. ''Fighters Over Israel''. Guild Publishing, 1991. . * * * March, Daniel J. ''British Warplanes of World War II: Combat Aircraft of the RAF and Fleet Air Arm, 1939-1945''. Rochester, Kent, UK: Grange Books plc, 2000. . * Mead, Brigadier Peter. ''The Eye in the Air – History of Air Observation and Reconnaissance for the Army 1785-1945''. London, UK: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1983. . * Mondey, David. ''The Hamlyn Concise Guide to British Aircraft of World War II''. London: Chancellor Press, 1994. . * * "Taylorcraft Auster". ''The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft''. (Part Work 1982–1985). London: Orbis Publishing, 1985. * Willis, David. "Military Auster A to Z: Unarmed and in the frontline." ''

'', Issue 121, January/February 2006, pp. 40–57. . * Willis, David. "Military Auster A to Z: Post-war use and experimentals." ''

'', Issue 122, March/April 2006, pp. 42–57. . * Willis, David. "Military Auster A to Z: n different colours – Exports." ''

'', Issue 123, May/June 2006, pp. 64–72. .

External links

*
International Auster Pilot Club magazine, 1974
{{Authority control Auster aircraft 1940s British military reconnaissance aircraft Single-engined tractor aircraft Aircraft first flown in 1942 Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear

Design and development

Operational history

Variants

Operators

Military operators

Specifications (Auster V)

Surviving aircraft

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links