Tawa Dam
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Tawa Reservoir is a
reservoir A reservoir (; ) is an enlarged lake behind a dam, usually built to water storage, store fresh water, often doubling for hydroelectric power generation. Reservoirs are created by controlling a watercourse that drains an existing body of wa ...
on the Tawa River in central India. It is located in Itarsi of Narmadapuram District of
Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh (; ; ) is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal and the largest city is Indore, Indore. Other major cities includes Gwalior, Jabalpur, and Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, Sagar. Madhya Pradesh is the List of states and union te ...
state. The reservoir was formed by the construction of the Tawa Dam, which began in 1958 and was completed in 1978. The dam provides
irrigation Irrigation (also referred to as watering of plants) is the practice of applying controlled amounts of water to land to help grow crops, landscape plants, and lawns. Irrigation has been a key aspect of agriculture for over 5,000 years and has bee ...
to farm lands in Narmadapuram and Harda districts. It is also a tourist attraction during the
monsoon A monsoon () is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in Atmosphere of Earth, atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annu ...
months. It was designated as a
Ramsar site A Ramsar site is a wetland site designated to be of international importance under the Ramsar Convention,8 ha (O) *** Permanent 8 ha (P) *** Seasonal Intermittent < 8 ha(Ts) **
Satpura National Park and Bori Wildlife Sanctuary.


The power plant

It is a small hydropower plant which was set up on the left bank to utilize the tailrace water for irrigation purpose. It is a private sector hydro-electric generation power plant. The two units of 2 × 6.75 MW were set up by LNJ Bhilwara group. The generated power is supplied to HEG Plant Mandideep via MPPTCL Power Line. The power production in this plant was started in 1998. The construction of project was completed in record time of 22 months and at a cost of about Rs. 65 crore. The early and efficient completion of this dam was made possible by RSWI, Canada. Contact and other details pertaining to the Tawa Reservoir are available on the
Government of Madhya Pradesh The Government of Madhya Pradesh (abbreviated as MP) or Madhya Pradesh Government, is the supreme governing authority of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh and its 55 districts. It consists of an executive, led by the governor of Madhya Prade ...
's Water Resources Department Website.


Technical details

It is a canal head project. Catchment area spreads over approximately 6000 km2. Full reservoir level (FRL) is . Head range 7 to 21 m and discharge varying from 25 to 54 Cumecs. Two turbo generators 6.75 MW rated capacity (20% overload).


Machinery and equipment

* Vertical shaft
Kaplan turbine The Kaplan turbine is a propeller-type water turbine which has adjustable blades. It was developed in 1913 by Austrian professor Viktor Kaplan, who combined automatically adjusted propeller blades with automatically adjusted wicket gates to a ...
s and auxiliaries * 11 kV semi umbrella synchronous generator and auxiliaries * 33 kV vacuum circuit breakers. * 1 MV 33 kV / 415 V auxiliary transformer * Fire protection system * 110 DC with battery backup


History

The Tawa Dam had been built by the Madhya Pradesh government on the Tawa river in the 1970s to ensure enough water supply and hydropower to millions of people in the state. The dam was made under the leadership of late Shri Vinay Kumar Diwan. He was also known as Denva Ke Gandhi for his work for public welfare. He was a public representative in the region for almost two decades serving as MLA. But, while the Dam was being built, the oustees were not resettled properly. They were given only Rs. 75 - 150 for an acre of land and were resettled just on higher ground without the adequate supplies that were promised by the Indian Government. Over the years, the oustees lost their fishing rights. The Government took over fishing rights indefinitely. Later, the private sector got hold of the rights and threatened to kill the villagers. They fished recklessly to maximise their profits, while also policing the reservoir with hired bodyguards. So, a self-help co-operative was formed by the oustees. It was called the Tawa Matsya Sangh. They later got fishing rights and sustainably regrew the fish population that was destroyed by corporate companies, along with making a bit of profit for the benefit of the members. Ironically, the group had to pay Rs. 12 lakh to the Govt to fish on their own land each year. Later, in 2006, the Government snatched away the rights due to its growing commercial importance. Later, a Government reserve took over the rights to protect the fish. Enraged, the oustees fought for their rights in the Supreme Court, citing that they grew the fish there and had been sustainably fishing there for about a decade. Eventually, they lost the case and now the Tawa Reserve is protected from poaching. It is now currently a popular tourist destination during the monsoon months. A cruise boat service has been started by the tourism department for visitors to the dam and reservoir.


References

{{Narmada basin Reservoirs in Madhya Pradesh Dams in Madhya Pradesh Tourist attractions in Narmadapuram district 1978 establishments in Madhya Pradesh Dams completed in 1978 20th-century architecture in India Ramsar sites in India