Tarḫuntaradu (
Luwian
Luwian (), sometimes known as Luvian or Luish, is an ancient language, or group of languages, within the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family. The ethnonym Luwian comes from ''Luwiya'' (also spelled ''Luwia'' or ''Luvia'') – ...
: "worshiper of
Tarḫunt"
) was king of
Arzawa
Arzawa was a region and political entity in Western Anatolia during the Late Bronze Age. In Hittite texts, the term is used to refer both to a particular kingdom and to a loose confederation of states. The chief Arzawan state, whose capital wa ...
during the first half of the 14th century BC.
History
Late Bronze
Military campaign
Under his rule, the
Luwian
Luwian (), sometimes known as Luvian or Luish, is an ancient language, or group of languages, within the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family. The ethnonym Luwian comes from ''Luwiya'' (also spelled ''Luwia'' or ''Luvia'') – ...
kingdom of Arzawa centered on Apasa (Ephesus) managed to penetrate far into the territory of the
Hittite Empire
The Hittites () were an Anatolian peoples, Anatolian Proto-Indo-Europeans, Indo-European people who formed one of the first major civilizations of the Bronze Age in West Asia. Possibly originating from beyond the Black Sea, they settled in mo ...
ruled by
Tudhaliya III Tudḫaliya is the name of several Hittite kings or royals. It is not clear how many kings bore that name, and numbering schemes vary from source to source.
*Tudḫaliya (sometimes called Tudḫaliya I) is deduced from his early placement in a lat ...
(c. 1380 BC), then weakened by invasions of the
Kaška Kashka may refer to:
* Kaskians
The Kaska (also Kaška, later Tabal (state), Tabalian Kasku and Gasga) were a loosely affiliated Bronze Age non-Indo-European tribal people, who spoke the unclassified Kaskian language and lived in mountainous East ...
peoples. Tarhantaradu occupied areas in the "Lower Land" (
Lycaonia
Lycaonia (; , ''Lykaonia''; ) was a large region in the interior of Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey), north of the Taurus Mountains. It was bounded on the east by Cappadocia, on the north by Galatia, on the west by Phrygia and Pisidia, while to ...
), and succeeded in penetrating as far as the Hittite city of
Tuwanuwa
Tyana, earlier known as Tuwana during the Iron Age, and Tūwanuwa during the Bronze Age, was an ancient city in the Anatolian region of Cappadocia, in modern Kemerhisar, Niğde Province, Central Anatolia, Turkey.
It was the capital of a Luwia ...
.
Ultimately, the Hittites would defeat Arzawa under
Suppiluliuma I (c. 1350 BC). By the end of the reign of Suppiluliuma I,
Uhha-Ziti
Uhha-Ziti was the last independent king of Arzawa, a Bronze Age kingdom of western Anatolia around 1320 BC.
Family
Uhha-Ziti had two recorded children, Piyama-Kurunta and Tapalazunauli, who were of fighting age as of 1322 BC.
History Late Bronz ...
ruled Arzawa (c. 1320 BC). He rebelled and Arzawa was divided into lesser vassal states under
Mursili II There were three Hittite kings called Mursili:
* Mursili I, ca. 1556–1526 BCE ( short chronology), and was likely a grandson of his predecessor, Hattusili I. His sister was Ḫarapšili and his wife was queen Kali.
* Mursili II, (also spelled Mur ...
.
Relations with Egypt
He negotiated with, and wed one of his daughters to, the Egyptian pharaoh
Amenhotep III
Amenhotep III ( , ; "Amun is satisfied"), also known as Amenhotep the Magnificent or Amenhotep the Great and Hellenization, Hellenized as Amenophis III, was the ninth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, Eighteenth Dynasty. According to d ...
, who acknowledged him as "Great King" - a title usually given to the Hittite ruler.
Literature
Susanne Heinhold-Krahmer: Tarḫundaradu, Tarḫun(n)aradu. In: Michael P. Streck (ed.): ''
''
Real lexicon of Assyriology and Near Eastern Archeology" Vol. 13, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin/Boston 2011-2013, , pp. 459-460.
References
{{Reflist
Kings of Arzawa