Mirza Taghi Khan Raf'at (; ) was the son of Agha Mohammad Tabrizi. He was educated in

Istanbul Istanbul is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, constituting the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With Demographics of Istanbul, a population over , it is home to 18% of the Demographics ...

and during

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

returned to

Tabriz Tabriz (; ) is a city in the Central District (Tabriz County), Central District of Tabriz County, in the East Azerbaijan province, East Azerbaijan province of northwestern Iran. It serves as capital of the province, the county, and the distric ...

to teach French in high school. He was a

modernist Modernism was an early 20th-century movement in literature, visual arts, and music that emphasized experimentation, abstraction, and Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy), subjective experience. Philosophy, politics, architecture, and soc ...

poet who wrote in Turkish and French as well as Persian. Politically, he was a follower of

Mohammad Khiabani Shaikh Mohammad Khiābāni (, 1880–1920), sometimes spelled Khiyabani, also known as Shaikh Mohammad Khiābāni Tabrizi was an Iranian peoples, Iranian Shia cleric, political leader, and representative to the Majlis of Iran, parliament. He was ...

, and edited the latter's newspaper, ''Tajaddod'' ("Modernity"), an organ of the Democratic Party of Azerbaijan, as well as the magazine '' Azadistan''. When Khiabani's movement was violently crushed, Rafat committed suicide in a small village near Tabriz. His arguments with Malek-osh-Sho'arā Bahār, a traditionalist poet are famous. he was a reformist with a hot tongue who criticized the old ways of literature in Iran and was pushing for reforms in both form and content in order to revolutionize the core of Persian Literature, especially in poetry.Resources - Iranian Poets
Toos Foundation. Retrieved 4 September 2016

See also

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Further reading