''Taphrina'' is a
fungal
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one of the tradit ...
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
within the
Ascomycota
Ascomycota is a phylum of the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, forms the subkingdom Dikarya. Its members are commonly known as the sac fungi or ascomycetes. It is the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 64,000 species. The def ...
that causes leaf and
catkin
A catkin or ament is a slim, cylindrical flower cluster (a spike), with inconspicuous or no petals, usually wind- pollinated ( anemophilous) but sometimes insect-pollinated (as in '' Salix''). It contains many, usually unisexual flowers, arra ...
curl diseases and
witch's brooms of certain flowering plants. One of the more commonly observed species causes peach
leaf curl. ''Taphrina'' typically grow as
yeast
Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms classified as members of the fungus kingdom (biology), kingdom. The first yeast originated hundreds of millions of years ago, and at least 1,500 species are currently recognized. They are est ...
s during one phase of their
life cycles, then infect plant tissues in which typical
hyphae
A hypha (; ) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium.
Structure
A hypha consists of one o ...
are formed, and ultimately they form a naked layer of
asci on the deformed, often brightly pigmented surfaces of their hosts. No discrete fruit body is formed outside of the
gall
Galls (from the Latin , 'oak-apple') or ''cecidia'' (from the Greek , anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to benign tumors or war ...
-like or blister-like tissues of the hosts. The asci form a layer lacking
paraphyses, and they lack
croziers. The
ascospore
In fungi, an ascospore is the sexual spore formed inside an ascus—the sac-like cell that defines the division Ascomycota, the largest and most diverse Division (botany), division of fungi. After two parental cell nucleus, nuclei fuse, the ascu ...
s frequently bud into multiple yeast cells within the asci. Phylogenetically, ''Taphrina'' is a member of a
basal group within the Ascomycota, and type genus for the subphylum
Taphrinomycotina
The Taphrinomycotina are one of three subdivisions constituting the Ascomycota (fungi that form their spores in a sac-like ascus) and is more or less synonymous with the slightly older invalid name Archiascomycetes (sometimes spelled Archaeascomy ...
, the class
Taphrinomycetes
The Taphrinomycetes are a class of ascomycete fungi belonging to the subdivision Taphrinomycotina. It includes the single order Taphrinales, which includes 2 families, 8 genera and 140 species
A species () is often defined as the largest ...
, and order
Taphrinales.
Species
* ''
Taphrina alni'' (Berk. & Broome) Gjaerum
* ''
Taphrina aurea'' (Pers.) Fr.
* ''
Taphrina betulina'' Rostr.
* ''
Taphrina bullata'' (Berkeley) Tulasne
* ''
Taphrina caerulescens'' (Desmaz. & Mont.) Tul.
* ''
Taphrina communis'' (Sadeb.) Giesenh.
[''Taphrina'' communis (Sadeb.) Giesenh., Global Biodiversity Information Facility]
* ''
Taphrina coryli''
* ''
Taphrina deformans'' (Berk.) Tul.
* ''
Taphrina entomospora'' Thaxter
* ''
Taphrina faulliana'' Mix
* ''
Taphrina filicina'' Rostr.
* ''
Taphrina hiratsukae'' Nishida
* ''
Taphrina johansonii'' Sadebeck
* ''
Taphrina maculans'' Butler
* ''
Taphrina padi'' (Jacz.) Mix
* ''
Taphrina piri''
* ''
Taphrina polystichi'' Mix
* ''
Taphrina populina'' (Fr. ex Fr.) Fr.
* ''
Taphrina potentillae'' (Farl.) Johans.
* ''
Taphrina pruni'' Tul.
* ''
Taphrina sadebeckii'' Johans.
* ''
Taphrina tosquinetii'' (WestendD.) Magnus
* ''
Taphrina ulmi'' (Fuckel) Johans.
* ''
Taphrina wiesneri'' (Rathay) Mix
Footnotes
References
Broad leaf plant diseases in Canada (BC)- leaf spot example of TaphrinaThe Oregon Coalition of Interdisciplinary Databases: "Archiascomycetes: Early Diverging Ascomycetes"
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Taphrinomycetes
Ascomycota genera
Taxa named by Elias Magnus Fries
Taxa described in 1815