Tanjay

Tanjay, officially the City of Tanjay (; ), is a component city in the province of Negros Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 82,642 people.

The city is home to two indigenous languages, Minagahat and the Cebuano as listed by the Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino.

History

Prehistory

The earliest evidence for human habitation dates back to the 1st to 4th centuries and products from the 12th century Song dynasty which were discovered in recent excavations and was said to have ventured perhaps in the area we now know as ''Támpi'' in Amlan.

Bol-anon emigration

In 1563, a surprise raid by undercover Ternatean forces aided by Portuguese upon Bo-ol resulted in destruction of much of the settlement, from mass looting to enslavement. Consequently, a majority of the local Bol-anon survivors dispersed in an exodus to nearby islands, notably eastern Negros, Siquijor, and the northern coast of the Zamboanga peninsula where they founded Dapitan. The majority, however, settled in the lowlands of southeastern Negros and founded Tanay, the old pronunciation of present-day Tanjay.

Spanish colonial period

Explorations

Two years later in 1565, Esteban Rodríguez of the Legazpi expedition, caught by storm on his way back to Cebu from Bohol, sought refuge in the eastern shore of the island and met local Negritos called ''ata'', ''agta'', or ''ati''.

The first map of the Negros Island, dated 1572 and charted by Diego López de Povedano identified it as ''Buglas'', the native reference derived from the tall cane-like grass which ranged thick and persistent over the island (now known as ''cógon'').

His report upon returning to Cebu prompted Fray Andrés de Urdaneta to visit the island, landing in what is now Escalante in Negros Occidental. In the same year, Capitán Mateo de Cádiz led a small expedition which reached an area near present-day Tanjay. Capitán Miguel de Loarca followed with a larger expedition and force and proceeded to lay claim to what the Spaniards called the Island of Negros. Both Povedano and Loarca pointed to the Tanay-Dumaguete area as the most densely populated in the eastern half of the island. Tanay, considered the more important settlement, was made the administrative capital of Negros Island. It however, remained under the jurisdiction of the province of Cebu. It was the first archdeacon of Cebu, Fray Diego Ferreira, who sent Fray Gabriel Sánchez and other Augustinian priests to the new territory. Thus, on June 11, 1580, Tanjay was founded as the ''Missión de Santiago de los Ríos de Tanay'', the center of religious supervision for Dumaguete, Marabago, Siaton and Manalongon.

When it officially shifted from Tanay to Tanjay is not exactly known, but may have started as a typographical error on an official document sometime in the 18th century.

From these few parishes along the coast, the priests administered the sacraments to the people in the hinterlands and served as mission to the wandering locals, converting them to Christianity. Evangelization began very slowly because of the great distance over hills from one hut to another.

By 1587, the Augustinians had almost abandoned all missions in Negros due to lack of manpower. Evidence, however, points to a secular priest in charge of the Parish of Tanjay before 1602. It was in 1600 that these missions regained pastoral attention when the Jesuits were assigned in Negros. The first priest of Tanjay, ''Fray'' Diego Ferreira, was appointed in 1589. Tanjay parish, under the patronage of St. James the greater is the oldest in the Orient.

Parish of Tanjay

Catholicism was brought to this part of Oriental Negros by the Augustinians. The Definitorium dated June 11, 1580 mentions of the foundation of the Parish of Tanjay, with the communities of Dumaguete, Siaton, Marabago and Manalongon. Due to the lack of personnel on the part of the Augustinian Fathers, the spiritual care of this new foundation was entrusted to the care of the Diocesan Clergy of Cebu. This is why the reason Tanjay Parish became part of the Diocese of Cebu.

Later in 1851, at the request of the Bishop of Cebu, the Augustinian Recollect Fathers took over the spiritual care of the Parish and up to the time the diocesan clergy again took over. Then when the Diocese of Jaro was erected in 1865, Tanjay as part of Negros became part of the Diocese (since the whole island was made part of the new Diocese). And then, when the Diocese of Bacolod was erected in 1933, again, Tanjay became part of this new Diocese (since Oriental Negros and Siquijor were made part of the new Diocese). And in 1955, Tanjay became part of the Diocese of Dumaguete. Up to the present, it is still part of the Diocese of Dumaguete.

From the Parish of Tanjay, came later the following parishes: Dumaguete was separated in 1620; Amlan in 1848; Siaton in 1848; Bacong (Marabago) in 1849; San Jose (Ayuquitan) in 1895. And when Dumaguete became a Diocese, again two more parishes were taken from Tanjay: Pamplona in 1960, and Santa Cruz in 1969.

Sinulog de Tanjay

The Sinulog is purely Tanjay tradition. It is a religious devotional festive dance with a mock battle depicting the war between the Moros and the Christians in Granada, Spain in centuries past. It is based on the legend that St. James miraculously aided the Christians by riding on white horse from the heavens and slew hundreds of Moors.

Thus, the Sinulog is a religious exercise glorifying the Christians and honoring the feast day of Señor Santiago who is the patron saint of Tanjay and also of Spain.

The Sinulog was first performed in this town in 1814, under the auspices of the Catholic Church with ''Fray'' Fernando Félix de Zúñiga (1814–1816) as Parish Priest. It then became the highlight of every fiesta celebration during the incumbencies of succeeding parish priests from the brothers ''Presbyter'' Pedro Bracamonte (1816–1839; 1843–1847) and Luciano Bracamonte (1839–1842) to ''Fray'' Jorge Gargacilla, OAR (1885–1889). ''Fray'' Jorge ''del Pilar'' Adán OAR (1889–1898) dispensed with the Sinulog in 1897 for reasons known only to him, but then his successor ''Fray'' Baldomero Villarreal (1898–1929) revived it in 1904 until the end of his term in 1929. There was Sinulog performance for two fiestas during the term of ''Fray'' Gregorio Santiagudo as Parish Priest in 1930–1931.

In 1932, through the initiative of group of laymen from Barrio San Isidro Tabúc and Barrio Iláud, the Sinulog was again a part of the Tanjay fiesta celebration through the years until the outbreak of the Second World War in the Pacific in 1941. The war ended in 1945 but the Sinulog came to be resumed only in 1947 and continued to be an annual fiesta spectacle until 1970 when most of the long-time devotee participants were already too old to perform, or had already died.

In the early 1970s, the Sinulog devotion was taken over by a group of elementary school children from Ilaud under Alfred García, a schoolteacher and lone survivor of the old-time Sinulog team. Until the 1987 fiesta, the Sinulog had been a children's affair. Although the children's Sinulog bore the spirit of the Tanjay fiesta celebration, it was evident that they lacked the right expressive moments and authenticity of the former groups which were composed by matured men.

Because of its high historical and cultural value, the Sinulog de Tanjay was featured at the Folk Arts Theater in 1981. Later, in the year 1988, a significant milestone in Tanjay's Sinulog history was attained. In the spirit of love and concern – of cherishing what is really ours, and of keeping and preserving a beautiful Tanjay tradition – then Tanjay mayor Arturo S. Regalado introduced a Sinulog contest as the highlight of that year's fiesta celebration. His purpose was to revive the real Sinulog de Tanjay, and for the different participating groups to recapture the art and skill as well as the logical movements and sequence of the Sinulog in the past. It was the then mayor's aim to let the contesting groups portray the Sinulog dance and mock battle with the right grace and ability, the right logical sequence of movements, and the ability to elicit the air and spirit of festivity. Above all, he also wanted the contestants to re-live the authenticity of the Sinulog that Tanjay used to witness in the past which our forefathers proudly termed as the "Sinulog de Tanjay", the original Sinulog.

There was a short period during the tenure of the then mayor Baltazar T. Salma that the name Sinulog de Tanjay was changed to ''Saulog de Tanjay'' for reasons that they say it connoted the Sinulog de Cebu and thus had it changed to Saulog de Tanjay. After some time, the original name was preserved to reinstate the original Sinulog de Tanjay.

Choreographed street dancing with a finale is incorporated with the mock battle to make for a more artistic and colorful Sinulog. Also present is a Sinulog Merry-Making Contest in the evening of July 23. The Sinulog de Tanjay finale on July 24 is immediately followed by an endurance contest.

World War II

In 1942, Imperial Japanese Army arrived in Tanjay. During the Japanese occupation of Tanjay, and at the height of enforced collaboration to the community by the Japanese imperial forces under the threat of summary execution, the following were appointed mayors for brief intervals: Concejo Calumpang de Martinez, Perfecto Calumpang and José E. Romero who at the time had just returned from Manila while the Commonwealth government was in exile and after having just survived the sinking of ''SS'' Corregidor, which resulted in the death of former senator Hermenegildo Villanueva, his son Jesus Pablo Villanueva, the academic supervisor of Negros Oriental Juanito Calumpang and his daughter Carolina Calumpang, among many other Visayans.

In 1945, Filipino soldiers of the 6th, 7th, 73rd and 75th Infantry Division of the Philippine Commonwealth Army and the 6th and 7th Constabulary Regiment of the Philippine Constabulary were helped by the recognized guerrillas to fight the Japanese imperial forces to liberate Tanjay.

Post-World War II

In 1950, the barrio of Pamplona was made into a separate municipality.

Cityhood

Tanjay became a city by virtue of Republic Act No. 9026. The act was signed by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo on March 5, 2001. Tanjay was finally proclaimed a component city on April 1, 2001, after a plebiscite was conducted for the purpose.

Geography

Tanjay's land area is and is utilized for agricultural, residential, commercial, industrial, educational, forestral and other purposes. It is the only city in Negros Oriental with a very wide flat lowland, although mountainous and rolling hills are found in the hinterland barangays of Santo Niño and Pal-ew. Rugged areas can also be found in barangays Bahi-an and Santa Cruz Nuevo.

The city is part of the 2nd congressional district of Negros Oriental and is located north of Dumaguete. It is bounded on the north by Bais, on the south by Amlan, on the east by the Tañon Strait and west by Pamplona.

Barangays

Tanjay is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Climate

Tanjay has a moderate and pleasant climate. It is characterized by a relatively wet season from May to February and dry season from March to April. Rainfall occurs throughout the year with the heaviest volume during the months of July and August. The months of March and April are the hottest months and the coldest is December. January is the humid month while April is the least humid period. The months of November and December have the strongest wind velocities throughout the year.

Demographics

Economy

Government

The last ''capitán municipal'' of Tanjay at the end of the Spanish regime was Don José Muñoz, natural son of ''Fray'' José Antonio Enrique Muñoz-Górriz and Liberata Teves y Villamil of Dumaguete. Prior to this, he was ''gobernadorcillo,'' owing to his mother's naturalised ''indio'' status that made him eligible to sit in that position. Don Agapito Calumpang, who was a ''cabeza de barangay'', was also a former gobernadorcillo of Tanjay.

Upon the arrival of the Americans and the reorganization of local political structures, Don José Muñoz was appointed as ''presidente municipal'' while Don Agapito Calumpang was appointed as ''vice presidente municipal''. Andrés Molas was appointed as town secretary, Don Lucas Rodríguez y Montero as town treasurer, Don Pelagio Z. López y González, a justice of the peace under the Spanish crown, as municipal chief constable, and Félix Barot as justice of the peace, replacing the former.

The following is a list of mayors and vice mayors of Tanjay from 1901 to the present.

Education

The public schools in Tanjay are administered by the Schools Division of Tanjay City.

High schools

* Azagra High School — Azagra
* Bahi-an High School — Bahi-an
* Domingo Ledesma Mapa High School (formerly ''Nagsala HS'') — Sitio Nagsala, Sta. Cruz Viejo
* Lourdes Ledesma ''de'' del Prado Memorial National High School — Sta. Cruz Viejo
* Graciano Banogon High School — Sitio Camansi, Novallas
* Patricio Palomar Memorial High School — Sitio Ponglo, Sto. Niño
* Luca High School — Luca
* Namonbon High School — Sitio Namonbon, Pal-ew
* Pal-ew High School (formerly ''Lourdes L. del Prado MNHS - Pal-ew'') — Pal-ew
* Polo High School (formerly ''Tanjay NHS - Polo'') — Polo
* Rufino Aguilar Memorial High School (formerly ''Novallas HS'') — Novallas
* San Miguel High School — San Miguel
* Santo Niño High School (formerly ''Lourdes L. de del Prado MNHS - Sto. Niño'') — Sto. Niño
* Tanjay City Science High School — Calle Magallanes, Poblacion IX (Opao)
* Tanjay High School (Legislated) — Zamora Street, Catiaw-tiaw, Poblacion III
* Tanjay National High School — Calle Magallanes, Poblacion IX (Opao)

Private schools

* ABC Learning Center — Calzada del Progreso, Poblacion II
* Casa Marie Learning Institute — Pancil, Obogon
* Diaz College — Nono Limbaga Drive, Poblacion IX (Opao)
* Immaculate Heart Academy — Rizal Street, Poblacion II
* Villaflores College — Calle Legazpi, Poblacion VIII

Notable personalities

* Chanda Romero, Philippine actress.
* Eddie Romero, National Artist of the Philippines for Cinema and Broadcast Arts.
* José Benito Atilano Joaquín Villegas y Teves - 70th Governor of Oriental Negros
* José María Emeterio Romero y Muñoz - Philippine (formerly American) statesman, and Philippine ambassador to the Court of St. James's
* José Emeterio Romero y Villanueva - Philippine diplomat.
* Julián Manuel Teves y Lajato - 72nd Governor of Oriental Negros
* Manuel Sagarbarría y Longa - 91st Governor of Oriental Negros
* Serafín Miguel Teves y Lajato - 79th Governor of Oriental Negros
* Emilio Yap - Philippine-Chinese businessman.
* Mariano Muñoz - first Spanish language professor and first head of the Language department at Silliman University
* María Cristina Sangróniz de Vázquez-Prada, Spanish-Philippine socialite

References

External links

* Philippine Standard Geographic Codebr>Philippine Census InformationLocal Governance Performance Management System

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Cities in Negros Oriental
Populated places established in 1580
1580 establishments in the Philippines
Component cities in the Philippines
Tanjay