was a feudal domain under the

Tokugawa shogunate The Tokugawa shogunate (, Japanese 徳川幕府 ''Tokugawa bakufu''), also known as the , was the military government of Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in ...

Edo period The or is the period between 1603 and 1867 in the history of Japan, when Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional ''daimyo''. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengoku period, the Edo period was character ...

Japan, located in

Suruga Province was an old province in the area that is today the central part of Shizuoka Prefecture. Suruga bordered on Izu, Kai, Sagami, Shinano, and Tōtōmi provinces; and was bordered by the Pacific Ocean through Suruga Bay to the south. Its abbrev ...

in what is now modern-day Fujieda, Shizuoka. It was centered around

Tanaka Castle is a Japanese castle located in Fujieda, central Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. At the end of the Edo period, Tanaka Castle was home to a branch of the Honda clan, ''daimyō'' of Tanaka Domain. Background Tanaka Castle is located on a hill in a m ...

. "Suruga Province" at JapaneseCastleExplorer.com
retrieved 2013-4-10. Tanaka Domain was controlled by a large number of '' fudai daimyō'' clans in the course of its history, seldom for more than one generation.

History

Tanaka Castle was built by the

Imagawa clan was a Japanese samurai clan that claimed descent from the Seiwa Genji by way of the Kawachi Genji. It was a branch of the Minamoto clan by the Ashikaga clan. Origins Ashikaga Kuniuji, grandson of Ashikaga Yoshiuji, established himself in ...

as a subsidiary fortification guarding the eastern approaches to

Sunpu Castle was a Japanese castle in Shizuoka City, Shizuoka Prefecture in Japan. The sobriquet of this feudal fortress was the "Castle of the Floating Isle".Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)Shizuoka It was also referred to as or . Hi ...

and was greatly expanded by the

Takeda clan The was a Japanese samurai clan active from the late Heian period until the late 16th century. The clan was historically based in Kai Province in present-day Yamanashi Prefecture. The clan reached its greatest influence under the rule of T ...

after they occupied Suruga Province. After the defeat of the Takeda clan, the castle came under the control of

Tokugawa Ieyasu was the founder and first ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan, which ruled Japan from 1603 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. He was one of the three "Great Unifiers" of Japan, along with his former lord Oda Nobunaga and fel ...

. In 1590, the

Tokugawa clan The is a Japanese dynasty that was formerly a powerful '' daimyō'' family. They nominally descended from Emperor Seiwa (850–880) and were a branch of the Minamoto clan (Seiwa Genji) through the Matsudaira clan. The early history of this cl ...

was transferred to the

Kanto region Kantō (Japanese) Kanto is a simplified spelling of , a Japanese word, only omitting the diacritics. In Japan Kantō may refer to: * Kantō Plain * Kantō region * Kantō-kai, organized crime group * Kanto (Pokémon), a geographical region in t ...

Toyotomi Hideyoshi , otherwise known as and , was a Japanese samurai and '' daimyō'' ( feudal lord) of the late Sengoku period regarded as the second "Great Unifier" of Japan.Richard Holmes, The World Atlas of Warfare: Military Innovations that Changed the C ...

, who awarded the castle to his retainer, Nakamura Kazutada. Ieyasu regained control after the defeat of the Toyotomi forces at the

Battle of Sekigahara The Battle of Sekigahara ( Shinjitai: ; Kyūjitai: , Hepburn romanization: ''Sekigahara no Tatakai'') was a decisive battle on October 21, 1600 ( Keichō 5, 15th day of the 9th month) in what is now Gifu prefecture, Japan, at the end of ...

. In 1601, Ieyasu made Sakai Tadatoshi castellan, with a ''

kokudaka refers to a system for determining land value for taxation purposes under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo-period Japan, and expressing this value in terms of '' koku'' of rice. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Koku"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. ...

'' of 10,000 '' koku''. This marked the start of Tanaka Domain. Tadatoshi developed Fujieda-juku into a post station on the Tōkaidō, and as a

castle town A castle town is a settlement built adjacent to or surrounding a castle. Castle towns were common in Medieval Europe. Some examples include small towns like Alnwick and Arundel, which are still dominated by their castles. In Western Europe, ...

. He was so successful in his efforts that he was rewarded with a larger domain at Kawagoe in

Musashi Province was a province of Japan, which today comprises Tokyo Metropolis, most of Saitama Prefecture and part of Kanagawa Prefecture. It was sometimes called . The province encompassed Kawasaki and Yokohama. Musashi bordered on Kai, Kōzuke, Sagami ...

in 1607, and Tanaka Domain reverted to direct Shogunal control. Tanaka Domain was then given to

Matsudaira Tadashige The was a Japanese samurai clan that descended from the Minamoto clan. It originated in and took its name from Matsudaira village, in Mikawa Province (modern-day Aichi Prefecture). During the Sengoku period, the chieftain of the main line of t ...

, with its ''kokudaka'' increased to 25,000 ''koku'' in 1633. However, Tadashige was transferred to

Kakegawa is a city in western Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 117,925 in 45,519 households. The total area of the city is . Geography Kakegawa is in the coastal plains of southwest Shizuoka Prefecture. It is borde ...

two years later, and his place was taken

Mizuno Tadayoshi () is a Japanese sports equipment and sportswear company, founded in Osaka in 1906 by Rihachi Mizuno. Today, Mizuno is a global corporation which makes a wide variety of sports equipment and sportswear for badminton, baseball, boxing, cyclin ...

, with ''kokudaka'' of 45,000 ''koku''. The

Mizuno clan The was a Japanese kin group which claimed descent from Minamoto no Mitsumasa, son of Minamoto no Tsunemoto of the Seiwa Genji clan. Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). ''Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon''; Papinot, (2 ...

was subsequently replaced by the Fujii-Matsudaira, Hōjō, Nishio, Sakai, Tsuchiya, Ōta, Naitō, and Toki clans until Tanaka Domain finally came under the rule of the Honda clan in 1730. The Honda continued to rule Tanaka Domain over seven generations, until the

Meiji Restoration The , referred to at the time as the , and also known as the Meiji Renovation, Revolution, Regeneration, Reform, or Renewal, was a political event that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji. Although there were r ...

of 1868. After the final Tokugawa Shōgun,

Tokugawa Yoshinobu Prince was the 15th and last ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. He was part of a movement which aimed to reform the aging shogunate, but was ultimately unsuccessful. He resigned of his position as shogun in late 1867, while aiming ...

, surrendered his title to

Emperor Meiji , also called or , was the 122nd emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession. Reigning from 13 February 1867 to his death, he was the first monarch of the Empire of Japan and presided over the Meiji era. He was the figur ...

, he relocated from Edo to Sumpu, with the provinces of Suruga, Izu and Mikawa assigned as his personal domains. Tanaka Domain was included within the area of the new Shizuoka Domain. Thus, in September 1868, Tanaka Domain officially ceased to exist. The final ''daimyō'' of Tanaka Domain,

Honda Masamori was the 7th (and final) ''daimyō'' of Tanaka Domain in Suruga Province, Japan (modern-day Shizuoka prefecture) and 9th head of the branch of the Honda clan descended from Honda Tadashige. His courtesy title was ''Kokushi (officials), Kii-no-kami ...

, received the new (and short-lived) domain of Nagao Domain in Awa province in exchange for his previous holdings, and took steps to relocate to that location before the

abolition of the han system The in the Empire of Japan and its replacement by a system of prefectures in 1871 was the culmination of the Meiji Restoration begun in 1868, the starting year of the Meiji period. Under the reform, all daimyos (, ''daimyō'', feudal lords) ...

in 1871.

Holdings at the end of the Edo period

As with most domains in the

han system ( ja, 藩, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji period (1868–1912). Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Han"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 283. or (daimyo domain) ...

, Tanaka Domain consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned ''

'', based on periodic

cadastral A cadastre or cadaster is a comprehensive recording of the real estate or real property's metes and bounds, metes-and-bounds of a country.Jo Henssen, ''Basic Principles of the Main Cadastral Systems in the World,'/ref> Often it is represented gra ...

surveys and projected agricultural yields.Elison, George and Bardwell L. Smith (1987)
''Warlords, Artists, & Commoners: Japan in the Sixteenth Century,'' p. 18
*

Shimōsa Province was a province of Japan in the area modern Chiba Prefecture, and Ibaraki Prefecture. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Shimōsa''" in . It lies to the north of the Bōsō Peninsula (房総半島), whose name takes its first ''kanji'' from ...

**33 villages in Katsushika District **10 villages in Soma District *

**6 villages in Suntō District **57 villages in Shida District **20 villages in Mashizu District

List of daimyō

Honda Masanori

was the 3rd ''daimyō'' of Numata Domain in

Kōzuke Province was a province of Japan in the area of Japan that is today Gunma Prefecture. Kōzuke bordered by Echigo, Shinano, Musashi and Shimotsuke Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was . Under the ''Engishiki'' classification system, Kōzuke was ra ...

and 1st Honda ''daimyō'' of Tanaka Domain. The son of a

hatamoto A was a high ranking samurai in the direct service of the Tokugawa shogunate of feudal Japan. While all three of the shogunates in Japanese history had official retainers, in the two preceding ones, they were referred to as ''gokenin.'' Howev ...

, he was adopted as heir to Honda Masatake in 1713 and became ''daimyō'' on the latter's death in 1721. In 1723, he served as '' sōshaban'' in the shogun's court. In 1730, he was ordered to relocate to Tanaka Domain in Suruga Province, with the same nominal ''

'' of 40,000 '' koku''.

Honda Masayoshi

was the 2nd Honda ''daimyō'' of Tanaka Domain. Masayoshi was the third son of Honda Masanori. He was presented in formal audience to the

Shōgun , officially , was the title of the military dictators of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, though during part of the Kamakur ...

in 1725, and received the

courtesy title A courtesy title is a title that does not have legal significance but rather is used through custom or courtesy, particularly, in the context of nobility, the titles used by children of members of the nobility (cf. substantive title). In some c ...

of ''Kii-no-kami''. He became ''daimyō'' on his father's death in 1735. In 1737, he served as '' sōshaban'' in the shogun's court and in 1739 he was appointed '' Jisha-bugyō''. In 1746, he promoted to ''

rōjū The , usually translated as ''Elder'', was one of the highest-ranking government posts under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan. The term refers either to individual Elders, or to the Council of Elders as a whole; under the first two '' sh� ...

'' and received the courtesy title of ''Hōki-no-kami'' and the honorific title of chamberlain in 1747. he resigned his posts in 1758 due to accusations of mishandling a major peasant uprising in

Mino Province was a province of Japan in the area of Japan that is today southern Gifu Prefecture. Mino was bordered by Ōmi to the west, Echizen and Hida to the north, and Shinano to the east, and Ise, Mikawa, and Owari to the south. Its abbrevia ...

and was ordered the shave his head in atonement. He retired in 1773 and died in 1768. His grave is at the temple of Renshō-ji in Fujieda. His wife was a daughter of Matsudaira Nobutoki of

Yoshida Domain was a Japanese feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Mikawa Province located in eastern Mikawa Province (modern-day eastern Aichi Prefecture), Japan. It was centered on Yoshida Castle in what is now the city o ...

Honda Masatomo

was the 3rd Honda ''daimyō'' of Tanaka Domain. Masatomo was born in Edo as the second son of Honda Masayoshi, and became heir on the death of his eldest brother in 1757. He was presented in formal audience to the Shōgun in 1761, and received the courtesy title of ''Kii-no-kami''. He became ''daimyō'' on his father's retirement in 1773. Although he encouraged the development of martial arts within the domain, he died after a short tenure in 1777. His grave is at the temple of Tokuhon-ji in

Asakusa is a district in Taitō, Tokyo, Japan. It is known as the location of the Sensō-ji, a Buddhist temple dedicated to the bodhisattva Kannon. There are several other temples in Asakusa, as well as various festivals, such as the . History T ...

, Tokyo. He did not have a formal wife.

Honda Masaharu

was the 4th Honda ''daimyō'' of Tanaka Domain. Masaharu was born in Edo as the eldest son of Honda Masatomo, and became ''daimyō'' on the death of his father in 1777. Due to his youth, the shogunate appointed his uncle, Kuroda Naokuni, as regent. He was presented in formal audience to the Shōgun in 1782, and received the courtesy title of ''Hōki-no-kami''. The shogunate ordered Tanaka Domain to take control of Sagara Castle after the dispossession of

Tanuma Okitsugu (September 11, 1719, in Edo, Japan – August 25, 1788, in Edo) was a chamberlain (''sobashū'') and a senior counselor (''rōjū'') to the ''shōgun'' Tokugawa Ieharu of the Tokugawa Shogunate, in the Edo period of Japan. Tanuma and his ...

in 1787.In 1798 he changed his name from Masatoku to Masaharu. In 1794, he brought Kishu mikan trees from

Kii Province , or , was a province of Japan in the part of Honshū that is today Wakayama Prefecture, as well as the southern part of Mie Prefecture. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Kii''" in . Kii bordered Ise, Izumi, Kawachi, Shima, and Yamato ...

to his domain, establishing the start of the orange industry in Shizuoka. In 1799, the shogunate ordered him to reconstruct Edo's

Yushima Seidō , is a Confucian temple () in Yushima, Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan. It was established in end of the 17th century during the Genroku era of the Edo period. Towards the late Edo period, one of the most important educational institutions of the sh ...

. However, due to a peasant's revolt in his domain, he retired from office in 1800. He died in 1831 and his grave is at the temple of Tokuhon-ji in Asakusa, Tokyo. His wife was a daughter of Nagao Naoyoshi of Takatsuka Domain.

Honda Masaoki

was the 5th Honda ''daimyō'' of Tanaka Domain. Masaoki was born in Edo as the eldest son of Honda Masaharu. Masaharu had divorced his wife earlier that year, not realizing that she was pregnant and Masaoki was born at the Nagai clan's Edo residence. After he received word of the birth, he agreed to take Masaoki as his heir. He became ''daimyō'' on his father's retirement in 1800. In 1808, he served as '' sōshaban'' in the shogun's court. He was noted for encouraging education within the domain, including financial incentives similar to a modern scholarship program for people with financial difficulties; however, this applied only to the samurai class, and the peasants rose in revolt again in 1816 after a typhoon resulted in a crop failure. In 1822, he was appointed '' Jisha-bugyō'' and in 1825 was promoted to '' wakadoshiyori'', with his courtesy title changed to ''Tōtōmi-no-kami''. He died in 1829 and his grave is at the temple of Tokuhon-ji in Asakusa, Tokyo. HIs wife was a daughter of

Toda Takanaka Toda may refer to: *Toda (surname), a Japanese surname *Queen Toda of Navarre (fl. 885–970) *Toda people *Toda language *Toda Embroidery *Toda lattice *Toda field theory *Oscillator Toda *Toda, Saitama, Japan * TODA Racing, who tune and race ve ...

of Utsunomiya Domain.

Honda Masahiro

was the 6th Honda ''daimyō'' of Tanaka Domain. Masaoki was born in Edo as the eldest son of Honda Masaoki and became ''daimyō'' on his father's death in 1829. During his tenure he attempted to reform the financial situation of the domain through planting new crops, encouraging wood, oil and charcoal production and domain monopolies on certain goods. In 1836, he served as '' sōshaban'' and in 1837 he opened a

han school The was an educational institution in the Edo period of Japan, originally established to educate children of ''daimyō'' (feudal lords) and their retainers in the domains outside of the capital. These institutions were also known as ''hangaku ...

. He also modernized the domain's military forces by creating a rifle brigade and by purchasing artillery. The domain suffered considerable damage during the 1854 Tōkai earthquake. He died in 1860 at the age of 53. His wife was a daughter of Matsudaira Naritaka of Tsuyama Domain.

Honda Masamori

was the 7th (and final) ''daimyō'' of Tanaka Domain. Masamori was the younger brother of Honda Masahiro, and became ''daimyō'' on his brother's death in 1860. After the

Meiji restoration The , referred to at the time as the , and also known as the Meiji Renovation, Revolution, Regeneration, Reform, or Renewal, was a political event that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji. Although there were r ...

, he was forced to relocate from Tanaka to newly created Nagao Domain in Awa province, with the same nominal revenue of 40,000 '' koku''. He retired in 1870 and died in 1885.

References

External links

"Tanaka" at Edo 300
{{Authority control Domains of Japan 1601 establishments in Japan States and territories established in 1601 1868 disestablishments in Japan States and territories disestablished in 1868 Suruga Province History of Shizuoka Prefecture Honda clan