The Tamoios Environmental Protection Area () is an environmental protection area of the state of

Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, or simply Rio, is the capital of the Rio de Janeiro (state), state of Rio de Janeiro. It is the List of cities in Brazil by population, second-most-populous city in Brazil (after São Paulo) and the Largest cities in the America ...

, Brazil. It protects an area of coastal forests, mangroves, rocky shores and islands.

Location

The Tamoios Environmental Protection Area (APA) is in the municipality of

Angra dos Reis Angra dos Reis (; Portuguese language, Portuguese for ''cove'' or ''bay of the Kings'') is a List of municipalities in Rio de Janeiro, municipality located in the southern part of the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro (state), Rio de Janeiro. Th ...

, Rio de Janeiro, in the region known as the Costa Verde. The APA has a mainland portion covering the Marinah area, and an insular portion covering the

Ilha Grande Ilha Grande (), or "big island", is a forested island located around 12 km (7.5 mi) off of the Atlantic coast of Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and about 243 km (151 mi) from São Paulo. The highest point on Ilha Grande is the tall Pic ...

and all other islands in the municipality of Angra dos Reis in the basins of Ilha Grande, Ribeira and Jacuacanga. The APA extends across Angra dos Reis from the mouth of the Mambucaba River, adjacent to the historic village of Mambucaba, in the west on the boundary with the municipality of

Paraty Paraty (or Parati, ) is a preserved Portuguese colonial (1500–1822) and Brazilian Imperial (1822–1889) municipality with a population of about 43,000. The name "Paraty" originates from the local Guaianá Indians' indigenous Tupi language, ...

to the boundary with the municipality of

Mangaratiba Mangaratiba () is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. Its population is 45,220 (2020) and its area is 352 km2.IBGE - Part of the Sylvester Stallone film '' The Expendables'' was shot in the central part of the c ...

in the east. It has an area of . The boundaries contain , but only the land and islands are covered by the decree creating the APA. The reserve protects extensive areas of mangroves, which are important as breeding areas for fish and shellfish. There are also rocky coasts and

restinga Restingas () are a distinct type of coastal tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest in eastern Brazil. They form on sandy, acidic, and nutrient-poor soils, and are characterized by medium-sized trees and shrubs adapted to the drier and n ...

areas of great scenic beauty that are home to a rich variety of flora and fauna. There are over 100 islands within the of Ilha Grande Bay. Lack of regulation and control has allowed the marine ecosystem to degrade and lose biodiversity and landscape quality. 19 of the islands are part of the Tamoios Ecological Station. The APA contains the Praia do Sul Biological Reserve and the Ilha Grande State Park. The APA also includes of land that is not fully protected. The Ilha Grande has been part of the

Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve The Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve, or Mata Atlântica Biosphere Reserve (MABR, ), is a biosphere reserve covering remnants of the Atlantic Forest in Brazil, including fully protected and sustainable use conservation units and buffer zones. It ...

since 1992. It is part of the Bocaina Mosaic of conservation units.

History

The Tamoios Environmental Protection Area was created by decree 9.452 of the governor of Rio de Janeiro on 5 December 1982. The decree was signed in 1986. The purpose is to protect the natural environment of great scenic beauty, home to rare and endangered species, as well as ''

caiçaras Caiçaras () are a people who inhabit the coastlines of the Brazil, Brazilian states of Paraná (state), Paraná, São Paulo (state), São Paulo and Santa Catarina (state), Santa Catarina, and the municipalities of Paraty and Angra dos Reis, in the ...

'' communities integrated into these ecosystems. The master plan was instituted on 1 July 1994. Decree 41.921 of June 2009 authorized installation of new projects in the wildlife conservation area of the APA, where previously only renovation or expansion of existing buildings was allowed. Since 2011 there has been discussion about creation by the state of an Ilha Grande Marine Environmental Protection Area to control and manage the marine environment. The management plan was approved on 25 April 2013.

Notes

Sources

* * * * {{authority control 1982 establishments in Brazil Environmental protection areas of Brazil Protected areas of Rio de Janeiro (state) Angra dos Reis