Talbiseh
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Talbiseh (, also spelled Talbisa, Tell Bisa, Talbeesa) is a large town in northwestern
Syria Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to Syria–Turkey border, the north, Iraq to Iraq–Syria border, t ...
administratively part of the
Homs Governorate Homs Governorate ( / ALA-LC: ''Muḥāfaẓat Ḥimṣ'') is one of the fourteen Governorates of Syria, governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in central Syria. Its geography differs in various locations in the governorate, from to . ...
, about 10 kilometers north of
Homs Homs ( ; ), known in pre-Islamic times as Emesa ( ; ), is a city in western Syria and the capital of the Homs Governorate. It is Metres above sea level, above sea level and is located north of Damascus. Located on the Orontes River, Homs is ...
. Nearby localities include
al-Rastan Al-Rastan () is the third largest city in the Homs Governorate, located north of its administrative capital Homs and from Hama. Nearby localities include Talbiseh and al-Ghantu to the south, al-Zaafaraniyah and al-Mashrafah to the southeast, Mur ...
to the north, al-Ghantoo to the southwest and
al-Mashrafah Qatna (modern: , Tell al-Mishrifeh; also Tell Misrife or Tell Mishrifeh) was an ancient city located in Homs Governorate, Syria. Its remains constitute a tell situated about northeast of Homs near the village of al-Mishrifeh. The city was an ...
to the east. The old town of Talbiseh is situated on an isolated hill. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) Talbiseh had a population of 30,796 in 2004.General Census of Population and Housing 2004
Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). Homs Governorate.
Its inhabitants are mostly
Sunni Muslim Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam and the largest religious denomination in the world. It holds that Muhammad did not appoint any successor and that his closest companion Abu Bakr () rightfully succeeded him as the caliph of the Musli ...
s. Talbiseh is located to the north of Homs in Syria on the international road that crosses Syria from north to south. It is the ancient caravan route. Talbiseh is about 10 km from Rastan. The swamps surrounded it on three sides: south, west and north. The caravan route moved away from it to the west by about 200 meters, avoiding the wide swamps. In some rainy years, pools of water formed west of the road in the form of a shallow lake. This meant that the caravans were crossing a narrow road similar to a strait, which tempted thieves and bandits to raid the caravans, rob and plunder them, and flee.This is what prompted some of them to call the hill “Thief Hill” which was completely empty of peopl


History

Talbiseh is built atop an ancient '' Tell (archaeology), tell'' ("artificial mound"). In 1945 a large
hoard A hoard or "wealth deposit" is an archaeological term for a collection of valuable objects or artifacts, sometimes purposely buried in the ground, in which case it is sometimes also known as a cache. This would usually be with the intention of ...
of
Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Having survived History of the Roman Empire, the events that caused the ...
-era
copper Copper is a chemical element; it has symbol Cu (from Latin ) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a pinkish-orang ...
coins were discovered in Talbiseh.American Numismatic Society, 1955, p. 108. The roughly 835 coins, which dated back to 631 CE, consisted of three specimens depicting the emperors
Justin II Justin II (; ; died 5 October 578) was Eastern Roman emperor from 565 until 578. He was the nephew of Justinian I and the husband of Sophia, the niece of Justinian's wife Theodora. Justin II inherited a greatly enlarged but overextended empir ...
,
Phocas Phocas (; ; 5475 October 610) was Eastern Roman emperor from 602 to 610. Initially a middle-ranking officer in the East Roman army, Roman army, Phocas rose to prominence as a spokesman for dissatisfied soldiers in their disputes with the cour ...
and
Heraclius Constantine Heraclius Constantine (; ; 3 May 612 – 25 May 641), often enumerated as Constantine III, was one of the shortest reigning Byzantine emperors, ruling for three months in 641. He was the eldest son of Emperor Heraclius and his first wife Fabia ...
.Pottier, 2004, p. 120. Its proximity to important cities that played a distinguished role in the history of ancient Syria leads us to believe that it must have contributed to such a role in one way or another. Assuming that Talbiseh is Abzu, the Ebla archives - as we mentioned - reported that this city witnessed the treaty between the Egyptians and the city of Kadesh. Other than that, the long period between the end of the Hittite tide and the emergence of Christianity is very poor in information. However, this does not mean that Talbiseh was absent from the historical scene. The antiquities found in the citadel and its surroundings confirm that the historical sequence of the city was not interrupted. Assyrian and Aramaic antiquities and writings were found scattered here and there. As for the Greek antiquities, they are abundant and appear clearly in the tombstones. The same is true of the Roman antiquities, which are seen almost everywhere, especially the canals that transported fresh water to many areas, such as the Rastan citadel, which indicates the richness of Talbiseh in water in that er

Its vast lands were a battlefield in the fierce battles between the armies advancing from the north to seize Homs, and the armies defending it. A battle between the armies of Zenobia and the Romans took place on the plain extending between Homs and Talbiseh in 272 AD. It was as if the vast plains of Talbiseh had turned into battlefields whenever Homs was exposed to danger coming from the north. The Tatar attack was confronted by both Ashraf Musa, the ruler of Homs, and Al-Mansur, the ruler of Hama, in 656 AH (1260 AD) on the Talbiseh plains, and they inflicted a terrible defeat on the Tatars, who were defeated and turned back. These plains were also a favorite place for the leaders of the Islamic conquest armies to reorganize and rehabilitate them to complete the conquest operation

In Talbiseh, a wall was built around the hill, which was later called Talbiseh Castle. Some attribute the construction of Talbiseh Castle to reasons related to maintaining security and protecting the Hajj caravans heading from the Ottoman lands (currently Turkey) to the Hijaz, as Talbiseh was a Hajj route.These caravans were often exposed to Bedouin raids, and one of these raids led to the killing of the minister Abdul Rahim Al-Azm and his commander in one of the battles with them.The Bedouin raids at that time were a source of concern for the government, spreading chaos and blocking roads, plundering and looting,then fleeing back to their camps in the desert, carrying their spoils with them. For this reason, Talbiseh Castle was buil


Ottoman era

During the Ottoman Syria, Ottoman era, particularly throughout the 18th-century, Talbiseh served as one of the principal rural fortress towns in northern Syria and it was located along what was known as the "Sultanic Road" which led to
Istanbul Istanbul is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, constituting the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With Demographics of Istanbul, a population over , it is home to 18% of the Demographics ...
, the seat of the
empire An empire is a political unit made up of several territories, military outpost (military), outposts, and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a hegemony, dominant center and subordinate peripheries". The center of the ...
. Its importance had grown as a result of the decline of
Maarrat al-Nu'man Maarat al-Numan (), also known as al-Ma'arra, is a city in northwestern Syria, south of Idlib and north of Hama, with a population of about 58,008 before the Civil War (2004 census). In 2017, it was estimated to have a population of 80,000, inc ...
and
Hisyah Hisyah (, also spelled Hasya, Hasiyah, Hesa or Hessia) is a town in central Syria, administratively part of the Homs Governorate, located about 35 kilometers south of Homs. Situated on the M5 Highway between Homs and Damascus, nearby localities in ...
. The Jundi family had normally provided the '' aghawat'' (governors) of the fortress, and would later provide three of
Hama Hama ( ', ) is a city on the banks of the Orontes River in west-central Syria. It is located north of Damascus and north of Homs. It is the provincial capital of the Hama Governorate. With a population of 996,000 (2023 census), Hama is one o ...
's governors around the year 1800. During a revolt by the
Mawali ''Mawlā'' (, plural ''mawālī'' ), is a polysemous Arabic word, whose meaning varied in different periods and contexts.A.J. Wensinck, Encyclopedia of Islam 2nd ed, Brill. "Mawlā", vol. 6, p. 874. Before the Islamic prophet Muhammad, the te ...
tribes of northern Syria, the governor of Talbiseh's fortress, Abd al-Razzaq al-Jundi, was executed by the tribesmen. Talbiseh was described as a village of mud houses in the mid-19th century. Unlike most Syrian villages at the time whose houses had flat roofs, the mud houses in Talbiseh had dome-shaped roofs.Walpole, 1851, p. 179. According to traveler Albert Socin, in the early 20th-century, Talbiseh's houses had a cubical base, conical roofs and no windows. The roofs were constructed of overlapping internal layers of stone.Socin, 1906, p. 367.


Syrian civil war

Talbiseh witnessed large demonstrations protesting against the government of
Bashar al-Assad Bashar al-Assad (born 11September 1965) is a Syrian politician, military officer and former dictator Sources characterising Assad as a dictator: who served as the president of Syria from 2000 until fall of the Assad regime, his government ...
in April 2011 as part of the 2011–present Syrian Civil War.Syria protests: Homs city sit-in 'dispersed by gunfire'
''
BBC News BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world. The department is the world's largest broad ...
''. 19 April 2011.
Since the beginning of the insurrection, the city has become a stronghold for the opposition and the anti-government
Free Syrian Army The Free Syrian Army (FSA; ) is a Big tent, big-tent coalition of decentralized Syrian opposition (2011–2024), Syrian opposition rebel groups in the Syrian civil war founded on 29 July 2011 by Colonel Riad al-Asaad and six officers who defe ...
(FSA). As such, Talbiseh has been targeted by the
Syrian Army The Syrian Army is the land force branch of the Syrian Armed Forces. Up until the fall of the Assad regime, the Syrian Arab Army existed as a land force branch of the Syrian Arab Armed Forces, which dominanted the military service of the fo ...
and security forces throughout the uprising. Between 29 May and early June 2011 Syrian troops backed by tanks entered and besieged the city with the stated aim of rooting out "terrorist groups." Opposition activists claimed troops were raiding houses and arresting suspected dissidents. Five residents and four soldiers were reportedly killed in the first day of the operation. On 8 June 2012, three civilians and nine Syrian troops were killed in fighting in the Talbiseh area. Heavy fighting between the Syrian Army and the FSA continued until at least 11 June. According to
United Nations The United Nations (UN) is the Earth, global intergovernmental organization established by the signing of the Charter of the United Nations, UN Charter on 26 June 1945 with the stated purpose of maintaining international peace and internationa ...
observers, the FSA took a number of government soldiers captive. The Syrian Army attempted to retake Talbiseh on 21 July, sparking heavy clashes in the city and subsequent artillery bombardment. On 25 September 2012,
France 24 France 24 ( in French) is a French state-owned publicly funded international news television network based in Paris. Its channels, broadcast in French, English, Arabic and Spanish, are aimed at the overseas market. Based in the Paris suburb ...
reported that Talbiseh was under siege from all directions by the army. On 24 December 2012, the Talbiseh bakery massacre took place. More than 14 people were killed while queuing for bread at a local bakery, when they were bombed from warplanes of the
Syrian government The government of Syria takes place in a presidential system and is currently in a transitionary period under and led by a transitional government. The seat of the government is located in Damascus, Syria. On 8 December 2024, after the succ ...
. On 24 March 2014, it was reported that the main obstacle preventing the rebels from breaking the siege of Homs city was the Malouk army complex, just south of Talbiseh. The Malouk complex is composed of many checkpoints, spanning 15 square km. It contains 60 tanks and tens of other military vehicles, in addition to 1200 soldiers. According to a pro-opposition source, on 24 February 2015, an infant was allegedly killed while government forces shelled over the city with mortars from the Engineering battalion in Al-Mesherfe village. In May 2018, the
Syrian Arab Army The Syrian Arab Armed Forces (SAAF; ) were the combined armed forces of Syria from 1963 to 2024. They served during the rule of the Ba'ath Party in Syria. The SAAF consisted of the Syrian Arab Army, Syrian Arab Air Force, Syrian Arab Air D ...
finally entered Talbiseh with
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
n support which led to the displacement of hundreds of militant families to the opposition-held areas in northern Syria such as
Idlib Idlib (, ; also spelt Idleb or Edlib) is a city in northwestern Syria, and is the capital of the Idlib Governorate. It has an elevation of nearly above sea level, and is southwest of Aleppo. It is located near the border with Turkey. History ...
. On 13 June 2022, four Syrian Army soldiers, including an officer, were killed in an attack by unidentified gunmen on a
Syrian Army The Syrian Army is the land force branch of the Syrian Armed Forces. Up until the fall of the Assad regime, the Syrian Arab Army existed as a land force branch of the Syrian Arab Armed Forces, which dominanted the military service of the fo ...
checkpoint near the town.


References

معام وأعلام من تلبيسة - عبد اللطيف السعيد وأحمد امين الضحيك21 -


Bibliography

* * * * * * * {{Homs Governorate, rastan Towns in Syria Populated places in al-Rastan District