In Persian, Turkic, Hindustani and Punjabi, the word ''takhallus'' (from

Arabic Arabic (, , or , ) is a Central Semitic languages, Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns lang ...

, ; ; ; ; , ) means a

pen name A pen name or nom-de-plume is a pseudonym (or, in some cases, a variant form of a real name) adopted by an author and printed on the title page or by-line of their works in place of their real name. A pen name may be used to make the author's na ...

. Pen names were widely adopted by Persian, Turkic, Urdu and Punjabi poets. The ''takhallus'' is often included in the '' maqta''', the last couplet ('' bayt'') of a ''

ghazal ''Ghazal'' is a form of amatory poem or ode, originating in Arabic poetry that often deals with topics of spiritual and romantic love. It may be understood as a poetic expression of both the pain of loss, or separation from the beloved, and t ...

''.

History

While ''ghazal'' originated in Arabia evolving from ''qasida'', some of the common features of contemporary ''ghazal'', such as including the ''takhallus'' in the ''maqta'', the concept of '' matla''', etc., did not exist in Arabic ''ghazal''. It was Persian ''ghazal'' which added these features.

Common ''takhallus''es

List of ''takhallus''es of some Persian poets: * '' Suman'' * ''

Hafez (), known by his pen name Hafez ( or 'the keeper'; 1325–1390) or Hafiz, “Ḥāfeẓ” designates someoone who has learned the Qurʾān by heart" also known by his nickname Lisan al-Ghaib ('the tongue of the unseen'), was a Persian lyri ...

'' * '' Jami'' * "''Khamushn''" (

Rumi Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī (), or simply Rumi (30 September 1207 – 17 December 1273), was a 13th-century poet, Hanafi '' faqih'' (jurist), Maturidi theologian (''mutakallim''), and Sufi mystic born during the Khwarazmian Empire ...

) * ' Sadi'' * "Ashfaq Attari" ''(

Fani Badayuni Shaukat Ali Khan (1879 - 27 August 1961), better known as ''Fani Badayuni'' (his takhallus), was an Indian Urdu poet. Early life and education He was schooled at Government High School and graduated from Bareilly College in 1901, studied la ...

)'' List of ''takhallus''es of some Urdu poets: * ''Faiz'' – Faiz Ahmed ''Faiz'' * ''Fani'' — ''

'', Shaukat Ali Khan * ''Ghalib'' – Mirza Asadullah Baig Khan * ''Hali'' – Altaf Hussain ''Hali'', Altaf Hussain * ''Jigar'' - ''

Jigar Moradabadi Ali Sikandar (6 April 1890 – 9 September 1960), known by his pen name as Jigar Moradabadi, was an Indian Urdu poet and ''ghazal'' writer. He received the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1958 for his poetry collection "Atish-e-Gul", and was the seco ...

'', Sikander Ali Moradabadi * ''Kaki'' - Qutbuddin Bakhtiar ''Kaki'', Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiar * ''Mir'' - Mir Taqi ''Mir'', Mir Muhammad Taqi * ''Zafar'' - Bahadur Shah ''Zafar'', Bahadur Shah II

References

External links

{{Urdu poetry Persian poetry Azerbaijani poetry Urdu-language poetry

History

Common ''takhallus''es

See also

References

External links