''Tainia'', commonly known as ribbon orchids or 带唇兰属 (dai chun lan shu) is a genus of about thirty species of evergreen, terrestrial orchids in the ( family Orchidaceae) distributed from India,

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

, Southeast Asia to New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and Queensland.

Description

Orchids in the genus ''Tainia'' are evergreen, terrestrial

herbaceous Herbaceous plants are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials. Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous" The fourth edition of t ...

plants with upright, crowded, thin fleshy pseudobulbs. Each pseudobulb has a single, smooth or pleated leaf. The flower stalk emerges from the pseudobulb on the top of a leafless shoot and bears

resupinate Resupination is derived from the Latin word ''resupinus'', meaning "bent back with the face upward" or "on the back". "Resupination" is the noun form of the adjective "resupine" which means "being upside-down, supine or facing upward". The word " ...

yellowish, brownish, red or purple small to moderately large flowers. The sepals and

petal Petals are modified Leaf, leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often advertising coloration, brightly colored or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. All of the petals of a flower are collectively known as the ''c ...

s are similar in size and shape to each other and several flowers open simultaneously. The labellum is sometimes lobed but always has prominent ridges on its upper surface.

Taxonomy and naming

The genus ''Tainia'' was first formally described in 1825 by Carl Ludwig Blume who published the description in ''Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië''. The name ''Tainia'' is an Ancient Greek word meaning "ribbon", "fillet", "band" or "stripe" but Blume's reason for giving this name is not known.

Species list

The following is a list of the species of ''Tainia'' currently accepted by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families as of October 2014: * ''

Tainia acuminata ''Tainia'', commonly known as ribbon orchids or 带唇兰属 (dai chun lan shu) is a genus of about thirty species of evergreen, terrestrial orchids in the (family Orchidaceae) distributed from India, China, Japan, Southeast Asia to New Guinea, ...

'' Aver. * ''

Tainia bicornis ''Tainia'', commonly known as ribbon orchids or 带唇兰属 (dai chun lan shu) is a genus of about thirty species of evergreen, terrestrial orchids in the (family Orchidaceae) distributed from India, China, Japan, Southeast Asia to New Guinea, ...

'' ( Lindl.)

Rchb.f. Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach (Dresden, 3 January 1823 – Hamburg, 6 May 1889) was a botanist and the foremost German orchidologist of the 19th century. His father Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach (author of ''Icones Florae Germanicae et Helve ...

* '' Tainia cordifolia''

Hook.f. Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (30 June 1817 – 10 December 1911) was a British botanist and explorer in the 19th century. He was a founder of geographical botany and Charles Darwin's closest friend. For twenty years he served as director of t ...

- Vietnam, Taiwan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan * ''

Tainia cornuta ''Tainia'', commonly known as ribbon orchids or 带唇兰属 (dai chun lan shu) is a genus of about thirty species of evergreen, terrestrial orchids in the ( family Orchidaceae) distributed from India, China, Japan, Southeast Asia to New ...

'' Aver. * '' Tainia crassa'' ( H.Turner) J.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb - Peninsular Malaysia * '' Tainia dunnii'' Rolfe - Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang ** ''Tainia dunnii'' var. ''caterva'' ( T.P.Lin & W.M.Lin) T.P.Lin * '' Tainia elliptica'' Fukuy * '' Tainia hennisiana'' (

Schltr. Friedrich Richard Rudolf Schlechter (16 October 1872 – 16 November 1925) was a German taxonomist, botanist, and author of several works on orchids. He went on botanical expeditions in Africa, Indonesia, New Guinea, South and Central America a ...

) P.F.Hunt - Myanmar * ''

Tainia hualienia ''Tainia'', commonly known as ribbon orchids or 带唇兰属 (dai chun lan shu) is a genus of about thirty species of evergreen, terrestrial orchids in the ( family Orchidaceae) distributed from India, China, Japan, Southeast Asia to New ...

'' S.S.Ying - Taiwan * ''

Tainia latifolia ''Tainia'', commonly known as ribbon orchids or 带唇兰属 (dai chun lan shu) is a genus of about thirty species of evergreen, terrestrial orchids in the ( family Orchidaceae) distributed from India, China, Japan, Southeast Asia to New ...

'' ( Lindl.)

- Assam, Bangladesh, India, Bhutan, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan ** ''Tainia latifolia ''subsp''. elongata'' (

J.J.Sm. Johannes Jacobus Smith (Antwerp 29 June 1867 – Oegstgeest 14 January 1947) (sometimes written as Joannes Jacobus Smith) was a Dutch Botany, botanist who, between years 1905 to 1924, crossed the islands of the Dutch East Indies (mainly Java (isl ...

) H.Turner - Sumatra, Java, Borneo ** ''Tainia latifolia ''subsp''. latifolia'' - Assam, Bangladesh, India, Bhutan, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan ** ''Tainia latifolia ''subsp''. subintegra'' P.O'Byrne - Assam, Bangladesh, India, Bhutan, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan * '' Tainia laxiflora''

Makino History Makino was established in 1937 by Tsunezo Makino in Japan, developing Japan's first numerical control, numerically controlled (NC) milling machine in 1958 and Japan's first milling machine, machining centre in 1966. The North America ...

- Japan, Taiwan, Izu-shoto, Nansei-shoto (Ryukyu Islands) * '' Tainia longiscapa'' ( Seidenf.) J.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb - Yunnan, Thailand, Vietnam, Hainan * '' Tainia macrantha''

- Guangxi, Guangdong, Vietnam * ''

Tainia maingayi ''Tainia'', commonly known as ribbon orchids or 带唇兰属 (dai chun lan shu) is a genus of about thirty species of evergreen, Terrestrial plant, terrestrial orchids in the (Family (biology), family Orchidaceae) distributed from India, China, ...

- Java, Borneo, Malaysia, Sumatra * '' Tainia marmorata'' (

) J.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb - Sulawesi * ''

Tainia megalantha ''Tainia'', commonly known as ribbon orchids or 带唇兰属 (dai chun lan shu) is a genus of about thirty species of evergreen, terrestrial orchids in the ( family Orchidaceae) distributed from India, China, Japan, Southeast Asia to New ...

'' (

Tang Tang or TANG most often refers to: * Tang dynasty * Tang (drink mix) Tang or TANG may also refer to: Chinese states and dynasties * Jin (Chinese state) (11th century – 376 BC), a state during the Spring and Autumn period, called Tang (唐) b ...

& F.T.Wang) ined. - India, Bhutan, Assam * '' Tainia minor''

- Assam, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Yunnan, Tibet * ''

Tainia obpandurata ''Tainia'', commonly known as ribbon orchids or 带唇兰属 (dai chun lan shu) is a genus of about thirty species of evergreen, terrestrial orchids in the ( family Orchidaceae) distributed from India, China, Japan, Southeast Asia to New ...

'' H.Turner - Sumatra, Borneo * ''

Tainia papuana ''Tainia'', commonly known as ribbon orchids or 带唇兰属 (dai chun lan shu) is a genus of about thirty species of evergreen, Terrestrial plant, terrestrial orchids in the (Family (biology), family Orchidaceae) distributed from India, China, ...

- New Guinea, Solomons * '' Tainia paucifolia'' (

Breda Breda () is a city and municipality in the southern part of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Brabant. The name derived from ''brede Aa'' ('wide Aa' or 'broad Aa') and refers to the confluence of the rivers Mark and Aa. Breda has ...

)

- Thailand, Vietnam, Borneo, Malaysia, Java, Sumatra * '' Tainia ponggolensis'' ( A.L.Lamb ex H.Turner) J.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb - Sabah * '' Tainia purpureifolia'' Carr - Borneo * '' Tainia scapigera'' (

)

- Borneo * '' Tainia serratiloba'' Ormerod - western New Guinea * '' Tainia simondii'' ( Seidenf. ex Aver.) ined. - Vietnam * ''

Tainia speciosa ''Tainia'', commonly known as ribbon orchids or 带唇兰属 (dai chun lan shu) is a genus of about thirty species of evergreen, terrestrial orchids in the (family Orchidaceae) distributed from India, China, Japan, Southeast Asia to New Guinea, ...

'' Blume - Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra * '' Tainia trinervis'' Blume

- Maluku, New Guinea, Solomons, Queensland * '' Tainia vegetissima''

Ridl. Henry Nicholas Ridley CMG (1911), MA (Oxon), FRS, FLS, F.R.H.S. (10 December 1855 – 24 October 1956) was an English botanist, geologist and naturalist who lived much of his life in Singapore. He was instrumental in promoting rubber trees ...

- Malaysia, Borneo * ''

Tainia wrayana ''Tainia'', commonly known as ribbon orchids or 带唇兰属 (dai chun lan shu) is a genus of about thirty species of evergreen, terrestrial orchids in the ( family Orchidaceae) distributed from India, China, Japan, Southeast Asia to New ...

'' (

)

- Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Sumatra

Distribution and habitat

Orchids in the genus ''Tainia'' grow in high rainfall, shady forests. They are found in

Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...

, India and Japan, then south from

Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, Joh ...

to New Guinea,

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

and some

Pacific Islands Collectively called the Pacific Islands, the islands in the Pacific Ocean are further categorized into three major island groups: Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Depending on the context, the term ''Pacific Islands'' may refer to one of se ...

. Thirteen species, of which two are endemic are found in

. The only Australian specis, '' T. trinervis'' also occurs in New Guinea and some Pacific Islands.

References

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q2867938 Collabieae genera