Taimur Bin Feisal
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Sultan Taimur bin Faisal bin Turki Al Said (; 1886 – 28 January 1965) was the Sultan of Muscat and Oman from 5 October 1913 to 10 February 1932.


Early life

Taimur was born in 1886 to Sultan Faisal bin Turki Al Said and his first wife, Sayyida Aliyah bint Thuwaini Al Said. His mother was the daughter of Sultan Thuwaini bin Said Al Said.


Marriages and children

Taimur was married six times and had six children. Sayyida Fatima bint Ali bin Salim bin Thuwaini Al Said (4 May 1891-April 1967) married 1902 * Sultan Said bin Taimur Al Said A Yemeni woman *Sayyid Majid bin Taimur Al Said (born 1919) Kamile İlgiray, a Circassian woman, married 1920 and divorced 1921 * Sayyid Tariq bin Taimur Al Said (born 30 June 1921) A Dhofari woman * Sayyid Fahr bin Taimur Al Said (born 1924) Kiyoko Oyama, a Japanese woman, married 1936 * Sayyida Buthaina bint Taimur Al Said (born 10 October 1937) Nafisa Bundukji, a daughter of Khan Bahadur Sadik Hasan, married 1939 and divorced 1940 * Sayyid Shabib bin Taimur Al Said (born 1940) He is the grandfather of Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al Said and Sultan Haitham bin Tariq Al Said.


Sultan of Muscat and Oman

He succeeded his father Faisal bin Turki, Sultan of Muscat and Oman as sultan on 5 October 1913. When he assumed
suzerainty A suzerain (, from Old French "above" + "supreme, chief") is a person, state (polity)">state or polity who has supremacy and dominant influence over the foreign policy">polity.html" ;"title="state (polity)">state or polity">state (polity)">st ...
over the country, he inherited an external public debt and widespread rebellion among the tribes. Between 1915 and 1920, the sultan's forces were aided by
British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. * British national identity, the characteristics of British people and culture ...
financial and materiel support against the rebel tribes, ensuring adequate resistance but not total victory. An uneasy situation of no war, no peace, existed, with the sultan controlling Muscat and the coastal towns (the former Sultanate of Muscat) and the
imam Imam (; , '; : , ') is an Islamic leadership position. For Sunni Islam, Sunni Muslims, Imam is most commonly used as the title of a prayer leader of a mosque. In this context, imams may lead Salah, Islamic prayers, serve as community leaders, ...
ruling the interior ( Oman proper). This was tacitly codified in the Treaty of As Sib in 1920, brokered by the British political agent in Muscat. The treaty was between the sultan and the tribes, represented by Shaikh Isa ibn Salih al Harthi, leader of the Al-Harthi tribe. In return for full autonomy, the tribes in the interior pledged to cease attacking the coast. The Treaty of As Sib was a de facto partition agreement between Muscat and Oman, serving Britain's interest in preserving its power through the office of the sultan without dispatching British troops to the region. The Treaty of As Sib ensured political quiescence between Muscat and Oman that lasted until the 1950s, when oil exploration in the interior reintroduced conflict. In return for accepting a truncation of his authority, the sultan received a loan from the government of
British India The provinces of India, earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance in South Asia. Collectively, they have been called British India. In one form or another ...
with an amortization period of ten years, sufficient to repay his debts to merchants. When Sultan Taimur ibn Faisal abdicated for financial reasons in 1932, the twenty-two-year-old Said ibn Taimur inherited an administration that was in debt. A
United States Department of State The United States Department of State (DOS), or simply the State Department, is an United States federal executive departments, executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for the country's foreign policy of the United State ...
bulletin on the sultan of Muscat and Oman in February 1938 describes the situation in which Sultan Said ibn Taimur found himself after assuming power: "The young Sultan found the country practically bankrupt and his troubles were further complicated by tribal unrest and conspiracy by certain of his uncles, one of whom immediately profited by the occasion to set up an independent regime. The Sultan tackled the situation with resolution and within a short time the traitorous uncle had been subdued, unrest quelled, and most important of all, state finances put on much more solid footing."


Abdication

In 1932 he abdicated in favor of his eldest son Said bin Taimur and lived abroad, mostly in
British India The provinces of India, earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance in South Asia. Collectively, they have been called British India. In one form or another ...
. In 1965, he died in Mumbai.


Ibadism

Taimur's era was the period wherein
Ibadism Ibadism (, ) is a school of Islam concentrated in Oman established from within the Kharijites. The followers of the Ibadi sect are known as the Ibadis or, as they call themselves, The People of Truth and Integrity (). Ibadism emerged around 6 ...
, the predominant madhab of Oman had played a role in the country's social affairs. For instance, the government which led from
Muscat Muscat (, ) is the capital and most populous city in Oman. It is the seat of the Governorate of Muscat. According to the National Centre for Statistics and Information (NCSI), the population of the Muscat Governorate in 2022 was 1.72 million. ...
had exchanged letters with the ruling powers of the interior, which consisted of an Ibadi imamate. This Ibadi involvement in the stepping stone in Oman's history that occurred in 1920 was called the ''treaty of Sib''.


Foreign honors

* ** Knight Commander of the
Order of the Star of India The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria in 1861. The Order includes members of three classes: # Knight Grand Commander ( GCSI) # Knight Commander ( KCSI) # Companion ( CSI) No appointments ...
** Companion of the
Order of the Indian Empire The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria on 1 January 1878. The Order includes members of three classes: #Knight Grand Commander (:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire, ...
Ovguide


References

{{authority control 1886 births 1965 deaths 19th-century Omani people 20th-century Omani people Al Said dynasty Honorary companions of the Order of the Star of India Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire Monarchs who abdicated Japan–Oman relations Omani Ibadi Muslims People from Muscat, Oman Sons of Omani sultans Sultans of Oman 20th-century monarchs in the Middle East