Taganrog underground resistance movement was an Antifascist underground group of young

Komsomol The All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, usually known as Komsomol, was a political youth organization in the Soviet Union. It is sometimes described as the youth division of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), although it w ...

members acting in occupied

Taganrog Taganrog (, ) is a port city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, on the north shore of Taganrog Bay in the Sea of Azov, several kilometers west of the mouth of the Don (river), Don River. It is in the Black Sea region. Population: Located at the site of a ...

in 1941-1943.

History

In November 1941, Semion Morozov and Vasily Afonov organized an underground resistance group, which consisted mainly of young

members.Волошин В., Ратник В."Вчера была война. Таганрог в годы немецко-фашистской оккупации. Таганрог, "Лукоморье", 2008 As of early December 1941 only 11 young people were members of the Taganrog resistance movement, while in early 1943 more than 500 people who were divided into 27 partisan groups acted against occupation forces in Taganrog. On February 18, 1943 were arrested Semion Morozov and the core of the underground movement's activists. In spring 1943 Gestapo agents infiltrated the underground movement. After several mass arrests in February–May 1943 over 200 members of the Taganrog underground resistance movement were detained, tortured and killed (including 27 women and 2 children). The last execution by

firing squad Firing may refer to: * Dismissal (employment), sudden loss of employment by termination * Firemaking, the act of starting a fire * Burning; see combustion * Shooting, specifically the discharge of firearms * Execution by firing squad, a method of ...

was carried out on July 12, 1943. In 1965-1966, 126 members of the Taganrog underground resistance movement were awarded with orders and medals, the Commissar of the Taganrog's underground Semion Morozov was posthumously made

Hero of the Soviet Union The title Hero of the Soviet Union () was the highest distinction in the Soviet Union, awarded together with the Order of Lenin personally or collectively for heroic feats in service to the Soviet state and society. The title was awarded both ...

, the leader of the partisan group Vasily Afonov was posthumously awarded with an

Order of Lenin The Order of Lenin (, ) was an award named after Vladimir Lenin, the leader of the October Revolution. It was established by the Central Executive Committee on 6 April 1930. The order was the highest civilian decoration bestowed by the Soviet ...

.''Лебедева Марина'' Сохраним ли дом Турубаровых // Время Таганрога. - 19.03/2011

Major resistance operations

* November 15, 1941: arson and explosion at the Taganrog

seaport A port is a maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inland, such as Hamburg, Manc ...

's ammunition depot (completely destroyed) * Early December 1941: explosion at the Taganrog City Hall, its canteen and the car repair shop (147

Nazi Germany Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German Reich, German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a Totalit ...

officers and soldiers killed. * December 1941: arson at the " Krasny Gidropress" factory (40 trucks burnt). * January 25, 1942: arson of wood materials (used for repair of German aircraft) at the territory of the

Beriev Aircraft Company The PJSC Beriev Aircraft Company (), formerly Beriev Design Bureau, is a Russian aircraft manufacturer (design office prefix Be), specializing in amphibious aircraft. The company was founded in Taganrog in 1934 as OKB-49 by Georgy Mikhailovich ...

* April–May 1942: two diversion acts at the " Krasny Gidropress" factory (13 and 120 trucks temporarily out of service) * June 1942:

derailment In rail transport, a derailment is a type of train wreck that occurs when a rail vehicle such as a train comes off its rails. Although many derailments are minor, all result in temporary disruption of the proper operation of the railway sys ...

of the train (10 wagons) at Martsevo/Koshkino * October 1942:

of the train transporting

panzer {{CatAutoTOC, numerals=no Words and phrases Germanic words and phrases Words and phrases by language la:Categoria:Verba Theodisca ...

s, cars and ammunition between Varenovka and Primorka stations * January 1943: hole-traps made (from Ochakovsk tail up to Taganrog) on the ice of the

Gulf of Taganrog Taganrog Bay (; ) is the northeastern arm of the Sea of Azov. It also may be perceived as a flooded estuary of the Don River. Geography The bay serves as a natural boundary between the Kuban coast line in Russia and the northern Azov littor ...

, which resulted in a gross loss of horses (more than 100) * December 1942: attack on the

police station A police station is a facility operated by police or a similar law enforcement agency that serves to accommodate police officers and other law enforcement personnel. The role served by a police station varies by agency, type, and jurisdiction, ...

near Mayakovka village. 4 light machine-guns, 10 rifles, grenades were captured. * February 1943: 4 attacks on German and Romanian troops who were retreating through the

. Captured 7 machine-guns, 40 rifles, 13 submachine guns, 11 heavily loaded trucks were sunken in

Azov Sea The Sea of Azov is an inland shelf sea in Eastern Europe connected to the Black Sea by the narrow (about ) Strait of Kerch, and sometimes regarded as a northern extension of the Black Sea. The sea is bounded by Russia on the east, and by Ukr ...

, 37

soldiers killed. * March 1943: arson of a truck loaded with products and cereals (truck completely destroyed). * May 14, 1943: successful assassination attempt by Sergey Weiss and Yuri Pazon of

Sicherheitsdienst ' (, "Security Service"), full title ' ("Security Service of the ''Reichsführer-SS''"), or SD, was the intelligence agency of the Schutzstaffel, SS and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany. Established in 1931, the SD was the first Nazi intelligence ...

's informants Musikova and Raevskaya. * (throughout the duration of the occupation period) Distribution of leaflets and

Sovinformburo Soviet Information Bureau (), commonly known as Sovinformburo () was a leading Soviet news agency, operating under that name from 1941 to 1961 when its name changed to RIA Novosti. Operation The Axis invasion of the Soviet Union started on ...

's information bulletins.

Remembrance

The monument "Oath of the Youth" () to heroes of the Taganrog resistance movement was inaugurated on August 30, 1973 on Spartakovski pereulok, in front of the

Chekhov Gymnasium The Chekhov Gymnasium in Taganrog on Ulitsa Oktyabrskaya 9 (formerly Gymnasicheskaya Street) is the oldest gymnasium in the South of Russia. Playwright and short-story writer Anton Chekhov spent 11 years in the school, which was later named aft ...

Trivia

Apart from the group of young people led by Afonin and Morozov, in

acted at least 2

Soviet partisans Soviet partisans were members of Resistance during World War II, resistance movements that fought a Guerrilla warfare, guerrilla war against Axis powers, Axis forces during World War II in the Soviet Union, the previously Territories of Poland an ...

groups organized by

NKVD The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (, ), abbreviated as NKVD (; ), was the interior ministry and secret police of the Soviet Union from 1934 to 1946. The agency was formed to succeed the Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU) se ...

before the Soviet troops left the city. The members of the groups acted separately and were not permitted to get into contact.

References

* ''Encyclopedia of Taganrog'', 2nd edition, Taganrog, 2003 * Таганрогский филиал ГАРО, фонд Р-952, опись 1, дело 20
Сборник 'Таганрог' Глава VI. В годы Великой Отечественной…\\Пронштейн А. П. - Ростов-на-Дону: Ростовское книжное издательство, 1977 - с.208

* [http://i27.photobucket.com/albums/c166/cortagravatas/Doc%20Foto/SchuldTaganrogZuTodegefolterteSowje.jpg Ein Schuld, die nicht erlischt. Dokumente über deutsche Kriegsverbrechen in der Sowjetunion. Document collection, 1987 Pahl Rugenstein Verlag GmbH, Cologne, Germany]
''Гофман Г. Б.'' Герои Таганрога. Документальная повесть — М.: Молодая гвардия, 1966

Антифашистское подполье
* ''Киричек М.'' В честь героев подполья // Таганрогская правда. — 1989. — 19 янв. * ''Светлова С.'' Судьба подпольщика: Участник таганрогского подполья Г. И. Анохин // Ветеран Дона. — 2001. — 5 мая. * ''Рожкова Т.'' Не ради славы: Участница таганрогского подполья М. Е. Муравьева (Галах) // Ветеран Дона. — 2004. — 17 сент. {{Resistance in World War II by country Taganrog in World War II The Holocaust in Russia Soviet partisans Paramilitary organizations based in Russia

History

Major resistance operations

Remembrance

Trivia

See also

References