T Series (Toronto Subway)
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

The T series, also known as the T-1, is the fourth series of
rapid transit Rapid transit or mass rapid transit (MRT) or heavy rail, commonly referred to as metro, is a type of high-capacity public transport that is generally built in urban areas. A grade separation, grade separated rapid transit line below ground su ...
rolling stock used in the subway system of
Toronto Toronto ( , locally pronounced or ) is the List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, most populous city in Canada. It is the capital city of the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of Ontario. With a p ...
, Ontario, Canada. They were ordered by the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) in 1992 and built in one production set between 1995 and 2001 by Bombardier Transportation in
Thunder Bay Thunder Bay is a city in and the seat of Thunder Bay District, Ontario, Canada. It is the most populous municipality in Northwestern Ontario and the second most populous (after Greater Sudbury) municipality in Northern Ontario. Its population i ...
, Ontario, Canada. Currently based entirely out of Greenwood Subway Yard, the T-1s are the older of the two currently active series of rolling stock on the heavy-rail lines in the Toronto subway network. Following the introduction of the newer Toronto Rocket train sets, all T-1 trains now operate exclusively in six-car configurations on Line 2 Bloor–Danforth. They previously operated on Line 1 Yonge–University and in a four-car configuration on Line 4 Sheppard until the retirement of the last remaining H-series trains in 2014 and until the implementation of one-person train operation on the latter in 2016.


Design advances

The T-1 cars entered service between 1995 and 2001 and became the mainstay of the TTC subway fleet. By 1999, they had replaced the older M1s, H1s, H2s and prototype H3s, along with some H4s, many of which had been in revenue service since the 1960s. The T-1s had many of the same technical specifications of the H series, including the same married pair configuration, and incorporated many of the design elements that had been refined throughout the H-series program. Each model in the H-series production run improved on the last, adding features such as a single-handle controller for acceleration and braking,
air conditioning Air conditioning, often abbreviated as A/C (US) or air con (UK), is the process of removing heat from an enclosed space to achieve a more comfortable interior temperature, and in some cases, also controlling the humidity of internal air. Air c ...
, a change from camshaft to chopper control, and regenerative braking. The T-1 built on those advances (such as changing from a rotary-type to a fore–aft, joystick-type controller) while integrating new computer technology (analogous to the New Technology Train of the New York City Subway), creating a more modern train. The T-series cars were the first TTC cars to use
AC propulsion AC Propulsion is a San Dimas, California, USA company founded in 1992 by Alan Cocconi, Wally Rippel, and Paul Carosa, that specializes in alternating current-based drivetrain systems for electric vehicles. It offers AC-induction traction motors. ...
, rather than DC propulsion as used in all previous rolling stock, all of which are now retired. Other improvements included wider entry and exit doorways, flip-up seats for the installation of wheelchair positions (which are now marked in blue velour to signify priority seating areas instead of the red velour used for other seats), and the removal of vertical stanchions along the car's centre line, making them the TTC's first subway cars to be wheelchair-accessible. The interior colour scheme consists of grey floors and walls and dark red doors and panels, unlike the simulated woodgrain panels used on the predecessor H-series cars.


Lines serviced

* Yonge–University line (March 11, 1996 – May 27, 2015) * Bloor–Danforth line (2000–present) * Sheppard line (November 24, 2002 – October 8, 2016)


Future

The T-1s have a life expectancy that allows them to remain in service until at least 2026; however, at the end of 2019, the TTC proposed an overhaul to extend the T-1 fleet's life by 10 years. The TTC started implementing mid-life upgrades for the fleet including LED-type interior lighting, along with side LED destination signs and external pre-boarding route and destination announcements. As of 2019, the TTC is in the process of installing CCTV cameras on the remaining T-1 subway fleet. The TTC also considered upgrading the fleet to run on an automatic train control (ATC) system, which it is in the process of installing to replace the current wayside signaling system on Lines 1 and 4 and is expected to install on Line 2 by 2030 in conjunction with the opening of the Scarborough subway extension. However, due to prohibitively expensive costs of such a retrofit, it is unlikely that this will happen in the near future, and the TTC plans to replace all T-1 trains with new ATC-compatible equipment instead. In October 2022, the TTC had issued a request for proposals for new Line 2 trains similar to the Toronto Rockets, which would have replaced the T-1s. Later in June 2023, due to a lack of funding, the order was cancelled. In November 2024, the TTC secured funding to replace the T-1 trainsets. 55 replacement trains are expected to be delivered as early as 2030.


Gallery

File:Fishing under the subway.jpg, A T-1 crosses the bridge over the Humber River on its way west to Old Mill station File:T-1 StGeorge.jpg, The T-1s feature wider doors than their predecessors. File:TTC subway Interior.jpg, The interior of a T-1 subway car File:Old T-1 Bogie.jpg, An old T-1 Bogie at Greenwood Yard File:A T-1 at Greenwood Yard.jpg, A T-1 in the shops at Greenwood Yard with its rollsign set to Islington File:TTC Line 2 T-1 Subway Departs Islington Station (2023-10-25).webm, A T-1 departs Islington station


References


External links

*
Page on the T-series cars
at Transit Toronto {{Toronto Transit Commission Toronto rapid transit passenger equipment Bombardier Transportation multiple units 600 V DC multiple units Electric multiple units of Canada Train-related introductions in 1995