Transmembrane protein 104 (TMEM104) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM104 gene. The aliases of TMEM104 are FLJ00021 and FLJ20255. Humans have a 163,255 base pair long gene coding sequence, 4703 base pair long mRNA, and 496 amino acid long protein sequence. In Eukaryotes, the TMEM104 gene is conserved.

Gene

Location

TMEM104 is located on human

chromosome A chromosome is a package of DNA containing part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes, the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with nucleosome-forming packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells, the most import ...

17 at the locus 17q25.1. TMEM104 is located between the genes

NAT9 N-acetyltransferase 9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''NAT9'' gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is tra ...

and

GRIN2C Glutamate MDAreceptor subunit epsilon-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GRIN2C'' gene. Function N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are a class of ionotropic glutamate receptors. NMDA channel has been shown to be involved i ...

Transcripts

There are 7 main transcription variants: isoform 1, isoform 2, variant X1 - X5. TMEM104 is predicted to have a

promoter region In genetics, a promoter is a sequence of DNA to which proteins bind to initiate transcription of a single RNA transcript from the DNA downstream of the promoter. The RNA transcript may encode a protein (mRNA), or can have a function in and of it ...

150 base pairs upstream of the start of

transcription Transcription refers to the process of converting sounds (voice, music etc.) into letters or musical notes, or producing a copy of something in another medium, including: Genetics * Transcription (biology), the copying of DNA into RNA, often th ...

. The promoter region of Homo sapien TMEM104 compared to other organisms is very unconserved. It was hard to find anything outside of Mammalia species and most were found under Primates. TMEM104 Tertiary Structure

Tissue expression

In most human tissues, TMEM104 has a modest expression level (25–50th percentile), relative to all human proteins, according to

RNA-seq RNA-Seq (named as an abbreviation of RNA sequencing) is a technique that uses next-generation sequencing to reveal the presence and quantity of RNA molecules in a biological sample, providing a snapshot of gene expression in the sample, also k ...

data.

Subcelluar expression

The protein has been located primarily in the plasma membrane and less so found in nucleus.

Immunochemistry Data

Thermofisher Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. is an American life science and clinical research company. It is a global supplier of analytical instruments, clinical development solutions, specialty diagnostics, laboratory, pharmaceutical and biotechnology s ...

claims that it exhibits significant nuclear and cytoplasmic positivity in glandular cells. With the aid of a TMEM104 polyclonal antibody, the samples were probed.

Protein

TMEM104 variant 1 protein is 496 amino acids in length. TMEM104 is a secreted protein that is overexpressed in Adrenal. TMEM104 is a

phenylalanine Phenylalanine (symbol Phe or F) is an essential α-amino acid with the chemical formula, formula . It can be viewed as a benzyl group substituent, substituted for the methyl group of alanine, or a phenyl group in place of a terminal hydrogen of ...

enriched and

glutamine Glutamine (symbol Gln or Q) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Its side chain is similar to that of glutamic acid, except the carboxylic acid group is replaced by an amide. It is classified as a charge-neutral ...

poor protein.

Characteristics

TMEM104 has an

isoelectric point The isoelectric point (pI, pH(I), IEP), is the pH at which a molecule carries no net electric charge, electrical charge or is electrically neutral in the statistical mean. The standard nomenclature to represent the isoelectric point is pH(I). Howe ...

of 6.8 and a

molecular weight A molecule is a group of two or more atoms that are held together by Force, attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not include ions that satisfy this criterion. In quantum physics, organic chemi ...

of 55.7 k daltons. It is predicted to have between nine and eleven

transmembrane domain A transmembrane domain (TMD, TM domain) is a membrane-spanning protein domain. TMDs may consist of one or several alpha-helices or a transmembrane beta barrel. Because the interior of the lipid bilayer is hydrophobic, the amino acid residues in ...

s, making it a

transmembrane protein A transmembrane protein is a type of integral membrane protein that spans the entirety of the cell membrane. Many transmembrane proteins function as gateways to permit the transport of specific substances across the membrane. They frequently un ...

Post Translation Modifications

The post-translational modifications N-glycosylation, sulfonation, and phosphorylation are among those predicted for TMEM104.

Tertiary structure

TMEM104 has a tertiary structure with

alpha helices An alpha helix (or α-helix) is a sequence of amino acids in a protein that are twisted into a coil (a helix). The alpha helix is the most common structural arrangement in the secondary structure of proteins. It is also the most extreme type of l ...

and

beta sheet The beta sheet (β-sheet, also β-pleated sheet) is a common motif of the regular protein secondary structure. Beta sheets consist of beta strands (β-strands) connected laterally by at least two or three backbone hydrogen bonds, forming a gene ...

Interaction

TMEM104 has been shown to

interact Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization advocating for the legal and human rights of children with intersex traits. The organization was founded in 2006 and fo ...

with CASKIN2, TMEM94, TOMM6, SYNGR3, SYTL5, B3GNT8, NTRK3,

C15orf39 C15orf39 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the Chromosome 15 open reading frame 15 (C15orf39) gene. Gene Location C15orf39 is located on Chromosome 15 (human), chromosome 15 (15q24.2), spanning 16.53kb from 75487985 to 75504515 on the plu ...

, and PPSIG. Conceptual Translation pg2-3

Homology

Ortholog

TMEM104 has no

paralogs Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of three phenomena: either a speci ...

. TMEM protein is found mostly in Eukaryotes. The orthologs in the following table were discovered through BLAST searches. Although by no means exhaustive, this list demonstrates the enormous variety of organisms that include TMEM104 orthologs.

References

{{reflist Uncharacterized proteins