Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency (, abbreviated BMKG) is an Indonesian non-departmental government agency for

meteorology Meteorology is the scientific study of the Earth's atmosphere and short-term atmospheric phenomena (i.e. weather), with a focus on weather forecasting. It has applications in the military, aviation, energy production, transport, agricultur ...

climatology Climatology (from Greek , ''klima'', "slope"; and , '' -logia'') or climate science is the scientific study of Earth's climate, typically defined as weather conditions averaged over a period of at least 30 years. Climate concerns the atmospher ...

, and

geophysics Geophysics () is a subject of natural science concerned with the physical processes and Physical property, properties of Earth and its surrounding space environment, and the use of quantitative methods for their analysis. Geophysicists conduct i ...

History

Its history began on 1841 with individual observation conducted by Dr. Onnen, the head of hospital in

Bogor Bogor City (), or Bogor (, ), is a landlocked city in the West Java, Indonesia. Located around south of the national capital of Jakarta, Bogor is the 6th largest city in the Jakarta metropolitan area and the 14th overall nationwide.

, and was established as a formal government institution on 1866 by the

Dutch East Indies The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies (; ), was a Dutch Empire, Dutch colony with territory mostly comprising the modern state of Indonesia, which Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, declared independence on 17 Au ...

government by the name of Magnetic and Meteorological Observatory (). The agency name changed several times and its current name was given on 6 September 2008.BMG becomes BMKG

Tropical Cyclone Warning Center

Since 1986 the BMKG, has run a

Tropical Cyclone Warning Center A Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre (RSMC) is responsible for the distribution of information, advisories, and warnings regarding the specific program they have a part of, agreed by consensus at the World Meteorological Organization as ...

(TCWC), within their headquarters in Jakarta. Over the next 12 seasons, the TCWC named and issued international warnings for the area from the

Equator The equator is the circle of latitude that divides Earth into the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Southern Hemisphere, Southern Hemispheres of Earth, hemispheres. It is an imaginary line located at 0 degrees latitude, about in circumferen ...

to 10°S between 90°E and 125°E. In 1998, the

World Meteorological Organization The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is a List of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for promoting international cooperation on atmospheric science, climatology, hydrology an ...

's RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee recommended that TCWC Perth, in Australia take over warning responsibility on an interim basis until the BMKG's staff had the training to run the TCWC. TCWC

Perth Perth () is the list of Australian capital cities, capital city of Western Australia. It is the list of cities in Australia by population, fourth-most-populous city in Australia, with a population of over 2.3 million within Greater Perth . The ...

then took over the warning and naming responsibilities until the 2007–08 season when they handed it back to TCWC

Jakarta Jakarta (; , Betawi language, Betawi: ''Jakartè''), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta (; ''DKI Jakarta'') and formerly known as Batavia, Dutch East Indies, Batavia until 1949, is the capital and largest city of Indonesia and ...

. The first depression to be named by TCWC Jakarta came later that year when

Cyclone Durga In meteorology, a cyclone () is a large air mass that rotates around a strong center of low atmospheric pressure, counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere as viewed from above (opposite to an anti ...

became a

Tropical Cyclone A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system with a low-pressure area, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depending on its locat ...

within their area of responsibility. During the next two seasons TCWC Jakarta, monitored several tropical cyclones in the North Western Pacific Ocean and the Australian region. At the start of the 2010–11 season, TCWC Jakarta's area of responsibility was then extended out to include the region from the Equator to 10°S between 125°E and 141°E.

Organization

Based on Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency Regulation No. 2/2024, the BMKG consisted of: # Office of the Head of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency # Main Secretariat ## Bureau of Planning ## Bureau of Law, Public Relation, and Cooperation ## Bureau of General Affairs and Finance ## Bureau of Human Resources and Organization Affairs # Deputy I (Meteorology) ## Directorate of Aviation Meteorology ## Directorate of Maritime Meteorology ## Directorate of Public Meteorology # Deputy II (Climatology) ## Directorate of Climate Change ## Directorate of Applied Climate Services # Deputy III (Geophysics) ## Directorate of Earthquake and Tsunamis ## Directorate of Seismologic Engineering, Potential Geophysics, and Signs # Deputy IV (Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Infrastructures) ## Directorate of Instrumentation and Calibration ## Directorate of Data and Computation ## Directorate of Network and Communication Systems # Deputy V (Weather Modification) ## Directorate of Weather Modification Administration ## Directorate of Weather Modification Operations # Inspectorate # Center for Instrument Standardization of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics # Center for Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Human Resource Development ## State College of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics # Center for Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Functionaries Fostering and Development # Indonesian Institute for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Region I, Medan (serving and managing meteorological, climatological, and geophysical stations in northern half of Sumatra Island) # Indonesian Institute for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Region II, Ciputat (serving and managing meteorological, climatological, and geophysical stations in southern half of Sumatra Island, West Java, Banten, Jakarta, Central Java, Yogyakarta, and West Kalimantan) # Indonesian Institute for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Region III, Denpasar (serving and managing meteorological, climatological, and geophysical stations in East Java, Bali, Central Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, North Kalimantan, West Nusa Tenggara, East Nusa Tenggara) # Indonesian Institute for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Region IV, Makassar (serving and managing meteorological, climatological, and geophysical stations in Sulawesi and Maluku Islands) # Indonesian Institute for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Region V, Jayapura (serving and managing meteorological, climatological, and geophysical stations in Papua Island) Aside of this structure, BMKG maintained 181 meteorological, climatological, and geophysical stations which its operations and management performed by 5 regional Indonesian Institutes for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (, abbreviated BBMKG) responsible.

Gallery

Logo_bmg.gif, Previous BMKG logo (until 2010) Logo BMKG (2010).png, Current logo of BMKG (since 2010)

References

External links

Official site

TCWC Jakarta
{{DEFAULTSORT:Indonesian Agency For Meteorology, Climatology And Geophysics Government agencies of Indonesia Government agencies established in 1866 Governmental meteorological agencies in Asia