TCDD UIC-X coaches were a type of

passenger A passenger (also abbreviated as pax) is a person who travels in a vehicle, but does not bear any responsibility for the tasks required for that vehicle to arrive at its destination or otherwise operate the vehicle, and is not a steward. The ...

railcar A railcar (not to be confused with a railway car) is a self-propelled railway vehicle designed to transport passengers. The term "railcar" is usually used in reference to a train consisting of a single coach (carriage, car), with a drive ...

that the

Turkish State Railways The State Railways of the Republic of Turkey ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Demiryolları), abbreviated as TCDD, is a government-owned national railway company responsible with the ownership and maintenance of railway infrastructure in Turkey ...

operated on most express and regional trains from the 1970s to the early 2000s. These cars were built by

TÜVASAŞ Turkish Wagon Industry, Inc. ( tr, Türkiye Vagon Sanayi Anonim Şirketi), more commonly known as TÜVASAŞ, is a railcar manufacturer based in Adapazarı. TÜVASAŞ is responsible for the construction, refurbishment and repair of railcars for the ...

at their Adapazarı plant in cooperation with the

International Union of Railways The International Union of Railways (UIC, french: Union internationale des chemins de fer) is an international rail transport industry body. History The railways of Europe originated as many separate concerns, and there were many border chang ...

(UIC) in order to standardize Turkish railcars with international standards. Before the

TVS2000 The TÜVASAŞ 2000, more commonly known as TVS2000, is a series of intercity railcars built by TÜVASAŞ for the Turkish State Railways between 1993 and 2005. They were built in order to revive TCDD's failing image in the early 1990s, for use on th ...

became the new standard of the railway, these coaches were the most popular railcar in the country. Beginning in the 2000s, they have been slowly phased out, with a large majority of them being retired or refurbished into

modernized Modernization theory is used to explain the process of modernization within societies. The "classical" theories of modernization of the 1950s and 1960s drew on sociological analyses of Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim and a partial reading of Max Weber, ...

railcars, similar to the TVS2000s.

References

{{reflist, refs= {{cite book , title= Türkiye Vagon Sanayi A.Ş. , url=http://www.tuvasas.com.tr/pdf/TUVASAS_SUNUM_TR.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0dcdAyF1kyS4tWWW_LDmNi , language=tr , location=Adapazarı , publisher=TÜVASAŞ , page=3 , access-date=22 September 2020 Train-related introductions in 1975 Turkish State Railways Railway coaches