The Sysmex XE-2100 is a

haematology Hematology ( spelled haematology in British English) is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the cause, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to blood. It involves treating diseases that affect the production ...

automated analyser An automated analyser is a medical laboratory instrument designed to measure various substances and other characteristics in a number of biological samples quickly, with minimal human assistance. These measured properties of blood and other fluids ...

, used to quickly perform

full blood count A complete blood count (CBC), also known as a full blood count (FBC) or full haemogram (FHG), is a set of medical laboratory tests that provide cytometry, information about the cells in a person's blood. The CBC indicates the counts of white blo ...

s and

reticulocyte In hematology, reticulocytes are immature red blood cells (RBCs). In the process of erythropoiesis (red blood cell formation), reticulocytes develop and mature in the bone marrow and then circulate for about a day in the blood stream before dev ...

counts. It is made by the Sysmex Corporation. It can be run on its own, or connected to a

blood film A blood smear, peripheral blood smear or blood film is a thin layer of blood smeared on a glass microscope slide and then stained in such a way as to allow the various blood cells to be examined microscopically. Blood smears are examined in the i ...

making and staining unit. Racks of blood go in on a tray on the right, and come out the left side. The racks hold ten 4.5 mL tubes, and have a notch so they can only go in one way. As the tubes go through the machine, two are picked up and inverted five times to mix, the first one is sampled. They are put down again, the rack moves along one space and two more are picked up and mixed five times, this assures that each tube is inverted ten times before being sampled. The caps are left on the tubes as they go through the machine. A piercer takes a sample through the rubber centre while the tube is upside down.

EDTA Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), also called EDTA acid, is an aminopolycarboxylic acid with the formula . This white, slightly water-soluble solid is widely used to bind to iron (Fe2+/Fe3+) and calcium ions (Ca2+), forming water-solubl ...

(lavender) tubes are usually used, although

citrate Citric acid is an organic compound with the formula . It is a colorless weak organic acid. It occurs naturally in citrus fruits. In biochemistry Biochemistry, or biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relati ...

(blue top) tubes will also work (although the result must be corrected because of dilution). Paediatric and oversized tubes can be put through manually via a sampler on the left-hand side of the machine. Data from the XE-2100 can be viewed with a computer program.

Price

This machine can be purchased for around US$107,000

Principles of measurement

Blood is sampled and diluted, and moves through a tube thin enough that cells pass by one at a time. Characteristics about the cell are measured using

laser A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The word ''laser'' originated as an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radi ...

s (fluorescence

flow cytometry Flow cytometry (FC) is a technique used to detect and measure the physical and chemical characteristics of a population of cells or particles. In this process, a sample containing cells or particles is suspended in a fluid and injected into the ...

) or

electrical impedance In electrical engineering, impedance is the opposition to alternating current presented by the combined effect of Electrical_resistance, resistance and Electrical_reactance, reactance in a electrical circuit, circuit. Quantitatively, the impedan ...

. Because not everything about the cells can be measured at the same time, blood is separated into a number of different channels. In the XE-2100 there are five different channels: WBC/BASO, DIFF, IMI, RET and NRBC.

Price

Principles of measurement

See also